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Home Groups: After learning about each category from the experts, match the following scenarios to the appropriate term using the word bank provided. Word bank: convergent evolution divergent evolution co-evolution punctuated equilibrium 1. Antarctica fish contain a glycoprotein molecule that circulates in their blood and keeps them from freezing. Certain kinds of worms that live in the Arctic ocean also make antifreeze proteins that help them live in icy water. 2. Ants are the correct size and weight needed to open the flowers for the peony plant. The peony plant provides food for the ant and the ant fertilizes the peony’s flowers 3. Horse evolution shows long stable periods of little evolution interrupted by brief periods of rapid change. 4. A kit fox lives in the desert and has large ears with greater surface area that keep the fox from getting overheated. The red fox lives in the forest and has a red coat that keeps it camouflaged. 5. Hummingbirds have a beak just the right length to reach the nectar in a cardinal flower and as they feed their foreheads bump into the pollen structure. Cardinal flowers are red which hummingbirds can see but bees can’t. Cardinal flower’s pollen structure is just the right length for the hummingbird to pick up pollen as it feeds. 6. Whales, sharks, and penguins all have streamlined bodies and fins/flippers for moving in water even though they belong in different classes of animals (mammals, fish, and birds). 7. The Galάpagos tortoises share a common ancestor, but have necks of different lengths to best reach the food they need in their environment. 8. Adaptive radiation is also known as _________________. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION 9. Abrupt appearance of new species in the fossil records PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM COEVOULTION PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM DIVERGENT EVOLUTION COEVOLUTION CONVERGENT EVOLUTION DIVERGENT EVOLUTION DIVERGENT EVOLUTION 10. The Galάpogos finches evolved through natural selection from a common ancestor into a wide variety of different looking species. DIVERGENT EVOLUTION 11. Ostriches (birds) and giraffes (mammals) are both native to the savannahs of Africa. They share the same characteristic of a very long neck. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION 12. The beaver in North America and the capybara in South America share a common ancestor, but have evolved over time to look different. DIVERGENT EVOLUTION 13. Ostriches are native to the savannahs of Africa, while penguins live in the polar regions. Although ostriches and penguins are closely-related, they look very different. 14. Bees don’t see red, but do see yellow, blue, and Ultra-violet light. Thus, beepollinated flowers are mostly yellow or blue with UV nectar guides (landing patterns) to guide the bee. They usually have a small, narrow floral tube to fit the tongue-length of that species of bee. DIVERGENT EVOLUTION COEVOLUTION Pre and Post Zygotic barriers: Word bank: geographic isolation behavioral isolation reduced hybrid viability ecological/habitat isolation temporal isolation mechanical isolation gametic isolation reduced hybrid fertility (hybrid sterility) hybrid breakdown Label each of your answers as “pre” or “post”. 15. Male fireflies of one species signal females of the same species by blinking BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION their lights in a specific pattern. Other firefly species have different patterns. 16. Sperm of one sponge species cannot penetrate the egg of a closely related GAMETIC ISOLATION species. 17. Mules – hybrid offspring between a horse and a donkey – are infertile. REDUCED HYBRID FERTILITY / HYBRID STERILITY 18. One species of garter snake is primary aquatic, and a closely related species HABITAT ISOLATION is primarily terrestrial. 19. Nearly all embryos die when eggs of a bullfrog are fertilized artificially with REDUCED HYBRID VIABILITY a sperm from a leopard frog. 20. Two cotton species produce fertile hybrids but the next generation is HYBRID BREAKDOWN infertile. 21. One species of spotted skunk mates in late summer, and another species TEMPORAL ISOLATION mates in late winter. 22. The copulatory organs of two insect species do not fit together. MECHANICAL ISOLATION 23. Some species of frogs in the genus Rana may interbreed, however the REDUCED HYBRID VIABILITY offspring usually do not complete development and those that do are frail. 24. In Cichlid fish, the second generation demonstrate lower viability than the HYBRID BREAKDOWN first generation and show a decreased survival rate. 25. Tapeworms are parasites that can be found in the intestines of different HABITAT ISOLATION mammals. 26. Different flowers may bloom at different times of the day which will TEMPORAL ISOLATION influence pollination. 27. Occasionally the pollen (sperm) of one flower is transferred to the stigma GAMETIC ISOLATION (female part) of another flower species. When the pollen comes in contact with a different species it will not germinate. 28. Black Sage flower accepts smaller bees for pollination. White Sage flower accommodates larger bees because of its longer petals and stamens (male parts). Smaller bees will not come in contact with the stamens of the White Sage flower. MECHANICAL ISOLATION