Download M. Lynch - WELB CASS

Livewire
Control
Studio
PCB
Wizard
R. Moffatt. TEC Omagh, WELB
www. new-wave-concepts.com
Technology Education Centre 05.
Livewire
www. new-wave-concepts.com
R. Moffatt (Assistant Adviser for Technology & Design)
TechnologyEducation
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Technology
( Live Wire, Control Studio and PCB Wizard)
Aims:
To provide opportunities for improving skills in using the Livewire
‘Electronics’ software. And to promote a better understanding of electronics
Systems.
Technology Education Centre 05.
( Live Wire, Control Studio and PCB Wizard)
Objectives:
• To introduce teachers to Live Wire, Control Studio and PCB Wizard 3
software
• To explore and develop the ‘Live Wire’ software in relation to school
based projects and electronic circuit design for Key Stage 3 & 4
• To experience all three software packages in the design and construction of
Circuit design and the construction of PCB’s
• To develop strategies for teaching this new software at Key Stage 3 and 4
Technology Education Centre 05.
Livewire is a simulated electronics laboratory that uses animation and
sound to demonstrate the principles of electronic circuits.
Switches, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits and hundreds of other
components can all be connected together to investigate hidden
concepts such as voltage, current and charge. There are no limits to
the circuits that can be designed and no loose connections or faulty
components to worry about. However, if the maximum ratings for any
components are exceeded, they will explode!
Technology Education Centre 05.
Ex 1: Verifying Ohms Law
V
I
R
Confirm Ohms Law by changing the value of R1 to:•
•
•
10K x 899.99 uA =
100K x 90.00 uA =
2k2 x 4.09 mA =
9 Volts
9 “
9 “
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Resistors in Parallel:
R1
1) Calculate the total resistance for the two resistors
in parallel?
R2
R1
2) Calculate the total resistance for the two resistors
in parallel?
R2
R1
3) Calculate the total resistance for the two resistors
in parallel?
R2
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Ex 2: Measuring Resistance:
Multi Meter
Multi Meter
Multi Meter
Build the circuit and record the Resistance when the temperature
reaches: a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
20 degrees Celsius
30 degrees Celsius
60 degrees Celsius
Resistance is measured in?
Name the component R1?
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Ex 3: Measuring Current Flow:
Ammeter
a) Build the circuit to show how the current increases as the
Resistance decreases
b) Current flow is measured in?
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Ex 4 : Measuring Voltage:
Voltmeter
Vo
Measuring Voltage – Demonstrates how a multimeter can be used
to measure the voltage level ( or potential difference) between two
points in a circuit.
a) Build the circuit and adjust the light sensor (R2) to see how the
resistance shown in the multimeter (voltmeter) changes accordingly.
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Ex 5: Series Circuits:
a) Build the circuits shown above and test to light the bulbs
b) Note what happens to the output of each bulb when more bulbs are added?
c) Draw these circuit diagrams in your folder
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Parallel Circuits:
A
B
Ex 6: Parallel Circuits – shows several bulbs in parallel.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Build each of the circuits shown and test.
Explain what would happen if BL 2 fused in circuit A ?
Explain what would happen if BL3 fused in circuit B?
Draw these circuit diagrams in your folder and explain how they work?
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Ex 7: LED-Light Emitting Diode
‘on’
‘off’
a)
b)
c)
d)
Build the circuit above using Livewire and test!
Draw this circuit in your folder
Explain how this circuit works?
Explain the purpose of R1 in the circuit?
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Ex 8: A Flashing LED
Flashing LED
+
_
a) Build and test the circuit shown
b) Draw this circuit diagram in your folder
c) Give one practical use for this circuit?
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Ex 9: Dimmer Switch
Using a Variable Resistor
a) Build the circuit shown and test
b) Explain the function of the Variable Resistor?
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Ex 10: Potential Difference
Voltmeter
a) Build the potential divider as shown and use the multimeter to see
what happens when the push-to-make switch is pressed?
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Ex 11: Time Delay
Voltmeter
Voltage Out
a) Build the circuit as shown and time how long it takes the capacitor
to fully charge?
b) Check how long it takes Vo to reach two thirds the supply voltage =
‘time constant’
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Capacitors:
A Capacitor stores electric
charge. It consists of two
plates separated by an
insulator called the dielectric.
The charge stored depends
on the size of the capacitor
and the voltage applied to it.
The unit of capacitance, the
farad, is very large and most
capacitors you will use are
likely to be measured in
microfarads (F) and nanofarads
(nF).
Axial electrolytic
capacitor
Radial
electrolytic
capacitor
Polyester film
capacitor
Ceramic
disc
capacitor
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When the switch is
closed, a current flows
into the capacitor until it is
full. If R is a resistor with a
high resistance the
current flows slowly,
and if it is a resistor of
low value the current
flows quickly. Compare
this with water from a tap
filling a basin. The amount
of water flowing into the
basin is altered depending
on whether the tap is fully
open or almost closed.
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Ex 11 (b): Capacitors
Build the circuit as shown press and
hold SW1 and test how long it takes
for the voltage meter to reach 9V using:a) R1 = 1K
b) R1 = 10K
c) R1 = 100K
Time constant (sec) = C (farads) X R (ohms)
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Volts
Time Constant
When the switch is
closed and the capacitor
starts to charge, the
voltage output can be
monitored using a
voltmeter. To start with
the voltmeter will show
0V, increasing to 9V
when the capacitor is
fully charged. A graph
can be plotted of the
voltage output against the
time taken.
10 SupplyVoltage
8
6
4
2
t
Time (seconds)
The first part of
the graph is
almost a straight
line, which then
curves and tails
off as it takes
longer and longer
to fill the capacitor.
The time taken to
reach two thirds of
the supply voltage
is called the time
constant and can
be calculated
using the formula:
Time constant (sec) = C (farads) X R (ohms)
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The Transistor
Transistors are
semiconductor devices.
This means that they have
a resistance to the flow of
electrons – current.
However they become
conductors if a small
voltage is provided across
two of the legs – the base
and the emitter.
Collector (c)
Base (b)
Emitter (e)
Symbol for the n-p-n transistor
You can use the transistor as a high speed switch if a small voltage of
0.6 – 1.6V is applied to the base leg as shown below
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The Potential Divider
Water Pipe Analogy:
X
X
B
B
Y
Y
Extracted from Making Things Work Ken shooter & John Saxton
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Ex 12: Potential Divider
In the light the voltage between the
base and the emitter leg of the
transistor is 657mV or 0.65V. For this
transistor the voltage is not enough to
switch it on – therefore the bulb
remains off.
In the darkness the voltage between the
base and the emitter leg of the
transistor is 739mV or 0.739V. This
voltage is high enough to switch on the
transistor – therefore the bulb is
switched on.
a) Build the circuit shown and test
b) Draw the circuit in your folder and
explain how it works?
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Ex 12 (b):
Convert this Circuit Design
to a PCB Layout using PCB
Wizard
Livewire
PCB Wizard
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Dark Sensor
Transistor
The Transistor
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Ex 13 Dark Sensor: Circuit 4 from 112 Circuit Designs –
TIP 121
M. Lynch
TIP 121
Light level low LED will be ‘on’
a) Build this circuit and test
b) Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard
c) Draw the circuit diagram in your workbook and explain how it works?
Technology Education Centre 05.
M. Lynch
Circ4.avi
BCE
Ex 14: Dark Sensor
a) Draw the Circuit Diagram from the PCB Track Layout shown and test.
b) After listening to the commentary briefly explain how this circuit works
in your own words?
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Ex. 14 (c) Light Sensor: Circuit 5 from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch
Light level low the LED will be ‘off’
Light level high the LED will be ‘on’
c) Build this circuit and test.
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M. Lynch
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http:// www.technologypupil.com
http:// www.technologystudent.com
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Aroma Fan: a Suggested Year 10 Project
aroma oil dropped on foam
foam?
dowel?
Fan
pine box
555 timer circuit
fan ‘on’ for a set time?
Solar 3v motor
Powered by a dry
Cell battery
Design Activity: Design a decorative platform for the top of the box to
accommodate the flower petals NB: Refresher oils is to be added to these petals.
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Ideas for the box top Butterfly / Ladybird
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Circuit 37 555 (On for a period) from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch
Ex 15:
a) Build the circuit design and test
b) Explain how this circuit works
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M. Lynch
Ex 15:
c) Listen to the commentary and explain in your own words how
this circuit works?
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Circuit 38 555 (Off for a period) from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch
Ex 16:
a) Build the circuit design and test
b) Explain how this circuit works
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M. Lynch
Ex 16:
c) Listen to the commentary and explain in your own words how
this circuit works?
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Circuit 44 555 Astable from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch
Ex 17:
a) Build the circuit design and test.
b) Convert this circuit using PCB Wizard to a PCB layout
Technology Education Centre 05.
M. Lynch
Ex 17:
b) Listen to the commentary and explain in your own words how
this circuit works?
Technology Education Centre 05.
Suggested GCSE Projects
Using 555 IC:
Monostable / Astable
Monostable
A Hazard or Warning Sign
An Egg Timer
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GCSE Suggested Projects;
Why not a ‘Bicycle Lights’ Theme?
A Bicycle Hazard Light
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GCSE Suggested Projects;
A Suggested GCSE Project – ‘Bike Indicators’
555 Astable Circuit
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GCSE Suggested Projects;
A Potential Divider circuit driving
a 555 Monostable.
A Desktop Fan Design
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GCSE Suggested Projects;
A 555 Monostable / Astable
GCSE Project: A Computer
Controlled Teleporter
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Circuit 59 555 Bike Indicators from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch
Ex 18:
a) Build the circuit design and test.
b) Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard
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Bicycle Indicators circuit design
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Circuit 74 Majority Decision from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch
Ex 19:
a) Build the circuit design and test.
b) Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard
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Circuit 17 555 Heat Sensor (Operational Amplifier) from 112 Circuit Designs
Ex 20:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Build the circuit design and test
Adjust the thermistor and record the temperature that operates the motor/fan?
With VR1 set at 1K what temperature operates the motor/fan?
Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard
Technology Education Centre 05.
Circuit 50 555 Chaser from 112 Circuit Designs
Ex 21:
a) Build the circuit design and test
b) Adjust VR1 to see the effect on the LED’s
c) Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard
Technology Education Centre 05.
Logic Levels:
Ex 22:
a) Build the logic decade counter circuit design and test
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DPDT: Double Pole Double Throw Switch:
Ex 23:
a) Build the DPDT circuit design and test
b) Explain the electron flow around this circuit?
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DPDT: Double Pole Double Throw Switch:
Ex 24:
a) Build the DPDT circuit design and test using Live wire
b) Sketch this circuit in your note book
c) Explain how this circuit works?
Technology Education Centre 05.
Circuit 11 Light Sensing (Operational Amplifier) from 112 Circuit Designs
SW 1
9V
D1
R3
R5
RLA1
R1
12V
LED
0V
R4
OP -AMP
R2
T IP 1 2 1
VR1
0V
Ex 25:
a) Model the Light Sensing circuit and test using the Live Wire
b) Sketch this circuit in your note book
c) Listen to the commentary an explain how this circuit works?
Technology Education Centre 05.
Circuit 11 Light Sensing (Operational Amplifier) from 112 Circuit Designs
IC1 CA 3140E
Op Amp
Ex 25:
a) Model the Light Sensing circuit and test using the Live Wire
b) Sketch this circuit in your note book
c) Listen to the commentary and explain how this circuit works?
Technology Education Centre 05.
Circuit 11 Light Sensing (Operational Amplifier) from 112 Circuit Designs
M. Lynch
Ex 25:
Listen to the commentary to understand how the circuit works?
Technology Education Centre 05.
PCB Wizard
www. new-wave-concepts.com
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Ex: 22 Draw the simple circuit design using PCB Wizard
Potential Divider; Transistor Switching Circuit:
unpopulated
normal
Real World
prototype
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Ex: 22 Circuit design auto route to PCB Layout:
PCB Wizard V3
Live Wire
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Control Studio
www. new-wave-concepts.com
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Systems
Analogue Signal
a) Join the switch unit and
connector as shown
b) Record what happens
when the switch unit is
pressed then press F9
Digital Signal
c) Connect the Light Sensor to the
Sensor unit as shown and move the
slider up and down. What happens?
Page 9.
Technology Education Centre 05.
Input
Switches
a) Construct the circuit diagram below:-
b) Try pressing the switch. Does the bulb turn off or on?
c) Look at the connector to the right of the switch is the signal
high or low when you press the switch?
d) Continue the exercises set out in pages 10 and 11
Page 10
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Input
Sensors
Page 13
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Input
Sensors
Page 13
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Input
Sensors
Page 14
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Design Task 34
Task 34:
a) Design the system using
Control Studio
b) Convert this design to a circuit
diagram using Livewire
c) Convert this design to a PCB
layout using PCB Wizard
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Task 34: Solution
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Task 34: Solution
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Task 31
Burglar Alarm;
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a)
b)
c)
d)
Build this circuit in Control Studio and test
Modify this circuit so that the light is latched once triggered
Convert this design to a circuit diagram in Livewire
Convert the circuit diagram to a PCB in Wizard
Technology Education Centre 05.
Task 31 Burglar Alarm;
Sensor Activated
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Task: __ Car Radiator Temperature Control:
Below is a system designed to monitor the temperature of a car radiator. When
the radiator temperature becomes too high the voltage from the temperature
sensor and sensor unit changes. The comparator detects this change in
voltage and activates the transducer. The transducer driver provides enough
power for the motor to operate, cooling the car radiator.
Technology Education Centre 05.
Task: __ Conveyor Belt System:
The diagram below shows a modular circuit and a conveyor belt system. The
circuit has a push switch which, when pressed, causes a solenoid to punch a
hole in a piece of card. The card travels across the conveyor belt, is punched
and then falls into a basket at the end of the belt.
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Reading Resistors:
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http:// www.electronic-circuits-diagrams.com/tutorials/rescalc.shtml
A useful aid when reading resistors!
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http:// www.cybersoftware.co.uk
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http://www.rapidelectronics.co.uk
Notes & data CD 94-1200 £2.95
Neon glow wire
This fabulous range of flexible neon glow wires are ideal for costume design, Christmas lighting and stage props,
not to mention the numerous safety uses at night! With continuous or strobing options, these products supply 20 hours
of continuous light or 60 hours of strobing, whilst remaining cool to the touch. Choose from pink, blue, yellow, violet or lime,
these products come complete with battery unit with belt clip, 2 x AA batteries, plus an ideas leaflet
Image gallery CD-ROM
94-0670
£4.99
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Jitterbugs
Useful Electronic Web Sites
http:// www.new-wave-concepts.com
http://www.crocodile-clips.com
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com
http://www.web-ee.com
http://www.quasarelectronics.com
http://www.howstuffworks.com
http:// www.electronic-circuits-diagrams.com
http:// www.discovercircuits.com
http:// www.cybersoftware.co.uk
http:// www.kpsec.freeuk.com
http:// www.technologystudent.com
http://www.rapidelectronics.co.uk
http:// www.design-technology.info/electronics/page9.htm
http://dmoz.org
R. Moffatt (Assistant Adviser for Technology & Design)
Technology Education Centre 05.