Download Chapter 07 Terrestrial Ecology

7.
Terrestrial Ecology
7.1.
Introduction
This chapter describes terrestrial flora and fauna values of the Project site, potential impacts on those values
and suggested mitigation strategies. In assessing the terrestrial ecology of the Project site, the assessment
considered a wider Study Area (‘the Study Area’), which includes the Project site and its vicinity. The tasks
and objectives of the assessment were to:

consult with relevant State agencies to obtain existing information;

review relevant background information and data;

complete a field survey program to census terrestrial flora and fauna communities within the Project site,
with an emphasis on targeted searches for rare or threatened species potentially present;

compile a description of the vegetation assemblages and fauna habitats of the Study Area, including an
inventory of species recorded in the Study Area;

confirm the occurrence of rare or threatened flora and fauna species within the Study Area (as listed
under Commonwealth and Stage legislation);

confirm the extent of remnant native vegetation occurring within the Study Area; assess the potential
impact of the Project on rare and threatened species, ecological communities and Regional Ecosystems
(RE) in the context of relevant legislation, in particular the Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act) and Vegetation
Management Act 1999 (VM Act); and

provide recommendations for measures to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on significant terrestrial
flora and fauna at the design, construction and operational phases of the Project.
7.2.
Legislation
The key biodiversity and nature conservation legislation and policy relevant to the Project is described below.
7.2.1.
Commonwealth Legislation
The EPBC Act prescribes the Commonwealth’s role in environmental assessment, biodiversity conservation
and the management of protected areas. Under the environmental provisions of the EPBC Act, actions that
are likely to have a significant impact on a Matter of National Environmental Significance (NES) are identified
as “controlled actions” and cannot be undertaken without approval under the EPBC Act.
The Project was referred to the Commonwealth Minister for Department of Environment, Water, Heritage,
and the Arts (DEWHA) in April 2007. The Proponent nominated the Project as a “controlled action” under
Section 75 of the EPBC Act on the basis of its potential impact on listed threatened species and
communities. In May 2007, the DEWHA determined the Project to be a controlled action. During November
2008, NAC submitted a ‘project variation’ to the DEWHA to ensure project details were consistent with the
new life of mine plan produced for the Project during early-mid 2008. The DEWHA accepted NAC’s project
variation during December 2008. The DEWHA will assess the Project under the Bilateral Agreement and in
accordance with the Queensland impact assessment process. A description of the impact of the Project on
the seven Matters of NES is presented in Table 7-1.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-1
Table 7-1 Impact of the Project on Matters of National Environmental Significance
Matter of NES
Impact of Project
World Heritage Properties
There are no World Heritage Properties within the Project
site.
National Heritage Places
There are no National heritage places within the Project
site.
Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar wetlands)
There are no listed Ramsar wetlands located within close
proximity to the Project site.
Threatened Ecological Communities
Two listed Threatened Ecological Communities are found
within the Project site – Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla)
dominated and co-dominated community and bluegrass
communities. A suite of offset strategies are proposed to
mitigate impacts on these communities.
Listed Threatened Species
Four listed threatened flora species have been identified
in the Project site: lobed blue-grass (Bothriochloa biloba),
Austral cornflower (Stemmacantha australis), finger panic
grass (Digitaria porrecta) and Belson’s panic (Homopholis
belsonii). Mitigation strategies have been developed for
these species.
One listed threatened fauna species (Grey-headed Flyingfox Pteropus poliocephalus) has been identified within the
vicinity of the Project site.
Migratory Species
One listed migratory species has been identified on the
Project site, the Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis).
This species is relatively common and widespread across
the regional landscape, and the Project site is not
considered to have a significant impact on this species, its
habitat or breeding/feeding resources.
Commonwealth Marine Areas
There are no Commonwealth marine areas located in the
vicinity of the Project site.
Commonwealth Lands and Heritage Places
There are no Commonwealth lands or heritage places
located within the Project site, except for a small parcel of
land, 10 m x10 m, housing a navigational aid used by the
Oakey Army Airbase. The small parcel of Commonwealth
land, Lot 1 on RP859799, within the Project area does not
possess any specific issues in relation to matters of NES.
Places on the Register of the National Estate (RNE)
There are no places listed on the RNE located within the
Project site.
State and Territory Reserves
There are no State or Territory Reserves within the
Project site.
Nuclear Action
The Project does not involve any nuclear actions.
7.2.2.
Queensland Legislation
The NC Act provides for the conservation and management of Queensland’s native animal and plants. The
NC Act prohibits the taking or destruction, without authorisation, of certain listed flora and fauna species.
The Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 (NCWR) lists the plants and animals considered
presumed extinct, endangered, vulnerable, rare, common, international and prohibited. It states the declared
management intent and the principles to be observed in any taking of or destruction for each group.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-2
The Land Protection (Stock and Pest Route Management) Act 2002 and the Land Protection (Pest and
Stock Route Management) Regulation 2003 provides for pest management in Queensland.
The VM Act regulates the clearing of mapped remnant vegetation on freehold and leasehold land in
Queensland. For the purposes of assessing significant projects, the VM Act is supported by the Regional
Vegetation Management Code for Southeast Queensland Bioregion (RVMC) and Policy for Vegetation
Offsets (the Offset Policy). A mining activity or a petroleum activity as defined under the Environmental
Protection Act 1994 is exempt from assessment under this Code on all land tenures through Schedule 8 of
the Integrated Planning Act 1997 (RVMC 2006).
The Nature Conservation (Koala) Conservation Plan 2006 (the ‘Koala Plan’) provides for the conservation of
Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in Queensland and includes provisions for the assessment and management
of Koalas during the development approval processes and implementation of projects. Differentiated levels
of provisions apply to the three different Koala areas that have been delineated across Queensland. The
Project is situated in Koala District C. Koala District C is the described in Schedule 1, Section 3 of the Koala
Plan’ which comprises 77 local government authorities where Koalas are found. Although there is evidence
of decline in this district, Koalas are classified as ‘least concern’ wildlife under the NC Act in this area due to
a generally lower perceived threat to their survival (EPA & QPWS 2006).
7.3.
Previous Flora and Fauna Studies in the Acland Locality
There have been a number of flora and fauna surveys conducted over the last 11 years within the Project
area. These surveys provide background to the species and vegetation communities found with the Project
area. A brief summary of the findings of these surveys is presented below.
7.3.1.
Flora and Fauna Studies 1997-1998
Flora and fauna field surveys of the Project site were initially completed in 1998 and 1999. These previous
flora studies were reported in the Acland Project Feasibility Study (Woodward Clyde, 1997) and Draft Impact
Assessment Statement, Acland Mine, Power Station and Water Supply (Ison Environmental Planners, 1999).
These surveys recorded a reasonable diversity of flora and fauna species present within the Project site, but
no species of conservation significance were observed at that time.
7.3.2.
Stage 2 EIS Targeted Surveys
A targeted field survey concentrating on species of conservation significance was completed for the New
Acland Stage 2 EIS in 2005 (Stage 2 EIS). The methodology was formulated based on the results of a
literature review and gap analysis, review of relevant databases and agency consultation.
Fauna survey techniques included Elliott trapping, ANABAT II ultrasonic bat call recording, spotlighting,
habitat searches, dip nets for aquatic life, and bird surveys at dusk and dawn. Opportunistic surveys were
also made for fauna species.
Vegetation types for the Stage 2 EIS were identified during field inspections conducted in 2005. In each of
the habitat types, flora and fauna were investigated. Plant collections were made and fauna sampling was
performed using a combination of systematic and opportunistic survey methods over a number of days and
nights.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-3
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Locality
Pit Boundary
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Existing Mining
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Stage 3 Mining
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Stage 3 MDL
Regional Ecosystems
Remnant 'Endangered' - Dominant
Remnant 'of concern' - Dominant
Remnant 'of concern' - Sub dominant
Remnant - 'Not of Concern'
µ
FIGURE 7-1
NEW ACLAND STAGE 3
COAL MINE EXPANSION
Current Regional Ecosystems
0
1
2
3
Kilometres
Scale 1:100,000 on A4
Projection: AMG - Zone 56 (AGD84)
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I:\QENV2\Projects\QE06455\Spatial\Arc_MXD\Figures\Figure_7-1_Current_Ecosystem_Map_v2.mxd Produced: 10/08/2009.
11.8.4
7.3.3.
Targeted Reptile Surveys
A targeted reptile survey (for Dunmall’s Snake (Furnia dunmalli), Five-clawed Worm Skink (Anomalophus
mackayi) and the Grassland Earless Dragon (Tympanocryptis pinguicolla)) across the Stage 2 EIS Project
site was completed in February 2007 to satisfy approval conditions imposed under EPBC Act by the
DEWHA. The methodology employed involved the following actions.

Ten systematic herpetofauna survey sites were established. A total of one hour of diurnal survey effort
and one hour of nocturnal survey effort was expended at each site. Survey effort consisted of rolling
logs and rocks, stripping loose bark from trees, spotlighting and point observations (observer remaining
stationary and observing cracking clay pans with binoculars). A total of 20 hours of intensive searching
was completed at systematic survey sites.

Twelve active search plots to target the Grassland Earless Dragon were established. Commencing at a
central point, the area within a 50 m radius was thoroughly searched for reptiles for a period of half an
hour. A total of six hours of search effort was achieved.

Three pitfall lines, comprising five buckets linked by drift fencing in suitable habitat, were established.
Traps were open for four consecutive nights, for a total of 60 bucket nights.

Two hours of road and track based survey was completed on each of four survey nights in an effort to
detect snakes for a total of eight hours of search effort.
None of the target reptile species was recorded during the targeted surveys. It was concluded that habitat
for Dunmall’s Snake, Five-clawed Worm Skink and the Grassland Earless Dragon is either unavailable or
has been compromised by intensive land use practices, such as grazing and cultivation.
7.3.4.
Blue Grass Communities within the Stage 2 EIS Project site
In response to information requested by the DEWHA, the nature and extent of the bluegrass (Dichanthium
spp.) dominant grasslands ecological community in the Stage 2 EIS Project site was assessed in early 2007.
The methodology comprised the following actions.

Visual inspection of the mapped remnant area.

Erection of a 100 m survey transect in accordance with the then EPA survey methodology for assessing
biocondition. Due to the ‘treeless’ ecosystem, this consisted of the following:
–
100 m line-intercept transect;
–
50 m x 10 m plot in which weed cover, native plant richness and fallen woody material were
recorded;
–
five quadrats, 1 m x 1 m, to determine percentage cover of grasses, herbs, forbs and shrubs; and
–
an assessment of the likelihood of the mapped remnant area returning to “good native condition”.
It was found that the area currently mapped as remnant endangered RE 11.3.21 in the Stage 2 Project site
does not support that ecosystem type. The area is dominated by introduced pasture species and has limited
prospect of returning to “good native condition”.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-5
7.4.
Terrestrial Flora Values
7.4.1.
Field Survey Methodology
Detailed flora field surveys were completed within the Project site from the 26 February 2007 to 2 March
2007 and within the private haul road route on 20 November 2008. The survey concentrated primarily on
areas with remnant tree cover, native grasslands and roadside easements. Particular attention was given to
remnant woodland and grassland within the Manning Vale, Willeroo and Sabine resource areas.
Surveys involved numerous traverses on foot to observe all vegetation types present within the Project site.
The purpose of the surveys was to identify the floristics, structure and condition of each patch of vegetation
and the type and distribution of plant communities present. Vegetation plots and transects were established
in individual patches of vegetation to sample species diversity and structure. The location of vegetation
survey plots and transects are shown in Figure 7-2.
Identification of plant communities was undertaken including an assessment of the presence of threatened
REs and ecological communities as listed under the VM Act and the EPBC Act respectively. Site data for
each quadrat and transect was recorded in a standardised format to record information regarding species
presence, species richness and vegetation community assemblages.
The methodology was generally consistent with that put forward in the publication “Methodology for Survey
and Mapping of Vegetation and Regional Ecosystems in Queensland (Neldner et al 2005). A handheld
Geographic Positioning System (GPS) was used to record locations of specific floristic data and assist in
mapping. The overall condition of the site vegetation was recorded, including the extent of modification and
weed invasion.
A preliminary list of target endangered, vulnerable and rare (EVR) flora taxa was generated through
database searches. Potential subject species are listed in Appendix J.1. Targeted searches were
completed for threatened flora species listed under the NC Act and the EPBC Act. Cropper (1993) suggests
that a general traverse is a suitable method for detecting the presence of rare species during flora surveys.
As a result, several traverses were undertaken as part of the field surveys within areas of suitable habitat.
Searches for threatened species (i.e. Belson’s panic, lobed bluegrass and finger panic grass) were
undertaken within areas of known and suitable habitat, such as roadside easements and less disturbed
woodlands and native grasslands. Locations of any threatened species located within the Project site were
recorded using a hand held GPS and the approximate number of individuals present was recorded for each
location.
Any unknown plant species were obtained for further examination and identification. If positive identifications
could not be made, specimens were sent to the Queensland Herbarium for confirmation.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-6
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FIGURE 7-2
NEW ACLAND STAGE 3
COAL MINE EXPANSION
Location of Flora Survey Sites
0
1
2
3
Kilometres
Scale 1:100,000 on A4
Projection: AMG - Zone 56 (AGD84)
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7.4.2.
Results
Overview of the Project site
Most of the original vegetation has been cleared within the Project site due to past agriculture, grazing and
mining activities. Approximately 10% of the Project site contains vegetation communities which can be
classified as remnant or regrowth examples of specific regional ecosystem types. The balance consists of
improved pasture, scattered clumps of trees and individual paddock trees.
In order to gain an understanding of historical patterns of vegetation, pre-clearing RE mapping was obtained
from the Queensland Herbarium. The mapping records indicate that nine REs occurred historically within the
Project site, namely:

RE 11.3.1 – Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) and/or belah (Casuarina cristata) open forest on alluvial
plains.

RE 11.3.2 – Poplar box (Eucalyptus populnea) woodland on alluvial plains.

RE 11.3.17 – Poplar box woodland with brigalow and/or belah on alluvial plains.

RE 11.3.21 – Queensland blue grass (Dichanthium sericeum) and/or Astrebla spp. grassland on alluvial
plains. Cracking clay soils.

RE 11.8.3 – Semi-evergreen vine thicket on Cainozoic igneous rocks. Steep hillsides.

RE 11.8.5 – Mountain coolibah (Eucalyptus orgadophila) open woodland on Cainozoic igneous rocks.

RE 11.9.5 – Brigalow and/or belah open forest on fine-grained sedimentary rocks.

RE 11.9.7 – Poplar box, false sandalwood (Eremophila mitchellii) shrubby woodland on fine-grained
sedimentary rocks.

RE 11.9.10 – Brigalow, poplar box open forest on fine-grained sedimentary rocks.
Alluvial areas are likely to have been dominated by poplar box and brigalow woodlands, with relatively
extensive areas of native grassland dominated by Queensland blue grass interspersed. The presence of
Queensland blue gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) in low numbers suggests that this species was probably
more common in pre-European vegetation. This species historically co-dominated (with poplar box) a
sub-regional ecosystem of RE 11.3.2.
Igneous soils on higher parts of the Project site are likely to have been dominated by mountain coolibah
woodlands and dry rainforest vine thickets, whilst sedimentary landscapes were dominated by brigalow,
belah and poplar box.
Extant remnants of these vegetation types consist of small, isolated patches of woodland amongst grazing
and cropping lands and narrow strips retained along road reserves. Figure 7-1 illustrates the current
distribution of REs across the Project area. The condition of the remnant vegetation is variable, with most
areas being subjected to long-term grazing impacts, and as a consequence, present moderate to low native
floral diversity. Native grassland occurs in road reserves and paddocks not subject to regular ploughing,
cropping and grazing. Better quality examples of native grassland occur in lightly grazed areas.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-8
The general topography comprises low undulating hills and alluvial plains with a small number of rocky
hillocks. Lagoon Creek, an ephemeral creek, flows in a south-west direction through the centre of the
Project site and adjacent the private haul road route, supporting numerous in-stream dams and a patchy
distribution of remnant vegetation. Some semi-permanent waterholes exist. However, farm dams are the
only permanent source of water within the Project site.
Observed Vegetation Communities
Eight regional ecosystems were found in the Project site and are described below in Table 7-2. The
distribution of the eight regional ecosystems are mapped in Figure 7-3. The location and extent of the
community, a general description of species and structure, and an assessment of the conservation values of
the community at a national, state and regional level are discussed below.
Table 7-2 Regional Ecosystems of the Project site
No.
Regional
Ecosystem Code
Status EPBC
Act
Status VM Act
1
11.3.1
Endangered
Endangered
Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata open forest
on alluvial plains
2
11.3.2; 11.3.2a
N/A
Of Concern
Eucalyptus populnea woodland on alluvial plains;
E. conica woodland on alluvial plains
3
11.3.17
N/A
Of Concern
E. populnea woodland with A. harpophylla and/or
C. cristata on alluvial plains
4
11.3.21
Endangered
Endangered
Dichanthium sericeum and/or Astrebla spp. grassland on
alluvial plains. Cracking clay soils
11.3.24
Under
nomination
Endangered
Themeda avenacea grassland on alluvial plains. Basalt
derived soils
5
11.8.3
Endangered
Not of
Concern
Semi-evergreen vine thicket on Cainozoic igneous rocks.
6
11.8.5; 11.8.5a
N/A
Not of
Concern
E. orgadophila open woodland on Cainozoic igneous
rocks; E. orgadophila woodland with a dense understorey
of low trees species
7
11.9.10
N/A
Of Concern
A. harpophylla, E. populnea open forest on Cainozoic
fine-grained sedimentary rocks
Description
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-9
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11.3.21
11.3.2
11.3.17
11.3.2
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11.3.21
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Non-Remnant Vegetation
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Stemmacantha australis
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KELVINHAUGH
FIGURE 7-3
NEW ACLAND STAGE 3
COAL MINE EXPANSION
Observed Regional Ecosystems
and Threatened Flora
0
1
2
3
Kilometres
Scale 1:100,000 on A4
Projection: AMG - Zone 56 (AGD84)
4
I:\QENV2\Projects\QE06455\Spatial\Arc_MXD\Figures\Figure_7-3_Observed_Veg_Communities_v2.mxd Produced: 10/08/2009.
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11.8.5
11.9.10 11.3.21
11.3.2a
RE 11.3.1 Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata open forest on alluvial plains
Location and Extent
Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata open forest mainly occurs in the central portions of the Project
site, comprising isolated clumps along Lagoon Creek amongst cleared agricultural land. Isolated patches
are also present outside the mine pit locations in the west and north of the Project site. The total area of this
community in the Project site comprises approximately 39 ha, of which 14 ha occurs within the mine pit
locations. A typical example of this community is shown in Photo 7-1.
Community Description
This community is dominated by brigalow, with belah and poplar box occurring at lower densities in some
patches. The canopy forms an open layer to approximately 18 m in height. Some patches support a well
developed shrub / small tree layer dominated by wilga (Geijera parviflora) and juvenile brigalow.
Other common small tree species include sally wattle (Acacia salicina) and weeping pittosporum
(Pittosporum angustifolium). Some patches have been under-scrubbed for grazing and therefore support
little native floral diversity and vegetation structure.
The ground layer is dominated by various grasses and forbs including white speargrass (Aristida leptopoda),
brigalow grass (Paspalidium caespitosum), blue trumpet (Brunoniella australis), winter apple (Eremophila
debilis) and ruby saltbush (Enchylaena tomentosa). Most patches of this community have been disturbed by
grazing activities, particularly along Lagoon Creek, and support moderate infestations of weed species,
including African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) and Mayne’s pest (Verbena tenuisecta).
Conservation Value and Significant Species
This RE is listed as being ‘endangered’ under the VM Act and is considered to be an Endangered Ecological
Community (EEC) under the EPBC Act. One threatened species, Belson’s panic, was recorded within an
un-grazed patch of this community in the central eastern part of the Project site. This species is listed as
‘vulnerable’ under the EPBC Act and ‘endangered’ in Queensland under the NC Act.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-11
Photo 7-1 Typical example of brigalow-belah community in the Project site
RE 11.3.2 and 11.3.2a Eucalyptus populnea Woodland on Alluvial Plains
Location and Extent
Poplar box woodland (RE 11.3.2) is found in the southern parts of the Project site and within the private haul
road route, where examples occur as isolated clumps along Lagoon Creek amongst cleared agricultural land.
This community covers an area of approximately 40 ha of remnant vegetation and a further 27 ha of nonremnant vegetation. A typical example of this community is shown in Photo 7-2.
Community Description
This community is dominated by poplar box and other canopy species, such as brigalow and belah, are
generally absent. The canopy forms an open layer to approximately 18 m in height. The understorey in
some patches of the community contains a well developed shrub / small tree layer dominated by wilga, sally
wattle, weeping myall (Acacia pendula) and false sandalwood (Eremophila mitchellii).
The ground layer is dominated by various grasses and forbs, including curly windmill grass (Enteropogon
ramosus), pitted blue grass (Bothriochloa decipiens), windmill grasses (Chloris spp.), blue trumpet and ruby
saltbush (Enchylaena tomentosa). All patches of this community have been disturbed by grazing activities
particularly along Lagoon Creek and support low-moderate infestations of weed species, including velvety
tree pear (Opuntia tomentosa) and Mayne’s pest.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-12
Conservation Value and Significant Species
This community is listed as being ‘of concern’ under the VM Act. One threatened species Belson’s panic
was identified within this community where it occurs within un-grazed road reserves. It is not listed under the
EPBC Act.
Photo 7-2 Poplar Box Woodland on alluvium in central Project site
RE 11.3.17 Eucalyptus populnea Woodland with Acacia harpophylla and Casuarina cristata
on Alluvial Plains
Location and Extent
Poplar box woodland is found in the southern parts of the Project site and within the private haul road route,
where examples occur as isolated clumps amongst agricultural land. The total area of this community in the
Project site comprises approximately 18 ha of non-remnant vegetation and 1 ha of remnant vegetation. A
typical example of this community is shown in Photo 7-3.
Community Description
This community is dominated by poplar box with scattered clumps of brigalow and belah occurring within
some patches. The canopy forms an open layer to approximately 18 m in height. The understorey contains
a well developed shrub / small tree layer in some patches dominated by wilga, sally wattle, western
rosewood (Alectryon oleifolius) and weeping myall. The ground layer is dominated by various grasses and
forbs, including pitted blue grass, windmill grasses, three-awned speargrass (Aristida ramosa), native
jasmine (Jasminum didymum) and ruby saltbush. All patches of this community have been disturbed by
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-13
grazing activities to varied extents and support low-moderate infestations of weed species, including velvet
tree pear, Mayne’s pest and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana).
Conservation Value and Significant Species
This community is listed as being ‘of concern’ under the VM Act. Belson’s panic was identified within this
community in roadside easements along Francis Street, south of Acland, and Jondaryan-Nungil Road. It is
not listed under the EPBC Act.
Photo 7-3 Poplar Box with brigalow and belah, central Project site
RE 11.3.21 Dichanthium sericeum grassland on alluvial plains
Location and Extent
This vegetation community is located within numerous paddocks throughout the Project site where grazing
activities have ceased or are less intensive. Small patches of this community also occur within the road
reserve along Jondaryan-Muldu Road where it forms a mixed community with RE 11.3.24 (Themeda
avenacea grassland on alluvial plains. Basalt derived soils). The total area of this community in the Project
site comprises 89 ha of remnant vegetation and 121 ha of non-remnant vegetation. A typical example of this
community in the Project site is shown in Photo 7-4.
Community Description
This community is dominated by Queensland blue grass forming a relatively thick groundcover. The species
composition varies between patches of this community, with higher condition areas containing a diversity of
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-14
forb and grass species. Other common native grass species include white speargrass (Aristida leptopoda),
pitted blue grass, barbed wire grass (Cymbopogon refractus), native millet (Panicum decompositum) and
fairy grass (Sporobolus caroli). Forb species are present in higher abundance within grasslands with a
higher ecological condition and include native sensitive plants (Neptunia gracilis), blue trumpet, fuzzweed
(Vittadinia cuneata), native bluebells (Wahlenbergia gracilis), tropical speedwell (Evolvulus alsinoides), pink
bindweed (Convolvulus erubescens) and yellow burr daisy (Calotis lappulacea). Some scattered trees and
shrubs are present within this community, including cotton bush (Maireana microphylla), soft roly poly
(Salsola kali var. kali), wattle species and poplar box.
Conservation Value and Significant Species
This RE is listed as being ‘endangered’ under the VM Act and is an EEC under the EPBC Act. Threatened
flora species were generally absent within this community. However, one threatened flora species Belson’s
panic was recorded in this community in low abundance adjacent to where it occurs in road reserves in high
abundance. Most areas of this community are grazed to various intensities within the Project site, which
provides unfavourable conditions for Belson’s panic, especially considering the high abundance within
un-grazed road reserves.
Photo 7-4 Bluegrass Grassland in the Project site
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-15
RE 11.3.24 Themeda avenacea grassland on alluvial plains
Location and Extent
This community comprises three isolated patches within the Jondaryan-Muldu Road reserve adjacent the
private haul road route, and occurs in a mixed community with RE 11.3.21. The total area of this community
in the Project site comprises less than 1 ha of non-remnant vegetation.
Community Description
This community is dominated by native oat grass (Themeda avenacea) forming a relatively thick
groundcover. Other common native grass species include white speargrass, pitted blue grass, barbed wire
grass, native millet (Panicum decompositum) and fairy grass. Forb species are present in higher abundance
within grasslands with a higher ecological condition and include native sensitive plants, blue trumpet,
fuzzweed, native bluebells, tropical speedwell, pink bindweed and yellow burr daisy. Some scattered trees
and shrubs are present within this community, including cotton bush, soft roly poly, wattle species and poplar
box.
Conservation Value and Significant Species
This RE is listed as being ‘endangered’ under the VM Act and is currently under consideration for listing as
an EEC under the EPBC Act. The vulnerable Austral cornflower occurs in all patches of this community with
a large population of approximately 500 plants occurring in the largest remnant. These patches do not
appear to have been grazed or are lightly grazed.
This community is likely to include threatened species such as austral toadflax (Thesium australe), Picris
evae, Queensland bluegrass, lobed bluegrass and finger panic grass.
RE 11.8.3 Semi-evergreen Vine Thicket on Cainozoic Igneous Rocks
Location and Extent
This community was found on a small ridge either side of Oakey - Cooyar Road. This community covers an
area of 2 ha within the Project site. A photograph of this community is provided as Photo 7-5.
Community Description
This community was relatively disturbed and patchy in the Project site having been subject to clearing and
grazing impacts, and is in a regenerative state. The canopy included various dry rainforest species forming a
discontinuous canopy 5 m to 10 m high. Common species included leopardwood (Flindersia collina), quinine
bush (Alstonia constricta), Croton phebalioides and western rosewood. Understorey species included
currant bush (Carissa ovata), scrambling lily (Geitonoplesium cymosum), gargaloo (Parsonsia
eucalyptophylla) and bead bush (Spartothamnella juncea).
Conservation Value and Significant Species
This community is listed as ‘not of concern’ under the VM Act and is listed as “endangered” under the EPBC
Act. Belson’s panic was recorded in roadside vegetation adjacent to this community.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-16
Photo 7-5 Semi-evergreen vinethicket, central Project site
RE 11.8.5 and 11.8.5a Eucalyptus orgadophila Open Woodland on Cainozoic Igneous Rocks
Location and Extent
Mountain Coolibah open woodland is found on the elevated parts of the Project site, including the ridges in
the north (11.8.5) and a rocky hill at the south western corner (11.8.5a). The total area of this community
within the Project site comprises 106 ha of remnant vegetation. A typical example of this community is shown
in Photo 7-6.
Community Description
The RE 11.8.5 and 11.8.5a contain a similar floristic species composition. However, community 11.8.5a
differs slightly from 11.8.5 in that it occurs on rocky hillocks and the shrub cover is more developed, while
11.8.5 has a more open and grassy understorey.
The canopy was discontinuous and approximately 10 m to 15 m in height. The canopy supports mountain
coolibah, brush wilga (Geijera salicifolia) and Queensland bottle tree (Brachychiton rupestris). The
understorey of this community in the north of the Project site (11.8.5a) supports a similar species
composition to semi evergreen vine thicket (11.8.3). In the south of the Project site this community contains
a grassy understorey including fairy grass, barbed wire grass, (Chloris spp.), slender bamboo grass
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-17
(Austrostipa verticillata), brigalow grass (Paspalidium caespitosum) and black bottle washers (Enneapogon
nigricans).
Conservation Value and Significant Species
This community is listed as ‘not of concern’ under the VM Act. Belson’s panic was recorded in this
community in the north of the Project site (11.8.5). This community is not listed under the EPBC Act.
Photo 7-6 Mountain Coolibah Woodland
RE 11.9.10 Acacia harpophylla, Eucalyptus populnea Open Forest on Cainozoic Finegrained Sedimentary Rocks
Location and Extent
This community occurs in the central and northern portions of the Project site. The distribution is restricted to
roadside easements and remnant trees in agricultural land. The total area of this community within the
Project site comprises approximately 25 ha of remnant vegetation.
Community Description
This community had an open to very open canopy of approximately 10 m to 20 m high, dominated by
brigalow with poplar box occurring less frequently. Numerous small patches of regenerating brigalow were
recorded within the Project site. The understorey included shrubby vegetation in roadside easements,
including wilga, false sandalwood, western rosewood and scrub boonaree (Alectryon diversifolius). Within
agricultural land, the understorey is more open containing a mix of grasses, forbs and small shrubs, including
brigalow grass, slender chloris (Chloris divaricata), New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides), cotton
bush and soft roly poly.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-18
Conservation Value and Significant Species
This community is listed as ‘of concern’ under the VM Act. No species of conservation significance have
been recorded within this community.
Flora Diversity
Overall native flora species richness was low to moderate within the Project site, attributable to the long
history of agriculture in the locality and prevailing dry climatic conditions which markedly reduce herb and
forb diversity. A total of 209 flora species from 50 families were identified within the Project site, consisting of
two species of fern, 143 species of dicotyledons and 64 species of monocotyledons.
Of the total species recorded, 59 species (28%) are exotic introduced species. Four of the introduced
species are listed as declared plants in Queensland under the LP Act and these are detailed in Table 7-3.
Table 7-3 Declared Pest Plants Identified within the Project site
Scientific Name
Common Name
Location
Declared
Status*
Bryophyllum delagoense
mother of millions
Uncommon, localised distribution
Class 2
Lycium ferocissimum
African boxthorn
Scattered distribution in grazing lands of the Project
site, usually within disturbed remnant vegetation.
Class 2
Opuntia tomentosa
velvet tree pear
Occurs in low-moderate abundance within most areas
of remnant vegetation in the Project site.
Class 2
Opuntia stricta
prickly pear
Occurs in low abundance, not as common as velvet
tree pear.
Class 2
*Status under LP Act
A comprehensive list of the flora species present within the Project site has been included as Appendix J.2.
Some flora species could not be identified to species or genus level due to the poor condition and/or lack of
diagnostic plant material. A separate flora species list for the private haul road route is included in
Appendix J.3.
Matters of National Environmental Significance
Threatened Ecological Communities
There are three nationally listed Endangered Ecological Communities (EECs) under the EPBC Act and one
community which is currently under nomination for inclusion as an EEC. These EECs are listed in Table 7-4
below:
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PAGE 7-19
Table 7-4 EPBC Threatened Ecological Communities of the Project site
Endangered Ecological
Community (EPBC Act)
Distribution and status in the Project site
Brigalow (Acacia
harpophylla dominant and
co-dominant)
Includes regional ecosystem 11.3.1 Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata open
forest on alluvial plains,. This community mainly occurs in the central and northern
portions of the Project site, comprising isolated clumps along Lagoon Creek amongst
cleared agricultural land, roadside easements and isolated patches are also present
outside the proposed pit locations in the west and north of the Project site (refer to
Figure 7-2). Some patches have been under-scrubbed for grazing and therefore
support little native floral diversity and vegetation structure. There are moderate weed
infestations present in some patches, including African boxthorn and Mayne’s pest.
Bluegrass (Dichanthium spp.)
dominant grasslands of the
Brigalow Belt Bioregions
(North and South)
Comprises regional ecosystem 11.3.21 Dichanthium sericeum grassland on alluvial
plains. This community occurs in numerous areas within the Project site (refer to
Figure 7-2), including areas within the footprint of the proposed mining pits. All areas of
this community within the Project site have been subject to grazing activities. However,
different landholders have implemented different stock management regimes which
have resulted in native grassland areas with varied ecological condition. Better quality
examples of this community occur on the edge of one of the proposed mine pits towards
the eastern boundary of the Project site. Some areas of this community are degraded
and contain a significant cover abundance of exotic species. Relatively large areas of
native grassland are present within the southern portion of the Project site which are
outside the proposed mine pit areas.
Semi-evergreen vine thickets
of the Brigalow Belt (North
and South) and Nandewar
Bioregions
Comprises regional ecosystem 11.8.3 Semi-evergreen vine thicket on Cainozoic
igneous rocks. Occurs in one area (refer to Figure 7-2) in the central eastern area of the
Project site. This area has been disturbed from clearing and agricultural activities
resulting in fragmentation and some weed invasion.
Nominated – Native
Grassland on Basalt and
Alluvium of the Brigalow Belt
South, Nandewar, New
England Tablelands and
Northern Sydney Basin
Bioregions
This community comprises three mixed polygons of RE 11.3.21 (Dichanthium sericeum
grassland on alluvial plains) and RE 11.3.24 (Themeda avenacea grassland on alluvial
plains. Basalt derived soils) within the road reserve along Jondaryan-Muldu Road.
This community occurs adjacent to degraded grassland areas which contain exotic plant
species typical of most road reserves within the Project site. However, within the native
grassland patches, native species were clearly dominate with less than 20% overall
weed cover. Weed species detected within these patches were primarily purpletop
(Verbena bonariense) and balloon cotton bush (Gomphocarpus physocarpus).
Condition Assessment – Native Grasslands Ecological Communities
Bluegrass grasslands in poor condition do not form part of the listed Bluegrass EEC and are not subject to
the EPBC Act assessment. For Bluegrass EECs, those considered in poor condition would contain more
than 50% weeds or exotic grasses and with the Dichanthium spp. occurring only as individual plants or in
small clumps. Bluegrass communities considered to be in good condition are those mapped as remnant
under the current DERM RE Mapping. Those communities in reasonable condition have been mapped and
assessed as non-remnant or remnant vegetation throughout this Chapter. Areas of bluegrass grassland in
poor condition in accordance with the criteria set out above have been excluded from further assessment.
The nominated Themeda grassland community contained over 80% cover of native species and would
comply with the requirements of the condition assessment. This area is too small to map as remnant under
the RE framework (i.e., estimated extent is less than 1 ha, whereas, current mapping thresholds are 2 ha).
Threatened Flora Species
Three species of grasses and one thistle species listed as threatened under the EPBC Act and NC Act have
been recorded within the Project site as displayed in Figure 7-3. These species are:
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-20

Belson’s panic - Homopholis belsonii (Vulnerable);

Lobed bluegrass - Bothriochloa biloba (Vulnerable);

Austral cornflower - Stemmacantha australis (Vulnerable); and

Finger panic grass - Digitaria porrecta (Endangered).
However during recent surveys, only Belson’s panic has been found within the Project site. Photo 7-7
displays the remnant Belson’s panic. Austral cornflower has been found on the southern side of JondaryanMuldu Road as defined in Figure 7-2 close to the private haul road route. Photo 7-8 and Photo 7-9 depict
examples of Stemmacantha australis found within the Project site.
Despite targeted searches for Lobed bluegrass and Finger panic grass during recent surveys, none were
identified, most probably due to inadequate plant material for identification being present during the survey
period. These species were recorded during previous surveys and may still be present to some extent.
Photo 7-7 Belson’s panic in roadside vegetation remnant
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-21
Photo 7-8 Flower of Austral Cornflower
7.4.3.
Photo 7-9 Mature specimen of Austral
Cornflower in seed
Overview of State Significance
Threatened Regional Ecosystems
Six REs that are listed as threatened under the VM Act were identified within the Project site. These REs are
listed as ‘endangered’ or ‘of concern’ under the VM Act:

RE 11.3.1 - Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata open forest on alluvial plains.

RE 11.3.2 – Eucalyptus populnea woodland on alluvial plains; Eucalyptus conica woodland on alluvial
plains (Of Concern).

RE 11.3.17 – Eucalyptus populnea woodland with Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata on
alluvial plains (Of Concern).

RE 11.3.21 - Dichanthium sericeum and/or Astrebla spp. grassland on alluvial plains (Endangered).

RE 11.3.24 – Themeda avenacea grassland on alluvial plains. Basalt derived soils (Endangered).
RE 11.9.10 – Acacia harpophylla, Eucalyptus populnea open forest on Cainozoic fine-grained
sedimentary rocks (Of Concern).
Threatened Flora Species
The three grass species and Austral cornflower discussed above are also listed under the NC Act. Belson’s
panic is listed as endangered, and lobed bluegrass, finger panic grass and Austral cornflower are listed as
vulnerable.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-22
7.4.4.
Vegetation Corridors
The remnant vegetation within the Project site exists as isolated patches throughout cleared agricultural land.
As a result of previous wide-scale clearing activities, much of the remnant vegetation within the Project site
exhibits very limited connectivity with the exception of roadside vegetation which provides some connectivity
between remnants. This characteristic was particularly evident along the existing coal haul road in the northwestern portion of the Project site.
7.4.5.
Weeds of Management Concern
Four declared pest plants and 19 weeds of management concern were identified within the Project site
during the flora survey. The four pest plants declared under the LP Act are defined in Table 7-3. Other
plants that are not declared but are of management concern are described in Table 7-5.
Weeds of management concern have been compiled from Assessment of invasive naturalised plants in
South-east Queensland (Batinoff 2002) and also from on site observations of weed infestations.
Table 7-5 Pest Plants of Management Concern Identified at the Project site
Scientific Name
Common Name
Location
Acacia farnesiana
mimosa bush
Only occasionally seen in grazing or cultivation lands
Chloris gayana
Rhodes grass
Common in grazing lands, grasslands and roadside easements.
Competes with native grasses.
Cirsium vulgare
spear thistle
Low-moderate abundance in grazing/grassland areas and grazing
lands. Impacting on native grasslands.
Conyza spp.
fleabane
Only occasionally seen in grazing or cultivation lands
Echinochloa colona
awnless barnyard
grass
Only occasionally seen in grazing or cultivation lands
Echinochloa crus-galli
barnyard grass
Only occasionally seen in grazing or cultivation lands
Eragrostis curvula
African lovegrass
Forms dense colonies in roadside easements. Competing with native
grasses (i.e. Homopholis belsonii) in some areas.
Gomphocarpus
fruticosus
narrow-leaved
cotton bush
Low-moderate abundance in grazing/grassland areas and grazing
lands. Impacting on native grasslands.
Macroptilium
atropurpureum
siratro
Only occasionally seen in grazing lands and disturbed remnant
vegetation
Melinis repens
red natal grass
Only occasionally seen in roadside easements
Panicum maximum
green panic
Forms dense colonies in roadside easements. Competing with native
grasses (i.e. Homopholis belsonii) in some areas.
Paspalum dilatatum
paspalum grass
Only occasionally seen in grazing or cultivation lands
Phyla canescens
lippia
Occurs in low-moderate abundance along some areas of Lagoon
Creek
Phytolacca octandra
inkweed
Occurs occasionally within the Project site
Sida rhombifolia
Paddy’s lucerne
Occurs occasionally within the Project site
Verbena tenuisecta
Mayne’s pest
Common in grazing/grassland areas. Competes with native species in
grassland areas.
Xanthium pungens
Noogoora burr
Xanthium spinosum
Bathurst burr
Zinnia peruviana
wild zinnia
Common along Lagoon Creek in grazing areas
Only occasionally seen in grazing or cultivation lands
Particularly abundant and invasive in some natural grassland and
woodland areas
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PAGE 7-23
The highly disturbed nature of the Project site has facilitated the introduction and spread of many introduced
species. Within the Project site, 59 species of introduced flora were identified representing approximately
28% of the total species diversity.
Numerous invasive grasses were recorded within the Project site including green panic and African
lovegrass. These grasses are competing with remnant native species observed along the roadside
easements adjacent and within the Project site.
In some areas these invasive grasses form dense colonies excluding the establishment and growth of native
species including rare species such as Belson’s panic. Numerous agricultural weeds were common in the
areas used for cropping and grazing and have become established in remnant woodland and grassland.
7.5.
Terrestrial Fauna Values of the Project site
7.5.1.
Description of Fauna Habitats
Remnant vegetation consists of small isolated patches of woodland amongst grazing and cropping lands and
narrow strips along road reserves. Native grassland is found in paddocks not subject to agricultural
practices. The topography comprises gentle rises and alluvial plains with a few small rocky hillocks. Lagoon
Creek flows in a south-west direction through the centre of the Project site, supporting numerous instream
dams and a patchy distribution of remnant vegetation. Some semi-permanent waterholes exist. However,
farm dams are the only permanent source of water within the Project site.
Four broad fauna habitat types occur within the Project site dominated by:

open woodland / riparian habitat;

grassland habitat;

rocky hillslopes; and

dams and creeks.
Open forest and woodland habitats total approximately 20% of the Project site and grassland approximately
80%. Dams are scattered throughout the entire lower lying areas of the Project site.
Photographs of the broad habitat types identified are presented in Photo 7-10 to Photo 7-14.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-24
Photo 7-10 Open forest and woodland habitat
Open forest and woodland habitats
Open forest and woodland occurs as small fragmented patches scattered throughout the Project site,
predominantly in road reserves. These habitats generally comprise a sparse to open understorey and low
shrub diversity. Many areas were formerly cleared or grazed and subsequently relatively young regrowth is
common. Large mature trees and dead stags are scattered throughout woodland habitats in low densities
and are absent from many areas of regrowth. Tree hollows are generally scarce and restricted to road
reserves and patches at the northern end of the Project site. There is an abundance of fallen trees and logs
and in some places large boulders provide sheltering opportunities for native small mammals, frogs and
reptiles. Riparian vegetation along Lagoon Creek is typically dry and representative of the woodland habitat.
A unique feature of the riparian vegetation was the abundance of native mistletoe species, providing an
additional resource for nectarivorous fauna.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-25
Photo 7-11 Grassland habitat
Grassland habitats
Grassland is a common feature of the low undulating hills in the north and western parts of the Project site
on former grazing land. This habitat supports a diversity of fauna adapted to open and modified landscapes
such as grazing macropods, certain reptiles, raptors, granivorous and insectivorous birds. Occasional
isolated mature trees are scattered throughout the grasslands and provide perching, nesting and refuge
habitat for birds, as well as potential roosting and breeding hollows for microbats and birds.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-26
Photo 7-12 Rocky hillocks
Rocky hilllocks
Low hillslopes comprising exposed rocks occupy the steep terrain at the southern end of the Project site.
These rocky hillslopes are a component of the woodland and forest environs, and represent a locally unique
habitat that exhibits an abundance of large and small boulders, which are likely to support selected groups of
fauna represented mostly by reptiles.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-27
Photo 7-13 Remnant farm dam
Farms Dams and creeks
A variety of large and small farm dams are represented within the Project site. These dams provide open
water habitats that are locally significant for dependent fauna, particularly given the generally dry climate and
absence of permanent creeks. The dam habitats are characterised by both relatively deep and shallow
water areas and occasionally exhibit dense inundated and fringing vegetation, comprising reeds and sedges.
Lagoon Creek traverses the Project site. This waterway is generally dry most of the year, with peak flows
only occurring during high rainfall events. Some persistent pools were noted. However, persistent water is
generally scarce. The Lagoon Creek habitat provides an area suitable for burrowing amphibians.
7.5.2.
Field Survey Methodology
Overview
Detailed fauna field surveys were completed within the Project site from the 26 February 2007 to 2 March
2007. A combination of sampling techniques were employed including diurnal and nocturnal census and
opportunistic observations. Survey methods included Elliott and pit fall trapping, ultrasonic call recording of
microchiropteran bats, spotlighting, frog and reptile searches, nocturnal owl call broadcast and diurnal bird
census.
Aerial photographs, vegetation mapping and topographic maps were used to stratify habitat types and
identify the sampling sites. At least one sampling site was surveyed per habitat type with greater effort in the
larger, dominant habitats, such as the poplar box woodland. Grassland, young regrowth and aquatic
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-28
habitats provided incidental data to complement the observations from the larger areas of habitat within the
Project site. Details of survey techniques, effort and localities are provided below.
The fauna survey effort and location of sample sites was aimed at supplementing the previous fauna survey
work documented in Ison (1999) rather than replicating effort. Where possible the location of fauna trap sites
were selected to sample new locations not previously surveyed. The location of fauna survey methods is
shown in Figure 7-4.
Fauna surveys were conducted under Scientific Purposes Permit Number WISP04231607, Scientific User
Registration No. 274 and Animal Care and Ethics Approval number AEC-CA2007/01/167.
Survey Conditions
Details of the specific temperatures and rainfall during the field surveys were recorded and detailed below.
Conditions were dry and mild during the survey with average daily maximum temperatures around 320C and
warm humid nights averaging 190C. Light rainfall was experienced during the 2 March 2007 field survey. In
general, the region has experienced a prolonged drought, and as a consequence, surface conditions were
very dry with limited water in Lagoon Creek. Weather conditions for the period of 26 April 2007 to 2 March
2007 are presented in Table 7-6.
Table 7-6 Survey Weather Conditions
Date
Temp (°C)
Rainfall (mm)
Conditions / wind
Min
Max
26/04/07
19.6
31.2
0
Slight east north-easterly
27/04/07
18.5
32.5
0
Slight east north-easterly
28/04/07
20.3
32.8
0
Slight east north-easterly
01/03/07
20.3
33.4
0
Slight east north-easterly
02/03/07
19.0
35.2
0.8
Moderate north easterly winds
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-29
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Site 3
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Locality
Pit Boundary
Anabat
Cadastre
Pit Trap
Existing Mining Lease
Trap Site
Stage 3 Mining Lease Application
Road
Stage 3 MDL
Proposed Private Haul Road
µ
KELVINHAUGH
FIGURE 7-4
NEW ACLAND STAGE 3
COAL MINE EXPANSION
Location of Fauna Survey Sites
0
1
2
3
Kilometres
Scale 1:100,000 on A4
Projection: AMG - Zone 56 (AGD84)
4
I:\QENV2\Projects\QE06455\Spatial\Arc_MXD\Figures\Figure_7-4_Fauna_Survey_Locations_v2.mxd Produced: 10/08/2009.
Site 2
Terrestrial Mammals
Live-trapping of small to medium sized mammals was conducted at four trap sites targeting the larger
fragments of forest and woodland, as these were expected to yield the majority of the mammal assemblage.
A standardised quadrat arrangement, 100 m x 50 m, was used at each site delineated by 25 Elliott traps
placed 10 m apart along the perimeter. The Elliott traps comprised 20 type A (33 cm x 10 cm x 9 cm) and
5 type B (15 cm X 16 cm x 45 cm) aluminium folding traps. All Elliott traps were baited with peanut butter,
rolled oats and honey. Traps were placed in or under cover at every opportunity. Traps were opened for a
three-night period of approximately 96 hours. Traps were checked in the morning and any captured animals
were measured, weighed and released. The total trapping effort equated to 300 trap nights.
Live-trapping of small ground-dwelling mammals was supplemented by the use of pitfall traps. A total of
20 pit traps, comprising 600 mm x 30 mm steel pipe, were established at three sites. The pits were opened
for three consecutive nights and checked each morning. Drift fences consisted of 300 mm high polyurethane
damp course. The total pit trapping effort equated to 60 trap nights.
The species and location of mammal scats, scratches and other evidence of fauna presence when
encountered was noted to provide locality records for native and exotic species.
Arboreal Mammals
Spotlighting and dusk census for arboreal mammals was conducted at each of the trap sites described
previously, in addition to other forest fragments as shown on Figure 7-4. Spotlighting was conducted by foot
and vehicle, and comprised a general traverse across the Project site utilising Lightforce 50W hand-held
spotlights powered by 12V batteries. Two observers conducted the survey for a minimum period of two
hours per night over four nights resulting in a total survey effort by spotlight of 16 hours. All fauna heard or
observed were recorded to species level. Observations of fauna were aided by the use of binoculars. Notes
were taken on the location and relative abundance of observed fauna.
Searches for evidence of Koalas were conducted at all trap sites by conducting random meanders and
stopping to search for koala droppings (scats) around the base of trees greater than 20 cm diameter at
breast height until a total of 20 trees were searched. Preference was given to known Koala browse species,
including poplar box and Queensland blue gum.
Bats
Three stationary ultrasonic bat call detectors (Anabat II, Titley Electronics) were used with a storage ZCAIM
unit to record bat calls at four sites: Anabat 1-4. Calls were recorded continuously between 1800 and
0500 hours on each occasion for three nights. Calls were identified to genus or species level where possible
using the computer frequency analysis software, Analook v.4.0.
Spotlighting and listening for calls of megachiropteran bats (Pteropus spp.) was conducted during
spotlighting activities as detailed previously.
Birds
Standardised time-based bird counts of 30 minute duration were conducted at each trap site during the
live-trapping program. Census were conducted during morning periods and centred on the trapping quadrat.
All bird species heard or observed were quantified including those outside the habitat node. Birds were also
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-31
recorded opportunistically during all other site visits and field surveys activities. Binoculars were carried in
the field at all times to assist in identification.
Call playback of the Barking Owl (Ninox connivens), Masked Owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) and Barn Owl (Tyto
alba) was conducted during spotlighting surveys at all sample sites. Pre-recorded owl calls were broadcast
via a portable CD player and megaphone for a period of five minutes each, followed by a five minute listening
period. Spotlighting was conducted briefly between calls and then following completion of the call playback
series. Quiet listening for dusk calls of each owl species was also undertaken whilst conducting other field
activities such as spotlight searches.
Reptiles and Amphibians
Both nocturnal and diurnal herpetological surveys were conducted at each sample site. The nocturnal
herpetofauna was censused during spotlighting surveys and included the survey of the margins of wet areas
and farm dams for active frogs and reptiles. Nocturnal surveys for frogs were conducted using Lightforce
spotlights (50W) and battery powered head torches to survey along drainage lines, around wet low-lying
lands and dams.
Frogs were identified by call and/or visual characteristics. All active frogs were captured, where possible,
identified and immediately released. At potentially suitable locations throughout the Project site, a period of
listening for the calls of frog species was undertaken, especially at dusk on humid and warm nights.
The diurnal component of the reptile surveys consisted of hand searches for active and resting individuals
under rocks, logs, bark, leaves and timber and artificial debris when encountered. Specific reptile census
was conducted for one hour at each trap site and opportunistic observations were also recorded during other
survey activities.
Targeted searches of up to two hours duration were conducted in grassland habitats to target the Grassland
Earless Dragon. Live-trapping of herpetofauna was conducted using pitfall traps positioned in low-lying
areas and heavy cracking clays near Lagoon Creek to target the presence of the Grey Snake (Hemiaspis
damelii), Grassland Earless Dragon and the Five-clawed Worm Skink.
A total of 20 pit traps, comprising 600 mm x 30 mm steel pipe, were established at three sites. The pits were
opened for three consecutive nights and checked each morning. Drift fences consisted of 300 mm high
polyurethane damp course. The total pit trapping effort equated to 60 trap nights. Pit traps sites were
selected to sample grassland and woodland habitat with an open understorey.
7.5.3.
Results
Species Diversity
A total of 149 vertebrate fauna species have been recorded within the Project site to date including the
results of the current survey and previous investigations (i.e. Debus 1997; Woodward-Clyde 1997, Ison
1999, SKM 2007). This total includes 23 mammal, 92 bird, 10 reptile and 9 frog species. A breakdown of
fauna species across all surveys to date is provided in Table 7-7.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-32
Table 7-7 Fauna species diversity recorded in the Project site
Group
Current
survey
WoodwardClyde
(1997)
Debus
(1997)
Ison (1999)
SKM
(2007)
Total
Mammals (introduced)
19(5)
11(3)
-
17(5)
-
23(6)
Birds (introduced)
56(2)
54(2)
72(2)
53(2)
-
92(2)
Reptiles
10
1
-
-
15
25
Frogs (introduced)
2
1
-
7(1)
-
9(1)
TOTAL SPECIES
149
Terrestrial mammals
A total of six terrestrial mammal species (two native and four introduced) were recorded through visual
observation and secondary indications. No mammals were trapped during the study despite over 360 trap
nights. The total diversity of terrestrial mammals recorded from the site is eight species (six introduced).
The only native terrestrial mammals recorded were the Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and
Swamp Wallaby (Wallabia bicolour), which were observed in low numbers throughout the woodland and
grassland habitats. No native small mammals have been recorded within the Project site despite the
completion of three comprehensive trapping surveys to date.
The introduced House Mouse (Mus musculus) was the most common mammal found during survey by
Woodward-Clyde (1997) and Ison (1999) and was found in all areas and vegetation types. This species
tolerates highly disturbed sites and the availability of food in adjacent croplands allows large populations to
build up. The house mouse is a species which exhibits a boom or bust fluctuation in population which is
directly attributed to environmental conditions. The effects of the drought and lack of food resources within
the Project site leading up to the 2007 surveys is expected to have had a negative impact on rodent
populations and would account from the absence of these species. A lack of suitable habitat is the likely
cause for the absence of small native ground mammals.
Arboreal mammals
Common Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were recorded in low numbers in poplar box and
mountain coolibah woodland. Koalas were also found in poplar box woodland throughout the Project site
particularly to the northwest and southwest of Acland and along portions of Lagoon Creek as depicted in
Photo 7-14.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-33
Photo 7-14 Koala recorded in poplar box on Lagoon Creek
Bats
Eleven microchiropteran bat species were recorded within the Project site during the survey. An additional
one microchiropteran species and one megachiropteran species (Grey-headed Flying-fox) were recorded
from previous surveys of the Project site. The majority of species recorded were tree (hollow) roosting
species with the exception of the Large Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) and Little Pied Bat
(Chalinolobus picatus) which have been predominantly recorded roosting in caves (Churchill 1997). There
were no cave roosting sites observed within the Project site.
The bat assemblage recorded within the Project site comprises species typical of both coastal and drier
inland habitats, and reflects the location of the Project site, both in terms of the overlap between east and
west biogeographic regions and the range of habitats supported. The use of bat detectors indicated that
activity is evenly distributed across the Project site with bats recorded in all woodland areas including hunting
over open dam sites. This behaviour is a reflection of the availability of insect prey at these locations and
indicates that individuals are capable of travelling considerable distances to feed.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-34
Birds
A total of 56 bird species were observed within the Project site during the survey. The data recorded from
previous studies records a total bird diversity of 93 species.
The dominant bird groups noted included granivores and corvids followed by foliage and aerial insectivores,
nectarvores and waterfowl. Diurnal and nocturnal raptors were notably low in abundance which as
previously discussed may relate to the absence of house mice in comparison to previous years. A low
diversity and abundance of lorikeets (Psitticidae) and honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) were noted which may be
related to the lack of blossom from the dominant trees during the survey. The presence of honeyeaters
appeared to be directly related to the abundance of mistletoe present in riparian vegetation along Lagoon
Creek. Common species included the Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater, Striped Honeyeater, Blue-faced
Honeyeater and Brown Honeyeater.
Several common birds were recorded as widespread and abundant within the woodland habitats within the
Project site and could be considered generalists, this included the Australian Raven (Corvus coronoides),
Grey Butcherbird (Cracticus torquatus), Pied Butcherbird (C. nigrogularis), Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina
tibicen) and Golden Whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis). The Double-barred Finch (Taeniopygia
beichenovii), Zebra Finch (T. guttata), Australian Pipit (Anthus australis) and Brown Falcon (Falco subniger)
were also common, although restricted to open grassland habitats. Single observations were made of the
Little Eagle (Hieraaetus morphnoides), Nankeen Night Heron (Nycticorax caledonicus), White-faced Heron
(Egretta noveaehollandiae), Painted Honeyeater (Grantiella picta) and Pheasant Coucal (Centropus
phasianinus).
Reptiles and Amphibians
A total of ten reptile species were recorded during the recent field surveys within the Project site. Targeted
surveys conducted for the Stage 2 EIS as part of the EPBC Act approval conditions (SKM 2007) recorded an
additional 15 species. This is the most comprehensive list of reptiles recorded to date within the Project site
and includes one species, the Bearded Dragon (Pogona barbata), which was previously identified in the
Woodward-Clyde (1997) survey. The total number of reptile species recorded within the Project site includes
25 species all of which are considered common and widespread species in southern Queensland.
Appendix J.2 provides a list of the 25 species recorded as part of the survey.
The reptile diversity is dominated by skinks (family Scincidae) representing 40% of the total species of reptile
recorded. The skinks identified are all generalists found in a variety of forest and woodland habitats where
there is adequate cover of trees, leaf litter and logs. The skinks identified included Cryptoblepharus virgatus,
Carlia foliorum, Morethia boulengeri and Egernia striolata. These habitats are also frequented by the
geckos, Gehyra dubia and Oedura robusta. Single observations were recorded for the Blind Snake
(Ramphotyphlops nigrescens), Yellow-faced Whip Snake (Demansia psammophis) and Eastern Brown
Snake (Pseudonaja textilis). All three observations were associated with grassland and woodland habitats
and the presence of large logs.
A total of only two frog species were recorded from the current field surveys on the Project site. This low
diversity reflects the dry conditions prevalent at the time of the survey. An additional eight species have
previously been identified within the Project site (Woodward-Clyde 1997; Ison 1999) following extensive
rainfall periods. The most widespread and abundant species recorded from the recent surveys was the
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-35
Spotted Grass Frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis). Individuals were found around the edges of remnant
farm dams and associated with pools along Lagoon Creek. Frog habitat is generally restricted to these
areas although some areas of moderate quality habitat occur, particularly along parts of Lagoon Creek. A
single observation was recorded for the Rocket Frog (Litoria nasuta).
7.5.4.
Areas of conservation value for fauna
The following areas were identified as having conservation value for fauna.

Poplar box woodland in general was found to provide habitat of conservation value for a diversity of
woodland birds, reptiles and arboreal mammals. The presence of Koalas and Common Brushtail
Possums was typically associated with this habitat type. Koala presence was also noted in lower
abundance in the south-western portion of the Project site and parts of Lagoon Creek, where poplar box
was common.

Areas of fallen timber and scattered rocks are favoured by reptiles, as cover and shelter. These habitats
were most notably along road reserves and the hillocks at the south-western corner of the Project site.
Fallen timber was commonly observed wherever small fragments of remnant woodland were noted. This
occurrence is generally related to the presence of remnant and senescent trees retained in the farming
landscape or previously felled in pasture areas.

Grassland habitats were favoured by granivorous birds. Grasslands are common and widespread
throughout pasture areas and along the edges of woodland.

Eucalypt woodlands provide valuable habitat for a diversity of bird species, particularly those with high
structural and floristic diversity such as along road reserves. The highest diversity of birds was recorded
from riparian habitat along Lagoon Creek. This habitat is particularly valuable to nectarivores due to the
abundance of a number of mistletoe species.

Hollow bearing trees occur in very low density and are scattered individually throughout all wooded
areas. No areas were found to exhibit a high density of hollow-bearing trees. These microhabitat
features are important nesting, sheltering and denning sites for hollow-dependent species, such as
insectivorous bats, birds and reptiles. Large, mature hollow bearing trees and trees with decorticating
and loose bark should be conserved wherever possible to maintain habitat on site for these species.
7.5.5.
Introduced Fauna
Eight introduced vertebrate fauna species have been identified within the Project site to date including one
amphibian, two birds and five mammals. This list includes the Cane Toad (Rhinella marina), Common Myna
(Acridotheres tristis), Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), Brown Hare (Lepus capensis), House Mouse,
Black Rat (Rattus rattus), Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Feral Cat (Felus catus). The most abundant species
recorded during the current survey were the common myna and starling, individuals were observed in all
habitat types. Although, these species generally favour more modified and disturbed habitats, particularly
around disused farm sheds and buildings.
Introduced rodents included the House Mouse and Black Rat. These rodents were noted in abundance
during previous surveys conducted by Woodward-Clyde (1997) and Ison (1999). House mice in particular
were noted to be abundant during both surveys. In contrast neither species was recorded during the current
surveys despite a trapping effort of approximately 360 trap nights.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-36
Two feral predators were found to occur in low abundance which included the Fox and Feral Cat. Both
species would contribute a negative impact on populations of native small vertebrate fauna.
The cane toad was present during previous surveys by Woodward-Clyde (1997) and Ison (1999), but was
absent from the current survey. Similarly, the absence of this species could be attributed to the very dry
conditions experienced during the survey period.
7.5.6.
Occurrence of Significant Fauna Species
Frogs
Rough-collared Frog
The Rough-collared Frog (Cyclorana verrucosa) is a burrowing species inhabiting open grasslands and
woodlands where it is usually found near temporary ponds, ditches, claypans and creeks. Potential habitat
occurs along the length of Lagoon Creek. At the time of this survey no specimens were observed.
Reptiles
No reptile species of conservation significance under the EPBC Act or NC Act were identified during the
survey, despite particular attention being paid to five species known to have occurred within the Project site
in the past. Comments on these five significant reptile species are listed below.
Five-clawed Worm Skink
There is an old record of a sighting of the Five-clawed Worm Skink along roadside grasslands at Bowenville,
between Oakey and Dalby. A recent record of this species from Felton, southwest of Toowoomba, also
exists. Direct searches and pitfall trapping were undertaken to determine the presence of this species of
skink within the Project site. At the time of this survey no specimens were observed.
Dunmall’s Snake
Dunmall’s Snake occurs in Brigalow, Belah and Cypress Pine dominated ecosystems throughout the
Brigalow Belt. There are no substantial remnants of these ecosystem types within the Project site, and those
remnants that remain are both heavily grazed and lack suitable shelter sites. The absence of these features
and a failure to record the species during repeated surveys over a ten year period strongly suggests that it
no longer occurs within the local area.
Grassland Earless Dragon
There are recent records of the Grassland Earless Dragon on farms near Toowoomba and this represents
the only known distribution of the species in Queensland. The species is restricted to a small number of
Natural Temperate Grassland sites dominated by wallaby grasses (Nothodanthonia spp.), spear grasses
(Austrostipa spp.), poa tussock (Poa sieberiana), red grass (Bothriochloa macra) and occasionally kangaroo
grass (Themeda triandra). Introduced pasture grasses occur at many of sites that support this species
(Robertson and Cooper 2000). Within its habitat, the species apparently prefers areas with an open
structure, characterised by small patches of bare ground between the grasses and herbs. Particular effort
was made during the survey to determine the presence of this species through direct searches and pitfall
trapping within the Project site. Suitable habitat is relatively common and widespread throughout the Project
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-37
site, and as a result, populations may occur. However, at the time of this survey no specimens were
observed.
Grey Snake
The Grey snake (Hemiaspis damelii) is endangered under the NC Act. This species favours woodlands,
usually on heavier, cracking clay soils, particularly in association with water bodies and low-lying flood prone
areas. There is very limited habitat for this species within the Project site. Although, some cracking clay
soils were noted in low-lying areas near Lagoon Creek in the north-eastern portions of the Project site.
Although no individuals were recorded at the time of the survey, particular effort was made to determine the
presence of this species, through direct searches and pitfall trapping.
Golden-tailed Gecko
The Golden-tailed Gecko (Strophurus taenicauda) has recently been recorded to exist within the roadside
brigalow, north of the Mine on the Oakey-Cooyar Road (S. Marston pers. comm.). This species inhabits
open woodland and open forest sheltering under loose bark and hollow limbs. Almost all known records of
this species have occurred within the Brigalow Belt bioregion of the Darling Downs region and central
Queensland. The protection and management of brigalow is required to conserve potential habitat for this
species. At the time of this survey no specimens were observed.
7.5.6.1. Mammals
Grey-headed Flying-fox
There is a previous record of the Grey-headed Flying-fox within the Project site (Ison 1999). The species is
listed as nationally vulnerable under the EPBC Act. No individuals were recorded from the recent surveys
and no evidence of a roosting colony has been identified. It is likely that the woodland and forest patches on
site provide foraging habitat for this wide-ranging nomadic species. The species feeds on the nectar and
fruits of a diverse range of native and exotic plant species and may range over considerably large areas in
search of seasonally available food resources.
Little Pied Bat
The Little Pied Bat (Chalinolobus picatus) was recorded from bat call recordings throughout woodland
fragments during the recent surveys. The species is found in inland Queensland and occurs in dry open
forest and open woodland were it roosts in caves, rock outcrops, mine shafts, tunnels, tree hollows and
buildings.
Koala
The Koala was recorded from a number of locations within the Project site and is primarily associated with
poplar box communities on alluvium.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-38
Birds
Painted Honeyeater
A single observation was made of the Painted Honeyeater (Grantiella picta) within riparian habitat along
Lagoon Creek. This species is listed as rare under the NC Act. The species is nomadic and occurs at low
densities throughout its range and inhabits boree, brigalow and box-gum woodlands and box-ironbark
forests. This species is a specialist feeder on the fruits of mistletoes growing on woodland eucalypts and
acacias and prefers mistletoes of the genus Amyema. Habitat for this species was found to be restricted to
woodland along Lagoon Creek in the vicinity of trap site 2 as displayed in Figure 7-4. Threats to this species
include the clearing of woodlands and open forests and removal of large, old trees with heavy mistletoe
infestations.
7.5.6.2. Migratory Species
One species listed as migratory under the EPBC Act was recorded from the recent surveys, namely the
Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis). Individuals were observed in conjunction with current and former grazing land
and are adaptable to modified landscapes.
7.5.7.
Habitat Corridors
Habitat corridors are a frequently discussed landscape feature and recommended management tool to
enhance landscape connectivity. However, the presence of vegetation cover does not necessarily imply
connectivity.
The fundamental question that must be asked in the discussion of such corridors is whether the particular
corridor is capable of facilitating sufficient delivery of the target species to the recipient habitat patch(es). It is
implicit that corridor capability can only be measured or evaluated on a site by site and species by species
basis. A given strip of habitat may be effective for one species and completely ineffective for another.
A review of aerial photography and remnant regional ecosystem maps was completed in conjunction with
field surveys to assess the location, extent and functionality of habitat corridors on the Project site and within
the Study Area. This assessment found the following.

The Project site is highly fragmented, and this is true of the broader Study Area. There are no
continuous tracts of remnant vegetation in the locality. Vegetation patches and fauna habitats occur as
generally small (less than 5ha) remnants in a matrix dominated by agricultural land uses.

Lagoon Creek provides a patchy vegetation corridor, supported by a small number of habitat nodes.
West of the Acland-Sabine Road the creek is completely devoid of native vegetation and the corridor
provides no connectivity between larger patches of habitat. However, from Willaroo Road through to
Oaky-Cooyar Road, Lagoon Creek provides a degree of connectivity.
7.6.
Likelihood Assessment - Significant Flora and Fauna
The results from all comprehensive flora and fauna surveys within the Project site to date have recorded a
total of three vertebrate fauna species of conservation significance as described in Table 7-8. This list
includes one nationally vulnerable species listed under the EPBC Act and a further two species listed as rare
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-39
in Queensland under the NC Act. Four flora of conservation significance are known from the Project site and
all are listed under the EPBC Act.
Table 7-8 below summarises the known and/or likely occurrence of significant flora and fauna species on the
Project site.
Table 7-8 Likelihood of occurrence – Significant flora and fauna
Common name
Species
Cwlth
QLD
Recorded
from
Project
site
Status
Likelihood of Occurrence
MAMMALS
Spotted-tailed Quoll
Dasyurus maculatus
E
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby
Petrogale penicillilata
V
V
No
Unlikely
Little Pied bat
Chalinolobus picatus
R
Yes
Known
Koala
Phascolarctos cinereus
V
(SEQ)
Yes
Known
BIRDS
Swift Parrot
Lathamus discolor
E
E
No
Possible, but unlikely to
rely on Project site.
Coxen’s Fig-parrot
Cyclopsitta diophthalma
coxeni
E
E
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
Paradise Parrot
Psephotus pulcherrimus
EX
PE
No
Unlikely. Species is
presumed extinct.
Black-breasted Buttonquail
Turnix melanogaster
V
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
Square-tailed Kite
Lophoictinia isura
R
No
Possible, but unlikely to
rely on Project site.
Grey Goshawk
Accipiter novaehollandiae
R
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
Red-browed Treecreeper
Climacteris erythrops
R
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
Squatter Pigeon
Geophaps scripta scripta
V
No
Unlikely. Conspicuous
species which would be
detected if present.
Powerful Owl
Ninox strenua
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
Painted Honeyeater
Grantiella picta
R
Yes
Known
Rough Collared Frog
Cyclorana verrucosa
R
No
Possible. Suitable habitat
present.
Green Thighed Frog
Litoria brevipalmata
R
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
Grey Snake
Hemiaspis damelii
E
No
Possible. Suitable habitat
present.
Common Death Adder
Acanthophis antarcticus
R
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
V
FROGS and REPTILES
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-40
Common name
Species
Cwlth
QLD
Recorded
from
Project
site
V
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
R
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
Status
Likelihood of Occurrence
Collared Delma
Delma torquata
Skink
Lampropholis colossus
Dunmall’s Snake
Furina dunmalli
V
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent from Project site.
Five-clawed Worm Skink
Anomalopus mackayi
V
V
No
Possible. Suitable habitat
present.
Grassland Earless Dragon
Tympanocryptis
pinguicolla
E
E
No
Unlikely. Species currently
under taxonomic review.
Golden-tailed Gecko
Strophurus taenicauda
R
No
Possible. Suitable habitat
present.
Bailey’s Cypress
Callitris baileyi
R
No
Unlikely. Conspicuous
species which would be
detected if present.
Haloragis
Haloragis exaltata subsp.
velutina
V
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent.
Brush Sophora
Sophora fraseri
V
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent.
Botched Sarcochilus
Sarcochilus weinthalii
V
E
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent.
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus decolor
R
No
Unlikely. Conspicuous
species which would be
detected if present.
Toadflax
Thesium australe
V
No
Possible. Suitable habitat
present.
Arytera
Arytera dictyoneaura
R
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent.
Solanum
Solanum stenopterum
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent.
Clematis
Clematis fawcettii
V
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent.
Bothriochloa
Bothriochloa biloba
V
V
Yes
Known
Homopholis
Homopholis belsonii
V
E
Yes
Known
Paspalidium
Paspalidium
grandispiculatum
V
V
No
Unlikely. Suitable habitat
absent.
Digitaria
Digitaria porrecta
E
R
Yes
Known
Austral Cornflower
Stemmacantha australis
E
E
Yes
Known
FLORA
7.7.
V
Impacts on Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
The Project site has a long history of vegetation clearing and grazing, resulting in significant losses of
remnant forest and woodland, suppression of natural regeneration, loss of topsoil and productive seed
banks, a reduction in native shrub and groundcover diversity and weed invasion. These impacts can be
seen across much of the Project site, which is predominately covered in improved pasture grasslands and
scattered, poor quality patches of low regrowth vegetation.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-41
7.7.1.
Construction Impacts
Direct impacts will result from the clearing of woodland and forest vegetation and the associated fauna
habitats to accommodate the mine footprint and infrastructure. Regional ecosystem areas to be cleared are
discussed in section 7.6.3 and include mature trees, small and regenerating trees, shrubs and ground cover,
as well as dead trees, logs and fallen timber.
Edge effects refer to disturbance associated with an edge or boundary between retained vegetated habitats
and cleared areas such as mining areas or infrastructure. While the existing vegetated habitats are already
affected by edge effects resulting from past clearing and grazing as well as roads and rail, new edges would
be created during the construction phase of the Project. Edge effects may include loss of soil moisture,
increased wind, dust and noise impacts, changes to species composition and abundance, increased
predation and competition, and particularly increased weed invasion.
Disturbance effects, in particular relating to noise, vibration, dust, lighting and vehicle movements would also
be associated with both the construction and operation stages of the Project.
7.7.2.
Operational Impacts
There may be indirect impacts on faunal presence and abundance within these habitats as a result of
continual and long-term noise, general activity and lighting. Several nocturnal and diurnal fauna species may
be negatively affected. Disturbance tolerant fauna species may also benefit, which in effect could alter the
local faunal assemblages towards more adaptable species.
7.7.3.
Clearing of Vegetation
The Project will result in the clearing of 403 ha of remnant and regrowth vegetation, as summarised in
Table 7-9 and Figure 7-5. The area of non-remnant vegetation to be cleared is 159.9 and the area of
remnant vegetation to be cleared 243.7 ha.
Figure 7-5 shows the impact of the Project footprint in relation to the distribution of significant remnant
vegetation communities and flora species.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-42
claga
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Existing Infrastructure
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Proposed Private
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Existing Mining Lease
Stage 3 Mining Lease
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Remnant Vegetation
Non-Remnant Vegetation
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KELVINHAUGH
FIGURE 7-5
NEW ACLAND STAGE 3
COAL MINE EXPANSION
Impact on Observed Regional
Ecosystems and Threatened Flora
0
1
2
3
Kilometres
Scale 1:100,000 on A4
Projection: AMG - Zone 56 (AGD84)
4
I:\QENV2\Projects\QE06455\Spatial\Arc_MXD\Figures\Figure_7-5_Potential_Impacts_v2.mxd Produced: 10/08/2009.
11.8.5
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Table 7-9 Area of regional ecosystems to be cleared
Regional
Ecosystem
Description
11.3.1
Acacia harpophylla and/or
Casuarina cristata open forest on
alluvial plains
11.3.2;
11.3.2a
Eucalyptus populnea woodland on
alluvial plains; Eucalyptus conica
woodland on alluvial plains
11.3.2/
11.3.17
Eucalyptus populnea woodland on
alluvial plains; Eucalyptus conica
woodland on alluvial plains with
Eucalyptus populnea woodland with
Acacia harpophylla and/or
Casuarina cristata on alluvial plains
11.3.17
11.3.21
Ecological
Community
Status EPBC
Act
Regional
Ecosystem
Status VM Act
Nonremnant
area
cleared
(ha)
Remnant
area
cleared
(ha)
Endangered
Endangered
22.2
0.1
26.9
35.2
N/A
Of Concern
N/A
Of Concern/
35.7
Endangered
Eucalyptus populnea woodland with
Acacia harpophylla and/or
Casuarina cristata on alluvial plains
N/A
Of Concern
Dichanthium sericeum and/or
Astrebla spp. grassland on alluvial
plains. Cracking clay soils
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
N/A
Not of
Concern
N/A
Of Concern
11.3.24
Themeda avenacea grassland on
alluvial plains. Basalt derived soils
11.8.5;
11.8.5a
Eucalyptus orgadophila open
woodland on Cainozoic igneous
rocks; Eucalyptus orgadophila
woodland with a dense understorey
of low trees species
16.5
0.6
93.7
78.5
0.6
70.7
11.9.10
22.9
Acacia harpophylla, Eucalyptus
populnea open forest on
Cainozoic fine-grained
sedimentary rocks
Total
159.9
243.7
The Project will have the following impacts on vegetation:

There will be the displacement of a variety of fauna species which currently utilise the existing area for
feeding, resting and roosting. This displacement will include a range of amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals. The immediate effect on plant and animal species can be significant. For vertebrate
animals, comparative estimates of woodland bird densities indicate that between 1000 to 2000 birds
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-44
permanently lose their habitat for every 100 ha of woodland cleared (Bennett 1993), while it has been
estimated that the clearing of mallee for wheat kills more than 85% of the resident reptiles on average,
more than 200 individual reptiles per hectare (Cogger 1991).

There will be a direct loss of individual plants, the majority of which are considered “least concern” under
the NC Act and subordinate legislation.

The longer term effects of native vegetation clearance on species are habitat loss and species
fragmentation. Such effects have the potential to impact both flora and fauna species as well as plant
community structure.

The long-term diversion of Lagoon Creek and subsequent loss of ephemeral breeding sites for
amphibians and riparian vegetation is of great significance. The temporary staged diversions of Lagoon
Creek will contain pool habitats which will provide watering opportunities for terrestrial vertebrates and
breeding sites for amphibians.
There will be approximately 60 ha of remnant vegetation and 30 ha of non-remnant vegetation left unaffected
by the Project and these areas will continue to be viable areas for fauna to use for feeding, resting and
roosting.
7.7.4.
Diversion of Lagoon Creek
Approximately 8.2 km of Lagoon Creek will be diverted around the Manning Vale resource area via a series
of staged diversions. These diversions will assist in maintaining ephemeral flows and connectivity through
this part of the Lagoon Creek catchment. Existing, patchy riparian vegetation will be lost during the diversion
process. These areas provide a unique set of conditions for amphibians in particular and also tend to be
more productive in terms of blossom production and foliage nutrient value. They are important areas for birds
and arboreal mammals, including the Koala.
Reconstruction of Lagoon Creek will occur progressively behind the mine path. The progressive
reconstruction of Lagoon Creek is proposed to be completed by approximately 2032 and is planned to
significantly improve the condition of the riparian vegetation. Chapter 5 Surface Water Resources provides
a comprehensive assessment of the Lagoon Creek diversion.
7.7.5.
Matters of National Environmental Significance
Impacts on Threatened Ecological Communities
There are three EECs present within the Project site (bluegrass grassland, brigalow woodland and
semi-evergreen vine thicket). Bluegrass grassland and brigalow woodland will be subject to some
disturbance and/or loss. Ecosystem profiles for the bluegrass grassland and brigalow communities are
provided in Appendix J.5. There will be no clearing of the semi-evergeen vine thicket.
The bluegrass ecological community is extensively distributed across the Project site. However, only a
proportion of this ecological community is in adequate condition to be classified as “remnant” under the
VM Act. A total of 78.5 ha of remnant bluegrass grassland will be disturbed, whilst 93.7 ha of regrowth
bluegrass grassland will be cleared.
The Project will result in the clearing of <1 ha of remnant brigalow woodland and 22 ha of non-remnant
brigalow woodland.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-45
Impacts on the Bluegrass and Brigalow EECs are discussed in Table 7-10 and Table 7-11 respectively.
Table 7-10 EPBC Act assessment of significance on Bluegrass ecological community
Criteria
Assessment of Significance
The action is likely to have
a significant impact on an
endangered community if
it is likely to:
Bluegrass ecological community
Lead to a long-term adverse
impact on an ecological
community
The Bluegrass EEC was eligible for listing as a nationally threatened community because
it has declined in distribution to approximately 10% of its former range. That is, over 90%
of the original extent of the Bluegrass community has been destroyed or severely
degraded. The remaining 10% continues to decline as a result of changes to species
composition through clearing for cropping or improved pasture, weed invasion, total
grazing pressure and the interaction of these impacts combined with extreme climatic
events.
Approximately 78.5 ha of remnant bluegrass grassland is to be removed as part of the
Project. The majority of the 78.5 ha of remnant Dichanthium sericeum grassland
community is located within the Manning Vale resource area and is planned to be
progressively disturbed between 2015 and 2020.
As a result, NAC is proposing to develop a biodiversity offset for the 78.5 ha of remnant
D. sericeum grassland community. The proposed biodiversity offset will be located on
land owned and controlled by APC, and comprise an area of 80 ha. NAC’s proposed
biodiversity offset will involve establishing a new area of Dichanthium sericeum grassland
community within a parcel of land already used for agricultural purposes.
NAC is proposing to conduct a full scale trial (80 ha) during the approvals and
construction phase of the Project to demonstrate that a D. sericeum grassland
community comprising the appropriate species can be developed. If acceptable, NAC
will commence a full scale trial during 2010, which would allow at least five years until
commencement of clearance and ten years until completion of clearance of the original
78.5 ha of remnant grassland (i.e. 2015 and 2020, respectively).
The full scale trial would involve development of a specific Bluegrass Revegetation
Management Plan (BRMP) that would outline the methodology for establishing and
managing a D. sericeum dominated grassland community. Key aspects of the BRMP
would include the revegetation and management goals/objectives, trial location and area
details, planned revegetation techniques (e.g. species selection, seeding methods and
rates, timing, etc.), rehabilitation acceptance criteria, a monitoring and reporting regime, a
maintenance regime for weeds and poor establishment, and a comprehensive long term
management regime.
Provided that the rehabilitation trial is successful, the Project will achieve no nett loss of
the Bluegrass ecological community and it is considered unlikely that there will be longterm adverse impacts on the ecological community.
Reduce the extent of a
community
Implementation of the BRMP will create a single, consolidated patch of the Bluegrass
EEC which exceeds the current extent of the community on the Project site.
Fragment an occurrence of
the community
The vegetation type is currently fragmented through past clearing and exacerbated by
current grazing practices across the Project site and the wider locality. Implementation of
the BRMP will ultimately create a single, consolidated patch of habitat in contrast to the
existing highly fragmented occurrence of the community.
Adversely affect habitat
critical to the survival of an
ecological community
The Project will impact on a number of small, highly fragmented patches of bluegrass
grassland. The patches are located in an agricultural landscape and are subject to
grazing pressure, mechanical disturbance and weed invasion. As a result, these patches
are not considered critical to the survival of the ecological community.
Modify or destroy abiotic
(non-living) factors (such as
water, nutrients, or soil)
necessary for the
community's survival
This community displays some resilience to changing abiotic and biotic factors, and
persists in highly disturbed and modified environments such as road reserves and
between cropping lands. The Project is unlikely to modify habitat factors to the extent that
the survival of the community is compromised.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-46
Criteria
Assessment of Significance
Result in invasive species
that are harmful to the
endangered community
becoming established in an
occurrence of the
community
The Bluegrass communities of the Project site currently have several invasive species
present (e.g. buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), harrisia cactus (Eriocereus spp.), velvety
tree pear (Opuntia tomentosa), etc.) in addition to the presence of a constant grazing
regime. There is potential for the spread of weed species as a result of construction and
operation activities. However, as part of the mine operation there will be a weed
management plan in place. As a result, weeds should be kept under control as part of
the Project’s management regime.
Interfere with the recovery of
an ecological community
No formal recovery plan has been adopted for the Bluegrass communities under the
provisions of the EPBC Act as yet.
Table 7-11 EPBC Act assessment of significance on Brigalow ecological community
Criteria
Assessment of Significance
The action is likely to have a
significant impact on an
endangered community if it
is likely to:
Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) community
Lead to a long-term adverse
impact on an ecological
community
Brigalow dominated communities originally covered 7,324,560 ha with stands in both
Queensland and NSW. This total amount has been reduced to around 10% of the original
cover through various practices (Departmnent of Environment and Heritage 2004).
Currently, it is estimated that some 661,000 ha of brigalow dominated vegetation types
are still present within the Queensland Brigalow Belt Region.
Approximately 0.1 ha of remnant brigalow Woodland is to be removed as part of the
Project, whilst 22 ha of brigalow regrowth will be cleared.
In response, NAC is proposing to establish a vegetation rehabilitation zone of 200 m
(100 m either side of the main channel) along Lagoon Creek. This 200 m riparian zone
will be progressively re-established along the 8.5 km reconstructed section of Lagoon
Creek between 2018-2033, which eventually includes a one kilometre section of
permanent creek diversion. This rehabilitation proposal will generate a 170 ha riparian
zone along Lagoon Creek within the Project area. Brigalow and poplar box will dominate
the species selection which will also include associated ecosystem species for improved
diversity, structure and habitat (e.g. Casuarina cristata, Geijera spp., etc.).
The proposed 170 ha riparian zone rehabilitation will link with a conservation zone under
establishment immediately north along the section of Lagoon Creek within ML 50216
(New Acland Coal Mine’s Stage 2 expansion). The management of the conservation
zone along Lagoon Creek is outlined by a dedicated Conservation Management Plan
(SKM 2008), which has been approved by the Department of Environment and Resource
Management. The intent of the conservation zone along Lagoon Creek is to re-establish
a minimum riparian zone of 100 m (50 m either side of the main channel).
To facilitate the progressive re-establishment of the 170 ha riparian zone of Lagoon
Creek, NAC will develop a specific management plan for rehabilitation and long term
management - Lagoon Creek Rehabilitation Plan (LCRP). It is envisaged the LCRP will
also address rehabilitation of the in-stream portion of the creek (e.g. channel structure,
aquatic flora and fauna management issue, etc.). The main components of the LCRP
would include the revegetation and management goals/objectives, planned revegetation
techniques (e.g. species selection, planting methods and rates, timing, etc.),
rehabilitation acceptance criteria, a monitoring and reporting regime, a maintenance
regime for weeds and poor establishment, and a comprehensive long term management
regime.
Implementation of the LCRP will create a large, consolidated block of habitat which
contains the Brigalow EEC and significantly improved local landscape connectivity for
flora and fauna.
Reduce the extent of a
community
Implementation of the LCRP, as discussed above, will ultimately increase the extent of
the Brigalow EEC.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-47
Criteria
Assessment of Significance
Fragment an occurrence of
the community
The vegetation type is currently fragmented through past clearing and exacerbated by
current grazing practices across the Project site and the wider locality. The Project will
not fragment any contiguous stands of brigalow, but will create a consolidated vegetated
area on Lagoon Creek.
Adversely affect habitat
critical to the survival of an
ecological community
The Project will impact on a number of small, highly fragmented stands of brigalow. The
patches are located in an agricultural landscape and are subject to grazing pressure,
mechanical disturbance and weed invasion. As a result, these patches are not
considered critical to the survival of the ecological community.
Modify or destroy abiotic
(non-living) factors (such as
water, nutrients, or soil)
necessary for the
community's survival
This community displays some resilience to changing abiotic and biotic factors, and
persists in highly disturbed and modified environments such as road reserves and
between cropping lands. Patches of brigalow woodland which are not disturbed directly
as a result of the construction and operation of the Project are considered likely to persist
in the longer term. The project is unlikely to modify habitat factors to the extent that the
survival of the community is compromised.
Result in invasive species
that are harmful to the
endangered community
becoming established in an
occurrence of the
community
The brigalow communities of the Project site currently have several invasive species
present (e.g. buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), harrisia cactus (Eriocereus spp.), velvety
tree pear (Opuntia tomentosa), etc.) in addition to the presence of a constant grazing
regime. There is potential for the spread of weed species as a result of construction and
operation activities. However, as part of the mine operation there will be a weed
management plan in place. As a result, weeds should be kept under control as part of
the Project’s management regime.
Interfere with the recovery of
an ecological community
No formal recovery plan has been adopted for the brigalow communities under the
provisions of the EPBC Act as yet.
Impacts on Threatened Flora Species
Four species listed under the EPBC Act occur within the Project site, and are as follows.

Homopholis belsonii (Vulnerable) – The majority of areas where Belson’s Panic occurs would be cleared
for the construction of the mine pit and out of pit spoil dumps.

Bothriochloa biloba (Vulnerable) – Of the two patches of lobed bluegrass within the Project site, one of
the patches would be cleared for the construction of the mine pit and the other patch may be impacted
by the construction of the private haul road.

Stemmacantha australis (Vulnerable) – Three patches occur within the vicinity of the private haul road
route. These patches may be impacted by the construction of the private haul road depending upon the
final alignment.

Digitaria porrecta (Endangered) – A single patch of finger panic grass is present within the Project site
and will be removed for the construction of the mine pit and out of pit spoil dumps.

Impacts on these species of threatened flora are assessed against the EPBC Act Significant Impact
Guidelines in Table 7-10 to Table 7-14.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-48
Table 7-12 EPBC Act assessment of significance on Threatened flora
Criteria
Assessment of Significance
The action is likely to have a
significant impact on a vulnerable
species if it is likely to:
Homopholis belsonii, Bothriochloa biloba, Stemmacantha australis, Digitaria
porrecta
Lead to a long-term decrease in
the size of an important
population of a species
Homopholis belsonii enjoys a relatively widespread distribution in the Acland locality
and is known from many roadside locations. Bothriochloa biloba, Stemmacantha
australis, Digitaria porrecta are much more restricted in distribution and the
continued occurrence of B. biloba and D. porrecta requires confirmation.
Recent project work completed by NAC has demonstrated that H. belsonii species
can be successfully translocated with a high survival rate. As a result, it is intended
that a PSRMP be developed which includes the transplantation and management
goals/objectives, site details, a propagule collection and propagation strategy,
planned transplantation techniques (e.g. site preparation, transplanting methods,
timing, watering regime - pre and post transplantation, etc.), transplantation success
criteria, a monitoring and reporting regime, a maintenance regime for weeds and
poor establishment, and a comprehensive long term management regime.
It is envisaged that the recovered plants will be located off the Project site on APC
land. A potential relocation site for the recovered plants may be an existing road
reserve to the west of the Project, which would be closed and designated a long
term conservation zone. This relocation site for the recovered plants would be
immediately west of the planned Jondaryan-Muldu Road re-alignment (i.e. along its
former conceptual route).
Successful implementation of the PSRMP would ensure that there was no long-term
decrease in the size of populations of these species.
Reduce the area of occupancy of
an important population
Plant material will be collected from all metapopulations to be impacted, and will be
translocated to a receiving site within the same locality. As such, translocated plants
will be located within the same area of occupancy as the existing plants. More
significantly, they will be located within a designated conservation area, rather than
roadside vegetation which is subject to extensive disturbance.
Fragment an existing important
population into two or more
populations
Populations of these species are already highly fragmented. To that extent, the
Project will not fragment any populations which are not already widely separated.
Adversely affect habitat critical to
the survival of a species
The Project will impact on a number of highly fragmented populations of these
species. The patches are located in an agricultural landscape and are subject to
grazing pressure, mechanical disturbance and weed invasion. As a result, these
patches are not considered critical to the survival of the species.
Disrupt the breeding cycle of an
important population
These plants maintain self-sustaining populations in roadside vegetation. It is
expected that they will also reproduce within the proposed translocation areas and
as such, the breeding cycle will not be significantly disrupted.
Modify, destroy, remove or isolate
or decrease the availability or
quality of habitat to the extent that
the species is likely to decline
The Project will disturb the habitat of these species. However, implementation of the
PSRMP will result in the establishment of ex-situ populations of all species in a
secure location. It is therefore considered that the species are unlikely to decline as
a result of the Project.
Result in invasive species that are
harmful to a vulnerable species
becoming established in the
vulnerable species habitat
These species persist alongside several invasive species (e.g. Soft Roly Poly
(Salsola kali), Opuntia tomentosa, etc.). There is potential for the spread of weed
species as a result of construction and operation activities. However, as part of the
mine operation there will be a weed management plan in place. As a result, weeds
should be kept under control as part of the Project’s management regime.
Interferes substantially with the
recovery of the species
No formal recovery plan has been adopted for any of these threatened flora species
under the provisions of the EPBC Act.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-49
Impacts on Threatened Fauna Species
One EPBC Act listed fauna species has been recorded within the Project site, the Grey-headed Flying-fox.
This species is eligible to be listed as nationally threatened because it has suffered significant decline in
numbers. In 1989 the numbers of Grey-headed Flying-foxes was estimated to be 566,000 animals in New
South Wales alone. Ten years later, the population is estimated to be less than 400,000 animals nationally.
This represents a decline of approximately 30% in the national population of the Grey-headed Flying-fox.
The purpose of listing the Grey-headed Flying-fox under the EPBC Act is to recognise that the long term
survival of the species is under threat, prevent its further decline and assist community efforts toward the
recovery of the species.
An assessment of the impacts of the Project on the Grey-headed Flying-fox is provided against the
Administrative Guidelines on Significance – Supplement for the Grey-headed Flying-fox in Table 7-13.
Table 7-13 EPBC Act assessment of significance on Grey-headed Flying Fox
Criteria
Assessment of Significance
The action is likely to have a
significant impact on a vulnerable
species if it is likely to:
Grey-headed Flying-fox
Lead to a long-term decrease in
the size of an important
population of a species
The Grey-headed Flying-fox has been recorded as single individuals foraging in the
Project site. There are no camps located within the Project site. The records of the
species from the Project site and a general low level of activity indicate that the
population is transitory in nature, and does not fall within the definition of “important
population” as defined by the Act.
Reduce the area of occupancy of
an important population
The population is not considered to be an important population.
Fragment an existing important
population into two or more
populations
The population is not considered to be an important population.
Adversely affect habitat critical to
the survival of a species
The habitat within the Project site is clearly not critical to the survival of the species.
Disrupt the breeding cycle of an
important population
The population is not considered to be an important population.
Modify, destroy, remove or isolate
or decrease the availability or
quality of habitat to the extent that
the species is likely to decline
The occasional use of habitat within the Project site is consistent with the foraging
ecology of this species throughout its range. It will occur seasonally in the wider
locality, but may not utilise available habitats on a regular basis. Longer term,
re-establishment of Lagoon Creek’s riparian zone may offer additional habitat.
Result in invasive species that are
harmful to a vulnerable species
becoming established in the
vulnerable species habitat
The Project will not introduce any invasive species which is recognised as a threat
to this species.
Interferes substantially with the
recovery of the species
The Project is considered very unlikely to interfere with the recovery of the species.
The Project has been reviewed against the Administrative Guidelines on Significance – Supplement for the
Grey-headed Flying Fox. The Project will result in the temporary reduction in foraging habitat at a local level,
potentially adversely impacting on the foraging behaviour of members of the local flying-fox population.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-50
7.7.6.
Impacts on Migratory Species
One listed migratory species have been recorded on the Project site, the Cattle Egret. An additional species,
the White-throated Needletail, is considered to have at least a moderate likelihood of occurring at the Project
site based on the suitability of the habitat.
An assessment of the level of impact of the Project on these migratory species is provided in Table 7-14.
The administrative guidelines on significance of impacts with reference to a migratory species consider the
impacts of the Project on important habitat of the migratory species. An area of important habitat is defined
as:

habitat utilised by a migratory species occasionally or periodically within a region that supports an
ecologically significant proportion of the population of a species; or

habitat utilised by a migratory species which is at the limit of the species range; or

habitat within an area where the species is declining.
Table 7-14 EPBC Act assessment of significance on migratory species
Criteria
Assessment of Significance
The action is likely to have a
significant impact on a
migratory species if it is
likely to:

1. Substantially modify
(including by fragmenting,
altering fire regimes, altering
nutrient cycles or altering
hydrological cycles), destroy
or isolate an area of
important habitat of the
migratory species; or
There is no evidence to suggest that the Project site supports an 'ecologically significant'
proportion of a population of these migratory species. Given their migratory habits, the
ephemeral nature of important food and habitat resources and the extent of similar and
comparable habitat throughout the range of these species, it is likely that the habitats on
the Project site would be utilised infrequently and on a transitory basis only.
Cattle Egret
The cattle egret frequents open paddocks, pastures, wetlands and drains. Suitable
habitat can be found across much of the Project site. However, potential habitat for this
species is common and widespread throughout the wide range of this species. The
Project will not impact any important habitat for the species.

White-throated Needletail
A wide-ranging aerial species, which spends the large majority of their time feeding,
drinking and resting on the wing. Some use of forested areas occurs when roosting at
night. The Project would have minimal impact on the potential habitat of this species
throughout its range.
2. Result in invasive species
that are harmful to the
migratory species becoming
established in an area of
important habitat of the
migratory species; or
Based on the survey results there is little evidence to suggest that the Study Area
supports important habitat for these migratory species, based on the small numbers of
individuals observed. Much of the Brigalow Belt South Bioregion, including the Study
Area, has a history of forest clearing and habitat modification, which has benefited a
number of feral and invasive flora and fauna species. The Project is unlikely to further
increase the rates of species invasion that would result in harmful affects to the habitat of
these migratory species.
Cattle Egret and White-throated Needletail;
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-51
Criteria
Assessment of Significance
3. Seriously disrupt the
lifecycle (breeding, feeding
migration or resting
behaviour) of an ecological
significant proportion of the
population of a species.
There is no evidence to suggest that the Study Area supports an ecological significant
proportion of the population of these migratory species.
Cattle Egret
The cattle egret often favours disturbed environment and suitable habitat is plentiful both
within the immediate Project area and the wider environment. No effects on lifecycle of
this species are anticipated.

White-throated Needletail
The species breeds in the northern hemisphere (Siberia, the Himalayas and Japan). It
would not be impacted, as the Project would not alter foraging activities or the prey base
of this species.
There is no evidence to suggest that the Study Area supports an 'ecologically significant' proportion of a
population of these migratory species. Given their migratory habits, the ephemeral nature of important food
and habitat resources and the extent of similar and comparable habitat throughout the range of these
species, it is likely that the habitats on the Project site would be utilised infrequently and only on a transitory
basis.
7.7.7.
Impacts on Listed Marine Species
Whilst several marine listed bird species (EPBC Act) could possibly occur within the Project site and
surrounding areas, the Project site is not identified as a Commonwealth Marine area, and therefore, the
provisions of the EPBC Act assessment of significance do not apply in relation to impacts on marine listed
species as a result of the Project.
7.7.8.
Impacts on Habitat Corridors
The degree of habitat fragmentation that has occurred in the region has restricted fauna movement
opportunities to the larger vegetated riparian corridors along local watercourses, such as Lagoon Creek. This
permits the movement of mobile species of wildlife across the landscape, particularly birds, frogs and
arboreal mammals.
There are no contiguous areas of vegetation present on the Project site which have the capacity to function
as dispersal pathways between large vegetation patches. The functionality of the Lagoon Creek corridor has
already been reduced by historical clearing of vegetation. Given that there are already major canopy gaps
within the Lagoon Creek corridor, it is considered that the suite of species currently utilising this area as a
dispersal pathway will be restricted to those which are not gap-limited or edge adverse, such as open
country birds and bats. Forest interior birds, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians are unlikely to be
moving through the corridor at present.
The functionality of the Lagoon Creek Corridor will be greatly enhanced by the implementation of the
proposed Lagoon Creek Rehabilitation Plan (LCRP), which intends to restore habitat to a distance of 100 m
either side of the waterway.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
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7.7.9.
Matters of State Environmental Significance
Threatened Regional Ecosystems
Four threatened REs identified within the Project site have conservation significance at the State level.
These REs are listed as ‘endangered’ or ‘of concern’ under the VM Act.

RE 11.3.2 Eucalyptus populnea woodland on alluvial plains; Eucalyptus conica woodland on alluvial
plains (Of Concern).

RE 11.3.17 Eucalyptus populnea woodland with Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata on alluvial
plains (Of Concern).

RE 11.3.21 Dichanthium sericeum and/or Astrebla spp. grassland on alluvial plains (Endangered).

RE 11.9.10 Acacia harpophylla, Eucalyptus populnea open forest on Cainozoic fine-grained sedimentary
rocks (Of Concern).
Each of these REs is listed as an EEC under the EPBC Act and impacts have been discussed in
Section 7.7.5. The clearing of these REs may require vegetation offsets which comply with the draft Policy
for Biodiversity Offsets (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008).
The primary mitigation measure proposed for the loss of threatened REs is the development and
implementation of the LCRP. The LCRP involves the rehabilitation of the riparian zone within 100 m either
side of the main channel. This 200 m riparian zone will be progressively re established along the 8.5 km
reconstructed section of Lagoon Creek between 2018 and 2033.This rehabilitation proposal will generate a
170 ha riparian zone along Lagoon Creek within the Project area.
The proposed 170 ha riparian zone rehabilitation will link with a conservation zone under establishment
immediately north along the section of Lagoon Creek within ML 50216 (New Acland Coal Mine’s Stage 2
expansion). The management of the conservation zone along Lagoon Creek is outlined by a dedicated
Conservation Management Plan (SKM 2008), which has been approved by DERM. The intent of the
conservation zone along Lagoon Creek is to re-establish a minimum riparian zone of 100 m (50 m either side
of the main channel).
To facilitate the progressive re-establishment of the 170 ha riparian zone of Lagoon Creek, NAC will develop
a specific management plan for rehabilitation and long term management – the LCRP. It is envisaged the
LCRP will also address rehabilitation of the in-stream portion of the creek (e.g. channel structure, aquatic
flora and fauna management issue, etc.). The main components of the LCRP would include the revegetation
and management goals/objectives, planned revegetation techniques (e.g. species selection, planting
methods and rates, timing, etc.), rehabilitation acceptance criteria, a monitoring and reporting regime, a
maintenance regime, and a comprehensive long term management regime.
Threatened Fauna Species
Two rare species, listed under the NC Act, were recorded within the Project site, the Painted Honeyeater and
Little Pied Bat.
The Painted Honeyeater and Little Pied Bat will incur a short term loss in potential foraging and nesting
habitat during the life of the Project. Proposed vegetation offsets and the long-term rehabilitation of Lagoon
Creek will ultimately increase the area and quality of habitat available to these species. The proposed
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-53
vegetation offset comprises a number of large tracts of habitat which will be conserved and managed for
conservation purposes, thus benefiting these species at local and regional scales.
The long-term rehabilitation of Lagoon Creek will re-instate a riparian zone which far exceeds the current,
patchy distribution of vegetation in terms of both connectivity and area. This positive outcome will benefit
both the Painted Honeyeater and Little Pied Bat.
7.7.10. Fragmentation Impacts
Fragmentation has two primary effects. Firstly, it creates new ‘edges’ between remnants and cleared or
disturbed land leading to physical changes, such as different levels of exposure to the sun, wind and local air
temperature. Potential biotic changes include invasion by opportunistic species with good dispersal or
colonising abilities such as weeds and feral animals.
Secondly, fragmentation isolates and creates barriers between remnants. In most cases, recently isolated
remnants can be expected to continue losing species over an extended period of time. For example, it may
take several hundred years to lose some species such as long living trees, particularly since adult plants are
often less sensitive to changed environmental conditions than plants in seedling and juvenile stages. This
phenomenon also applies to fauna.
A review of current RE mapping demonstrates that the vegetation within the Project site is already highly
fragmented, to the point where there are no large patches of vegetation remaining and those that do remain
are poorly connected. Fragmentation impacts associated with the Project are expected to be minimal.
7.7.11. Impact of Weed Proliferation
A suite of weed species occurs within the Project site and there is potential that these may be spread into
new areas as a result of construction traffic and bulk earthworks. However, the Project will not introduce
weed infestation to any area which has not been subject to this process in the past. NAC will expand its
existing weed management plan to incorporate the new Project areas.
7.7.12. Impact of Feral Animal Species
Feral animal species are known to occur within the Project site and include the Cat, Fox, Rabbit, Hare, Pig
and Cane Toad. The Project will not lead to the introduction of any of these species to the Project site.
Given that appropriate management measures are implemented, the Project will not contribute to an
increase in populations of any of these pest species.
7.8.
Terrestrial Flora and Fauna - Mitigation Measures
The mitigation and rehabilitation measures described below have been devised to address impacts identified
in Section 7.5. The iterative process of Project planning has enabled the results of flora and fauna surveys
to be incorporated into decisions regarding the development of the Project.
7.8.1.
Bluegrass Revegetation Management
As discussed in the assessment of impacts on the Bluegrass EEC (Section 7.2.2 of this report), NAC is
committed to the development of a BRMP. The BRMP will articulate the approach to developing a
biodiversity offset for the 78.5 ha of remnant Dichanthium sericeum grassland community. The proposed
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-54
biodiversity offset will be located on land owned and controlled by Acland Pastoral Corporation, and
comprise an area of 80 ha. NAC’s proposed biodiversity offset will involve establishing a new area of
Dichanthium sericeum grassland community within a parcel of land already used for agricultural purposes.
7.8.2.
Biodiversity Offsets
The clearing of remnant vegetation associated with the Project may be assessable against the provisions of
the Draft Queensland Biodiversity Offset Policy (EPA, 2008). Based on the performance requirements
established by the Draft Policy, the Project may be required to offset the loss of approximately 173 ha of “of
concern” and “endangered” remnant vegetation. Threatened species and other biodiversity values may also
require offsets, although the position of the Project in relation to the Draft Policy is unclear.
The implementation of the proposed BRMP, LCMP and PSRMP are likely to satisfy the specific outcomes of
the Draft Policy and may offer an overall superior ecological outcome for the local Acland area.
7.8.3.
Protected Species Relocation Management Plan
As discussed in Section 7.7.5, a PSRMP will be developed for the threatened flora species impacted by the
Project. The PSRMP will seek to ensure no net loss of individuals from the local population and will include:

a discussion of known ecology and reproductive biology of the target species;

a methodology for relocating the target species;

a set of performance indicators to demonstrate successful relocation of the target species;

a review of propagation potential for the target species;

a methodology for the propagation of the target species;

identification of suitable receiving sites for the propagated and/or relocated individuals of the target
species; and

a regime for long term monitoring and management of translocation sites.
7.8.4.
Construction Phase Management
Areas to be cleared will have boundaries clearly marked by tape, pegs or other means. The demarcated
boundaries will conform within the limits of design drawings and will comply with the Mine’s existing
clearance procedures. Particular attention will be paid to defining the boundaries of clearing where
endangered and of concern REs are present.
All vegetation clearance will be restricted to that necessary for the safe operation of mining activities. A plan
for dealing with fauna during clearing and construction will be prepared to outline protocols for dealing with
injured wildlife and other necessary actions relating to fauna.
All remnant vegetation that does not require clearing will be protected from further disturbance to enhance its
potential for natural regeneration.
7.8.5.
Weed Management Strategies
A Weed Management Plan will be prepared for the Project. This Plan, as a minimum, will detail:
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-55

management methods for declared weeds within the Project site in accordance with local management
practice and / or agency guidelines, in particular for Lycium ferocissimum (African Boxthorn) and
Opuntia stricta (Prickly Pear);

management methods for weeds of concern within the Project site in accordance with the local
management strategies and / or agency guidelines, in particular for Xanthium pungens and X. spinosum
(Noogoora and Bathurst burrs, respectively);

monitoring of treated areas to assess the success of declared weed eradication;

monitoring of Project site to identify any new infestations;

information on identifying declared weeds; and

use of wash-down facilities for earthmoving equipment entering or leaving the Project site.
7.8.6.
Pest and Domestic Animal Management
NAC will continue to take reasonable steps to keep the Project site free of Class 1 and Class 2 declared
animal pests, in accordance with the requirements of the LP Act. Management of animal pests will also be
consistent with any pest management plans set by the TRC. NAC undertakes periodic consultation with
TRC to keep up to date with pest management issues.
To protect native fauna within the Project site, Project employees, contractors or visitors will not be allowed
to bring domestic animals, such as cats and dogs, onto the Project site.
7.8.7.
Rehabilitation of Lagoon Creek
The rehabilitation of Lagoon Creek will be a long term project, with temporary creek diversions expected to
be in place for some 15 years to 20 years. It is intended that pre-clearing vegetation types will be reinstated
along the entirety of the re-constructed length of Lagoon Creek. All works will be conducted in consultation
with the Condamine Alliance, DERM and the Northeastern Downs and Lagoon Creek Landcare Groups.
The following mitigation measures will be implemented to assist in protecting the EVs of Lagoon Creek.

As far as practical, works within Lagoon Creek will be conducted during dry seasons to limit the number
of animals within the creek system.

Pool habitats will be instated into the temporary diversion and the reconstructed Lagoon Creek to
provide limited habitat for amphibians and a watering point for birds, mammals and reptiles.

Native aquatic plants will be planted, where appropriate, in the reconstructed Lagoon Creek and the
temporary diversions to provide aquatic flora habitat. These areas are likely to be used by a range of
terrestrial vertebrates.

In-stream habitats such as woody debris and snags will be appropriately placed in the reconstructed
Lagoon Creek and the temporary diversion to increase habitat diversity and availability.

The reconstructed creek will be designed to incorporate pool, edge and run habitats.

Appropriate riparian vegetation will be reinstated to a distance of 100 m on both sides of Lagoon Creek,
substantially increasing the width and connectivity of riparian habitats in the long term.
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-56

7.9.
Chapter 5 Surface Water Resources provides a comprehensive assessment of the Lagoon Creek
diversion.
Conclusion
The Project site has a long history of vegetation clearing and grazing, resulting in significant losses of
remnant forest and woodland; suppression of natural regeneration through cropping and grazing; a high level
of habitat fragmentation; introduction of a range of pest vertebrates and weed invasion.
These impacts are evident throughout the Project site with only small remnants of original vegetation
present. The majority of the Project’s footprint is located on cleared agricultural land. Approximately 10% of
the Project site contains remnant or regrowth vegetation which has regenerated to a point at which is it
recognisable as a vegetation community in terms of both structure and floristic composition.
Nevertheless, the Project site supports a number of “of concern” and “endangered” REs, some of which are
also recognised as EECs under the EPBC Act. Threatened regional ecosystems include the following.

RE 11.3.1 Acacia harpophylla woodland or open forest on alluvial plains (Endangered). This RE is also
a component of the EPBC listed Brigalow Community, an endangered ecological community under the
EPBC Act.

RE 11.3.2 Eucalyptus populnea woodland on alluvial plains; Eucalyptus conica woodland on alluvial
plains (Of Concern).

RE 11.3.17 Eucalyptus populnea woodland with Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata on alluvial
plains (Of Concern).

RE 11.3.21 Dichanthium sericeum and/or Astrebla spp. grassland on alluvial plains (Endangered). This
RE is also a component of the EPBC listed Blugrass Community, an endangered ecological community
under the EPBC Act.

RE 11.9.10 Acacia harpophylla, Eucalyptus populnea open forest on Cainozoic fine-grained sedimentary
rocks (Of Concern).

In total, an area of 243 ha of mapped vegetation types representative of six regional ecosystems will be
cleared for the Project.
Four significant flora species are known to occur within the Project site, these are as follows.

Homopholis belsonsii (Vulnerable) – The majority of areas where Belson’s panic occurs would be
cleared for the construction of the pit and waste rock dumps. A PSRMP will be developed for this
species and implemented to ensure no net loss of individuals from the local population.

Bothriochloa biloba (Vulnerable) - Of the two patches of lobed bluegrass within the MDL 244 one of the
patches would be cleared for the construction of the pit and the other patch may be impacted by the
construction of a new road for the proposed mine expansion. A PSRMP will be developed for this
species and implemented to ensure no net loss of individuals from the local population. Confirmation of
the continued existence of this species within the Project area is required.

Stemmancantha australis (Vulnerable) – Three patches occur within the vicinity of the proposed private
haul road corridor. These patches may be impacted by construction of the private haul road depending
New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – Environmental Impact Statement
PAGE 7-57
upon the final alignment. If it is possible to avoid these specimens this will be the preferred approach to
management.

Digitaria porrecta (Endangered) - A single patch of finger panic grass is present within MDL 244 and will
be removed for the construction of the pit and waste rock dumps. The PSRMP will be developed for this
species and implemented to ensure no net loss of individuals from the local population. Confirmation of
the continued existence of this species within the Project area is required.
Two Rare fauna species, recognised under the NC Act, were recorded within the Project site, the Painted
Honeyeater and Little Pied Bat. Both species will incur a localised loss of habitat. This loss will be offset in
the long term by the rehabilitation of Lagoon Creek. In the short term, the Project site will be largely
unsuitable for these species.
NAC will take reasonable steps to control pest and weed species across the Project site and will develop a
new Weed/Pest Management Plan.
Impacts on biodiversity values are to be offset by a number of complimentary actions, including the
development of a BRMP, LCRP and PSRMP.

The BRMP will articulate the approach to developing a biodiversity offset for the 78.5 ha of remnant
Dichanthium sericeum grassland community. The proposed biodiversity offset will be located on land
owned and controlled by APC, and comprise an area of 80 ha. NAC’s proposed biodiversity offset will
involve establishing a new area of D. sericeum grassland community within a parcel of land already
used for agricultural purposes.

To facilitate the progressive re-establishment of the 170 ha riparian zone of Lagoon Creek, NAC will
develop a specific management plan for rehabilitation and long term management. It is envisaged the
LCRP will also address rehabilitation of the in-stream portion of the creek (e.g. channel structure,
aquatic flora and fauna management issue, etc.). The main components of the LCRP would include the
revegetation and management goals/objectives, planned revegetation techniques (e.g. species
selection, planting methods and rates, timing, etc.), rehabilitation acceptance criteria, a monitoring and
reporting regime, a maintenance regime for weeds and poor establishment, and a comprehensive long
term management regime.

The PSRMP will include the transplantation and management goals/objectives, site details, a propagule
collection and propagation strategy, planned transplantation techniques (e.g. site preparation,
transplanting methods, timing, watering regime - pre and post transplantation, etc.), transplantation
success criteria, a monitoring and reporting regime, a maintenance regime for weeds and poor
establishment, and a comprehensive long term management regime.
The full implementation of these measures will ensure that the Project results in a net conservation benefit at
the ecological community/regional ecosystem and species level.
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