Download the skeletal system

9/12/2011
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Bones and Movement
• Bones make it possible
for our bodies to
move.
• Without them our
bodies would be just a
giant sac of water and
mush.
• They form the frame
of our body, just like
beams and boards form the
framework of a house.
BONES
• There are 206 bones
in the normal adult.
• Bones are the
supportive
framework of the
body.
• Bones may be long,
short, flat, or
irregular in shape.
BONE TISSUE
1. Compact Bone
• found in shaft or
diaphysis on long
bone.
• Provides strength
• Periosteum
–
–
–
covers the compact
bone
supplies blood and
cells for growth
BONES HAVE FIVE
FUNCTIONS
1 Support and give general shape to
the body.
2 Protect organs ie: heart, lungs,
brain, etc…
3 Movement: Provide anchors for
the muscles.
4 Storage of minerals, collagen and
energy (fat in yellow marrow)
5 Produce red blood cells within the
cavity of long bones.
BONE TISSUE
2. Cancellous Bone –
spongy bone
• being less dense
than compact bone.
• Provides shock
absorption required
at end of long
bones or edges of
irregular bones.
• Red marrow
– Red blood cells
• Yellow marrow
– Fat storage
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COLLAGEN
STORAGE OF MINERALS
• Bone tissue mineral
storage sight for health
• Main minerals –
CALCIUM, phosphorus,
sodium and potassium
• Bone tissue maintenance
TYPES OF BONES
• What is Collagen???
- Central ingredient providing compact bone
rigidity and tensile strength.
- Fibres stronger than steel when under
tension
- Withstand compression but shatter when
twisted, bended or sudden impact occurs.
TYPES OF BONES
3. Sesamoid Bones – small
bones developed in tendons
around some joints (e.g.) the
patella at the knee joint.
4. Flat Bones – flat areas for
muscle attachment (e.g.)
scapula, ribs, sternum and
skull
5. Irregular Bones – have no
regular shape characteristics,
(e.g.) vertebrae and bones of
face.
1. SHORT BONES –
cubical, same width
and length, (e.g.)
carpals of wrist and
tarsal's of foot.
2. Long Bones – longer
than they are wide,
hollow shaft
containing marrow.
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
• HOLLOW CENTRE –
ALLOWS SPINAL CORD TO
TRAVEL. CONTROLLER OF
MVMT
• MOVEMENT – as whole great
allowing bending and twisting.
Between two limited.
• SIGHT of good posture linked to
strong muscles to assist.
AXIAL
SKELETON
Contains;
Skull
Ribs
Vertebral column
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APPENDICULAR
SKELETON
Joints
Contains;
•“Appendages”
•Pelvic girdle (hips)
•Shoulder girdle
•Arms
•Legs
• The place where two
bones meet is called a
joint.
• A joint can be movable
like the bones in our arms
or legs.
• A joint can also be
immovable like the
joints in the adult skull.
What holds bones together?
• Ligaments join and
hold bones together.
What connects muscles & bones?
• Tendons join and
hold bones together.
• It is soft tissue that is
elastic and strong.
• It is soft tissue that is
elastic and strong.
• A sprain is an injury,
in which a ligament
gets torn or damaged.
• A strain is an injury,
in which a tendon or
muscle gets torn or
damaged.
The Bones of the Head
• The head is made of
numerous bones.
• The cranium is made
of many bones and
protects the brain.
• The jaw bone is called
the mandible
The Bones of the Main Body
• The collar bone is
known as the clavicle.
• The rib cage is made
up of many rib bones.
• The rib cage is joined
to the spinal column at
the back.
• The breast bone is
known as the sternum.
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Back bones and Hips
• The back bone is made
of many bones called
vertebrae. (“Vertebra”,
singular.)
• The vertebrae are stacked
one on top of the other
into a column called the
vertebral column.
• The bones of the hip
area are called the
pelvis
Bones of the Hand
• Our finger bones are
called phalanges.
The Major Bones of the Arm
• The upper arm has
one large bone called
the HUMERUS.
• The lower arm has two
bones, the radius and
the ulna.
• The radius radiates or
rotates around the ulna
The Major Bones of the Leg
• The upper leg has one
bone called the femur.
It is the largest bone of the body.
• The tiny bones near
the wrist joint are
called carpals
• The metacarpals are
the frame of the palm.
The Bones of the Foot
• The tiny bones near
the ankle bone are
called the tarsals
• The bones of the arch
are called metatarsals.
• The bones of the toes
are called phalanges.
• The patella is the knee
cap.
• The lower leg has two
bones, the tibia and
the fibula.
• The tibia is your shin
bone.
Major Bones of the Body
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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•
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CRANIUM,
MANDIBLE
CLAVICLE,
STERNUM
RIBS
VERTEBRAE
PELVIS
HUMERUS
RADIUS, ULNA
CARPALS, METACARPALS,
PHALANGES
FEMUR, PATELLA
TIBIA, FIBULA
TARSALS, METATARSALS,
PHALANGES
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In Summary...
• 206 bones form the frame of
our body.
• They provide support and
give general shape to our
bodies.
• They protect our organs.
• Blood cells are made in the
marrow of bones.
• They provide anchors for
muscles so that we can
move.
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