Download Sexually Transmitted Infections

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS
Unit 4 – Health Education
Sexually Transmitted Infections
 Sexually
transmitted infections (STIs), are among the most
common infections in the United States today.
 More than 20 STIs have now been identified
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate they
affect more than 19 million men and women in this country
each year.
STI-Most Common Infections
in US
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87% of all cases of infectious diseases in US are
sexually transmitted diseases
Sharpest increases in HPV (genital warts- not
curable) and trichomoniasis (protozoan)
Top 5 STDs
STI’s
Bacteria
Virus
Fungus
Small
animals (protozoans, lice)
General Information about STIs
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Nearly half of all STIs occur in young people 15 to 24 years
old.
Most of the time, STIs cause no symptoms, particularly in
women.
Even when an STI causes no symptoms, however, a person
who is infected may be able to pass the disease on to a sex
partner.
Health problems caused by STIs tend to be more severe and
more frequent for women than for men.
Cont.
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Some STIs can spread into the womb (uterus) and fallopian tubes to cause pelvic
inflammatory disease, which in turn is a major cause of both infertility and tubal
(ectopic) pregnancy.
STIs in women also may be associated with cervical cancer. One STI, human
papillomavirus infection, may cause genital warts and may lead to cervical and
other genital cancers.
STIs can be passed from a mother to her baby before, during, or immediately
after birth. Some of these infections of the newborn can be cured easily, but
others may cause life-long disabilities or death. Examples of these STIs are
gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes simplex, and HIV.
Some Factors that Increase the Spread
of STDs
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Asymptomatic
Fear of painful treatment or public disclosure
Failure to notify sexual contacts
High Risk behavior: anal intercourse, hooking up
Reduced use of condoms as birth control method
No vaccines
Evolution: New strains resistant to treatments
Multiple sex partners – HUBS
Lack of knowledge or concern
“Why do smart people do dumb things?”
Bacterial STDs
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Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Chancroid
Vaginosis
Chlamydia cont.
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Transmission
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Symptoms
About 70 percent of chlamydial infections have no symptoms,
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You can get chlamydia during oral or vaginal sexual contact with an
infected partner.
"silent" disease
Symptoms usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after you are infected.
Abnormal discharge (mucus or pus) from the vagina or penis or
experience pain while urinating. These early symptoms may be very
mild.
Chlamydia
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Chlamydia is a curable sexually transmitted infection
(STI)
Chlamydia is one of the most widespread bacterial
STIs in the United States. The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates 2.8 million
people are infected each year.
Chlamydia
-A disease that often presents no symptoms.
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Tops the list of the most
commonly reported
infections in the U.S.
It infects about 4 million
people annually in the
U.S.
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If left untreated, can
cause blindness.
If detected early, it is
easily treatable with
antibiotics.
Chlamydia (Secondary Damages)
Male
 Can suffer damage to the
prostate gland, seminal
vesicles, and the bulb
urethral gland.
 Arthritis
 Damage to the blood
vessels and heart.
Female
 Can cause harm to cervix or
fallopian tubes which can
lead to sterility.
 Damage to the inner pelvic
structure, leading to pelvic
inflammatory disease.
Chlamydia
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Treatment
If you are infected, your health care provider will probably give you a prescription
for an antibiotic such as azithromycin (taken for one day) or doxycycline (taken for 7
days).
Penicillin, which health care providers often use to treat some other STIs, won't cure
chlamydia.
Take all your medicine, even after symptoms disappear, for the amount of time
prescribed
Go to your health care provider again if your symptoms do not disappear within 1 to
2 weeks after finishing all your medicine
Not have sex until your treatment is completed and successful
Tell your sex partners that you have chlamydia so they can be tested and treated, if
necessary
GONORRHEA
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One of the most common STI’s in the U.S.
Primarily infects: lining of uterus, genital tract,
rectum.
It may be spread to the eyes or other body regions
via the hands or other body fluids.
Gonorrhea
Male symptoms
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White/milky discharge from
penis.
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Painful, burning urination.
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Fever
Female Symptoms
 Discharge from vagina.
 Burning sensation during
urination.
 Fever
 A woman can be unaware that
she has been infected and
that she is infecting her sexual
partners.
Syphilis
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40,000/year
PRIMARY SPHYHILIS
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SECONDARY SYPHILIS
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Chancre 3 weeks, red bump
Bump breaks, depression heals, no pain
Rash on body, feet and palms, painless
TERTIARY SYPHILIS
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3-40 years
Heart failure, liver damage, blindness
Ruptured blood vessels
Syphilis
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Typically is transferred through sexual contact, but may
enter the body through breaks in the skin, through deep
kissing or other transmission of body fluids.
Syphilis is called the “great imitator” because its
symptoms resemble those of several other infections.
If left untreated, it will progress through distinct stages.
Some people experience no symptoms at all!
Primary Syphilis (1st stage)
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Often characterized by the development of a
chancre, a sore at the site of initial infection.
Is dime sized and painless, but oozes with bacteria,
ready to infect an unsuspecting partner.
Appears 3-4 weeks after contact.
Secondary Syphilis
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Months to years after the chancre disappears, secondary
symptoms may appear including:
-Rash or white patches on the skin or on the mucus
membranes of the mouth, throat , or genitals.
-Hair loss
-Lymph nodes enlarge
-Slight fever or headache
-Sores around the mouth or genitals
Latent Syphilis
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Begins to invade body organs and symptoms of
infectious lesions may reappear periodically for 2-4
years after the secondary period.
Heart damage
Central nervous system damage
Blindness
Paralysis
Insanity
Viral STDs
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Herpes
Genital Warts (Human papillomavirus)
Hepatitis
Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome
Herpes
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Mouth, penis, vagina, anus, perineum
HSV (herpes simplex virus)
Oral and genital herpes
Blisters, teeming with viruses, spreads
Painful & flu-like symptoms
Relapses, resides in nervous system
Stress, sunburn, anxiety.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Genital warts. 5.5 million/year
Vagina, anus, penis, mouth, perineum, labia
100 types of viruses cause genital warts
Warts in 3 weeks, cauliflower appearance
Block urethra
Cervix, vagina, penis and anus cancer
Treatment: None. Cryotherapy. 30% recur
HPV - Genital Warts
Types
 Full-blown genital warts –
noticeable as tiny bumps or
growths.
 Flat warts- not usually visible to
the naked eye
Risks/Treatments
 Can grow and generate unsightly
flaps of irregular flesh on the
external genitalia.
 Usually disappear on their own.
 Treated with topical medications
or removed by freezing with
liquid nitrogen. Large warts may
require surgical removal.
Hepatitis
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Three types of viruses:
A: oral contact with contaminated food/water/sex
fluids/analingus. Can recover
 B: blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions and urine. No
symptoms. Vaccination
 C: blood. Sharing needles, anal intercourse. No vaccine
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Destroy liver, until then fatigue, nausea, diarrhea,
jaundice, dark uriine
HERPES
Genital Herpes
 Infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
 Can infect any area of the body, producing lesions (sores)
in and around the vaginal area, penis, anal opening,
buttocks, or thighs.
 HSV remains in nerve cells for life, it can flare up or cause
symptoms when the body’s immune system is weakened.
HERPES (phases)
Prodromal Phase
 Characterized by burning sensation and redness at the size of
infection
Second Phase
 A blister filled with clear fluid containing the virus forms. If you
break the blister, you may spread this fluid with your fingers,
lipstick, lip balm, etc., you can also auto inoculate other body
parts.
 If spread to the eyes it can cause blindness
HERPES (prevention)
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NO CURE for herpes at present time, certain drugs can
reduce symptoms.
Avoid any form of kissing if you notice a sore or blister on
your partner’s mouth.
Wash your hand immediately with soap or water after
any forms of sexual contact.
If you have questionable sores or lesions, seek medical
help immediately.
Fungal & Small Animal STDs
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Fungus: Candidiasis
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Small Animals
 Trichomoniasis
 Pubic
Lice
 Scabies (mite)
PUBIC LICE (a.k.a. “Crabs”)
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Small parasites that are usually transmitted during sexual
contact.
More irritating STI, moves easily from partner to partner
during sex.
They have an affinity for pubic hair, attaching themselves
to the base of these hairs, where they deposit their eggs.
One to two weeks later, the eggs develop into mature
cells that migrate to other body parts, thus perpetuating
the cycle.
Pubic Lice
Other forms of transmission:
 Can catch pubic lice from lying on sheets that an infected person has slept on.
 Sleeping in hotels and dormitory rooms where sheets are not washed regularly
will put you at risk.
 Also sitting on toilet seats where the larvae have been dropped and lie and
wait for a new carrier will put you at risk.
Treatment:
-washing clothing, furniture, linens that may hold the eggs.
-takes 2-3 weeks to kill al larval forms.