Download The Ancient Egyptians - Sire`s Ancient History

Mr. Marston
Dominion Christian High School,
Marietta, GA
A View of Egypt by Satellite
The Fertile Nile Valley
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
Nile River
Flows south to north
Southern Region of Egypt: Upper Egypt
Northern Region of Egypt: Lower Egypt
Without the Nile, Egyptian civilization
would not exist
Ancient Egyptian History
Periods
Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
Archaic
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
3900 B. C. E.
3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period
Greek Ptolemaic Era
750 – 332 B. C. E.
332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period
30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Menes:
Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C.
Old Kingdom: Age of the
Pharaohs 2700-2200 B.C
• Pharaohs: (Great House) Egyptian
rulers who were the religious and
political leaders of united ancient
Egypt (King of the Two Lands)
considered to be gods in human form.
“Phashionable” Pharaoh
fFake Beard, Nemes
Headdress, and ornate
Kilt
Khufu (Cheops): Builder of
Great Pyramid at Giza
• Khufu
Giza Pyramid Complex
Plan of the Great Pyramid
of Khufu
Middle Kingdom: “The Age of
People” :2100-1640 B.C.
• Age of peace and construction
• Built irrigation canals and storage
ponds
• Israelites moved to Egypt
Hyksos Invade Egypt
• “Ruler of Foreign Lands”
• Came from Syria or Palestine
• Egyptians learned the art of war from
the Hyksos
• Hyksos introduced horses, chariots,
and bronzed weapons
• Hyksos driven out of Egypt and
pushed back to Asia Minor by 1570
B.C.
Egyptian War Chariot
New Kingdom 1570-1075 B.C.
• Egypt became a world power
• Expansion of Egypt to greatest
territorial control
• Most recognized names in Ancient
Egypt reigned during period
• Upper Egypt became more important:
capital moved to Thebes in the South
from Memphis
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E.
Rameses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
New Kingdom Pharaohs
• Thutmose III: “Napoleon of Egypt.”
Greatest Egyptian warrior king. Egypt
conquered Palestine and Syria
• Moses most likely fled from him
• Rameses II: Egypt undertook a massive
temple and monument building campaign
• King Tut: 18 year old King who is reknown
for the treasures found in his in-tact tomb
by Howard Carter.
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E.
King Tutankhamon
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Other Famous Egyptian
Pharaohs
Hatshepsut Akhenaten Amenhotep II
• Famous Pharaohs
• Hatshepsut: first great woman ruler
of Egypt. Peaceful rule whose reign
experienced vibrant trade with other
nations.
• Amenhotep II: pharaoh who refused
to allow the Israelites to leave Egypt
until after the 10 plagues. Perished
in the Red Sea when he and his troops
followed the fleeing Israelites.
Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?
1352-1336 B. C. E.
The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life
Ancient Egyptian Housing
Middle Class
Homes
Peasant
Homes
Scenes of Ancient Egyptian
Daily Life
Making Ancient Egyptian Beer
Making Ancient Egyptian Wine
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
Mirror
Perfume
Whigs
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Egyptian Nobility
Egyptian Priestly Class
Egyptian Scribe
Papyrus  Paper
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Papyrus Plant
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
1
10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Egyptian Creation Myth
The Goddess Nut
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:
“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Osiris
Isis
Horus
Amon-Re: Amon-Ra (Sun god)
Preparations for the Underworld
ANUBIS weighs the dead
person’s heart against a
feather.
Priests protected your
KA, or soul-spirit
Materials Used in Mummification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Linen
Sawdust
Lichen
Beeswax
Resin
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Natron
Onion
Nile Mud
Linen Pads
Frankinsense
Preparation for
the Afterlife
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I
1291-1278 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Journey to the Underworld
The dead travel on
the “Solar Bark.”
A boat for the
journey is provided
for a dead pharaoh
in his tomb.
Egyptian Book of the Dead
The Final Judgement
Anubis
Horus
Osiris
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
The Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Queens
1473-1458 B. C. E.
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
Queen
Nefertiti