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Athens: Some Finds from the Agora (Market Area) And Kerameikos (Cemetery Area) [of religious interest] CLST 4003 H. Spring, 2002 Daniel Levine. January 31, 2002 Athens. View Across Agora (marketplace) towards Temple of Hephaistos from Stoa (portico) of Attalos. Athens. Agora (marketplace). Monument of the Eponymous Heroes, named for each tribe. Athens, Agora. Reconstruction of Monument of the Eponymous Heroes (tribal namesakes). Athens, Agora. Site of the crossroads shrine, with sacred well and walled enclosure. Perhaps Leokoreion. The Daughters of Leos were sacrificed to save the city at a time of plague or famine. Many votives are appropriate for female deity or deities (gold jewelry, loom weights, knucklebones). Crossroads Enclosure. Athens Agora. Sacred Well in foreground. Depth: 13.45 m. Perhaps sacred to Nymphs. 650 votives: small squat lekythoi mostly, but also gold jewelry, inscribed knucklebones, miniature votive pots: 4th-2nd centuries BCE. Athens. Agora. NW corner of Agora ca. 400 BCE. Crossroads enclosure in center. To left is “Royal Stoa” (Stoa of the “King Archon”). Upper right: Painted Stoa. Top: Altar of Aphrodite Ourania. Crossroads Enclosure interior, showing masses of broken votive pottery as found. Ca. 360 objects were removed, including lekythoi (oil jars), drinking cups, loom weights, knucklebones, gilded pebbles. None inscribed, so identity of deity is unknown. Thought to be Leokoreion, which dated to 6th century BC, “75 years before there was any sign of cult activity around the crossroads enclosure.” (J. Camp) Athens. Kerameikos (“potters’ quarter”), site of the polis’ cemetery. Grave monuments as they might have been arranged in the Classical period. “Street of the Tombs,” mostly dating to 4th cent. BCE. Athens. Kerameikos (Cemetery). Grave of Demetria and Pamphile (sisters). One of last grave monuments made before the law against luxurious grave monuments enacted by Demetrios of Phaleron ca. 317/307 BCE. Women’s names written below pediment. Pamphile seated, and is probably the deceased here, but Pamphile was also dead. Another grave monument 20 years earlier names both sisters, where Demetria was seated, and clasps the hand of standing Pamphile. Athens. Kerameikos. Tomb of the Lacedaimonians (Spartans). Inscriptions on upper Course. Spartan officers died 403 BCE, fighting with “30 Tyrants” against Athenian democrats. (Xenophon Hellenica 2.4. 28-33). Xenophon gives names Chairion, Tribrachos, and Lakrates. The first 2 names appear on top right. 13 skeletons inside, with wounds. Reconstuction of Tomb of the Lacedaemonians. (403 BCE). A. Kubanek. The inscribed block on the top course was originally 11 meters long and ran along the whole length of the front wall. It read “LAKEDAIMONIOI” (Spartans). The letters were written from right to left on the inscription, perhaps anticipating that people coming from the country would see it as they entered the city. Grave goods from tombs in the Kerameikos Cemetery. Kerameikos Museum. Athens. Note lekythoi (oil jars), toys, astragaloi (knucklebones) and strigils (scrapers). Many children’s tombs were there. Kioniskoi (little columns) . Grave monuments of the hellenistic and early imperial (Roman) periods. Simple monuments with only the names of the deceased, the father’s name, and place of origin. Replaced the luxurious and expensive monuments of the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. Athens. Kerameikos. Athens. Kerameikos Museum. Kioniskoi. Funerary Markers from Hellenistic and Roman period.