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STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAP. 3.3 & 3.4 – THE INNER AND OUTER PLANETS
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The four inner planets are ___________, __________, _________, and _______. They are inner planets
because they have solid surfaces and called _________ plants (earth or land planets).
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The five outer planets are _________, ________, __________, __________, and _______. They are
outer planets because all of them have surfaces are just _____ (“gas giants”) – except for Pluto which
has a solid surface.
- The outer planets atmospheres are mainly _______ and ________.
- They also have a large __________________ which keeps gases on the planet’s surface.
I. MERCURY
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The _________ of the terrestrial planets (not much larger than the moon) and closest to the sun.
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The interior is thought to be dense ________.
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Based on upon evidence gathered from the Mariner 10 probe, Mercury’s surface is covered with
________ and ________.
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It has no _________ and weak ________.
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It has the greatest temperature range than any other planet: _____ degrees Celsius during the day and
____ degrees Celsius at night.
II. VENUS
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Venus revolves around the sun in ____ Earth months but it takes __ Earth months for it to revolve
around its axis.
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Unlike most the planets and the moons, it rotates from ________________.
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Venus’ atmosphere is so thick with __________ and __________. It acts like a blanket. In other words,
the pressure of Venus’ atmosphere is ___ times greater than Earth’s.
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It also traps heat so Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system with an average surface temperature
of ___ degrees Celsius. This trapping of heat by gases is called the _____________.
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The Magellan probe showed that Venus’ surface is mainly ___ and active _____.
III. EARTH
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The Earth has three main layers – a crust, a mantle, and a core.
o The ______ is solid and rocky. It covers the mantle.
o The ______ is a layer of hot, molten rock. It covers the core.
o The _____ is mainly iron and nickel. It is important to note here that the outer core is liquid but
the inner core is solid.
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The Earth is unique in that _____ of it is water is at the surface. This has contributed to Earth’s surface
changing over time.
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It has a change of ___ seasons.
IV. MARS
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Mars’ surface is ____ rich. As a result, it gives Mars a reddish-color.
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Mars atmosphere is ____ carbon dioxide.
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The surface temperature on Mars ranges from _____ degrees Celsius to __ degrees Celsius.
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There is a theory that large amounts of water may have flowed on Mars’ surface in the long distance
past due to evidence of ___________ and ___________.
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There now, scientists have found __________ on the polar caps on Mars and water vapor (gas) in Mars’
atmosphere.
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Mars is known for its dust storms that can last up to ____ years.
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The largest volcano in the solar system is on Mars and it is called _____________.
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Mars has to moons - ______ (fear) and _______ (terror)
V. JUPITER
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Jupiter is the largest of all the planets. It is ____times bigger than all the planets combined.
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Jupiter is known for its famous ___________. The Great Red Spot is a _____ that is never-ending and
blows winds hundreds of kilometers per hour in strength.
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It is theorized that Jupiter’s has a dense core of _____ and _____. The core is surrounded by a liquid
mantle of hydrogen and helium.
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The pressure from Jupiter’s atmosphere is ___ millions greater than Earth’s.
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Jupiter has many moons but it is known for its main four: ________, _________, _________ and
_______.
VI. SATURN
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Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system and is known for the _______that surround the
planet. The rings are made of _____, _____, and ____.
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Saturn’s largest moon is _______ (it is larger than Mercury).
VII. URANUS
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Uranus is ___ bigger than Earth and has a _________ color to it. The blue-green color is due to the
presence of _________ in the atmosphere.
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It rotates on its axis once every ____hours. However, Uranus is titled at an angle of 90 degrees from
vertical. It looks like it is turning on its ________.
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It also has rings like Saturn and about ___ moons which range from icy surfaces to lava-flowing
surfaces.
VIII. NEPTUNE
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Neptune is a cold, blue planet and its atmosphere contains visible ________.
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It is theorized that Neptune is _________, which is causes its core to heat up and release heat.
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It has 13 moons and the largest moon is ______.
IX. PLUTO
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Pluto is the smallest and densest among the planets.
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It has one moon called ________.
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It takes Pluto _____ Earth years to orbit the sun just once.
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