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Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School, Marietta, GA A View of Egypt by Satellite The Fertile Nile Valley The Annual Flooding of the Nile Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf Nile River Flows south to north Southern Region of Egypt: Upper Egypt Northern Region of Egypt: Lower Egypt Without the Nile, Egyptian civilization would not exist Ancient Egyptian History Periods Time Frame Nile Culture Begins Archaic Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom 3900 B. C. E. 3100 – 2650 B. C. E. 2650 – 2134 B. C. E. 2040 – 1640 B. C. E. 1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period Greek Ptolemaic Era 750 – 332 B. C. E. 332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E. Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt c. 3050 B. C. Old Kingdom: Age of the Pharaohs 2700-2200 B.C • Pharaohs: (Great House) Egyptian rulers who were the religious and political leaders of united ancient Egypt (King of the Two Lands) considered to be gods in human form. “Phashionable” Pharaoh fFake Beard, Nemes Headdress, and ornate Kilt Khufu (Cheops): Builder of Great Pyramid at Giza • Khufu Giza Pyramid Complex Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu Middle Kingdom: “The Age of People” :2100-1640 B.C. • Age of peace and construction • Built irrigation canals and storage ponds • Israelites moved to Egypt Hyksos Invade Egypt • “Ruler of Foreign Lands” • Came from Syria or Palestine • Egyptians learned the art of war from the Hyksos • Hyksos introduced horses, chariots, and bronzed weapons • Hyksos driven out of Egypt and pushed back to Asia Minor by 1570 B.C. Egyptian War Chariot New Kingdom 1570-1075 B.C. • Egypt became a world power • Expansion of Egypt to greatest territorial control • Most recognized names in Ancient Egypt reigned during period • Upper Egypt became more important: capital moved to Thebes in the South from Memphis Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankhamon 1336-1327 B. C. E. Thutmose III 1504-1450 B. C. E. Rameses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. New Kingdom Pharaohs • Thutmose III: “Napoleon of Egypt.” Greatest Egyptian warrior king. Egypt conquered Palestine and Syria • Moses most likely fled from him • Rameses II: Egypt undertook a massive temple and monument building campaign • King Tut: 18 year old King who is reknown for the treasures found in his in-tact tomb by Howard Carter. Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922) King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask 1336-1327 B. C. E. King Tutankhamon Treasures From Tut’s Tomb King Tutankhamun’s Tomb Other Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Hatshepsut Akhenaten Amenhotep II • Famous Pharaohs • Hatshepsut: first great woman ruler of Egypt. Peaceful rule whose reign experienced vibrant trade with other nations. • Amenhotep II: pharaoh who refused to allow the Israelites to leave Egypt until after the 10 plagues. Perished in the Red Sea when he and his troops followed the fleeing Israelites. Ankhenaton: First Monotheist? 1352-1336 B. C. E. The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life Making Ancient Egyptian Beer Making Ancient Egyptian Wine An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves” Mirror Perfume Whigs Egyptian Social Hierarchy Egyptian Nobility Egyptian Priestly Class Egyptian Scribe Papyrus Paper Hieratic Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 What number is this? Champollion & the Rosetta Stone Hieroglyphic “Cartouche” Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols Egyptian Creation Myth The Goddess Nut Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus Amon-Re: Amon-Ra (Sun god) Preparations for the Underworld ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather. Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit Materials Used in Mummification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Linen Sawdust Lichen Beeswax Resin 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Natron Onion Nile Mud Linen Pads Frankinsense Preparation for the Afterlife Egyptian Mummies Seti I 1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Journey to the Underworld The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.” A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb. Egyptian Book of the Dead The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara “Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu The Valley of the Kings The Valley of the Queens 1473-1458 B. C. E. Temple of Queen Hatshepsut Queen Nefertiti