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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in To Study the Relationships Between Artificial Intelligence Tools and Education System Purushottam Lal Bhari1 & Dr. Ashok Jetawat2 1 Research Scholar under Guidance of Dr. Ashok Jetawat. Dept. of Computer Science and System Studies, Mewar University, Chittorgarh 2 Director, Aravali Institute of Technical Studies, Udaipur Abstract:- This paper reviews and integrates research that would be necessary to know the relationship of Artificial intelligence and Education System. How Artificial Intelligence play an effective role for learning of students and teaching in classes using AI methods in Education System. What kind of technologies used in Today’s Education and how it is different from Traditional Education system. Artificial Intelligence techniques address the nature of problem, methods to automatically detect problem, as well as the interplay between problem and learning-related cognition and affective strategies that promote quality learning. In this paper doing basic study about Artificial Intelligence methods, such as intelligent tutor, e-learning, expert system, etc. are used in Education System for teaching and learning. Keywords:- Indian Education System, Artificial Intelligence, Importance of Artificial Intelligence techniques in Education, Intelligent technologies. 1. Introduction Education is an important part of our life and technologies are important part of education system. Technologies are widely used in today’s education system. Unfortunately, we don't have to look hard to find teachers utilizing new technological tools to replicate old educational models. We can take an example that, most uses of distance education employ the same instructor delivering the same lecture to the same audience, so only the audience can be larger. This type of distance education model does nothing to address the concept of lifelong learning in education system. This traditional model still places the student in a passive role only, merely absorbing as much information as possible. As an alternative, more collaborative models of distance education could be employed. We have an example, The Center for Technology and Teacher Education at the University of Virginia uses live video connections with partner universities to bring together professors and students in a forum where all parties contribute and benefit from the collaborative learning experience. Nevertheless, the overall dependence on the traditional instructional model dominates the majority of today's educational system. Today’s education system uses many technical fields like artificial intelligence and computer graphics. Teachers should create situations where the students are required to locate the facts and information specifically related to the context of the question at hand and then to utilize that technologies effectively. The 1995 Congressional Office of Technology Assessment report entitled Teachers & Technology: Making the Connection between teachers and technologies, so teachers can provide an effective environment for students learning in an education system. The way of teachers teaches can be changed by the using technologies. Some teachers use technology to support more student-centered approaches to instruction and students can conduct their own scientific inquiries and engage in collaborative activities while the teacher assumes the role of facilitator or coach. At that time, education is moving along at a snail's pace, so the world outside is speeding by at a supersonic rate. Fulton (1989), says that the classrooms of today resemble their ancestors of 50 and 100 years ago much more closely than do today's hospital operating rooms, manufacturing plants, business offices, or scientific labs. Let us suppose, if we put a doctor of 100 years ago in today's operating room, he/she would be lost and if we placed a teacher of 100 years ago into one of today's classrooms he/she wouldn't skip a beat. According to modern time education system uses high technologies like some expert systems, knowledge base systems, neural networking for making artificial brain and genetic algorithms for solving complex problems. Mainly artificial intelligence is need of modern education system. 2. Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of the computational intelligence of computer and information science. Expert systems and knowledge base systems are work on the concept of Artificial Intelligence. AI mainly focuses on Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 333 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in developing hardware and software systems, that systems are used for solve problems and accomplish tasks that if accomplished by humans would be considered a display of intelligence. Some machines such as robots, automatic pilots for airplanes and space ships, and “smart” military weapons are developing and studying using field of Artificial Intelligence. AI basically involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence and applying them friendly way as an algorithm in computer. Artificial intelligence can be viewed from a variety of perspectives. process of education. One's conduct and behavior are changed and refined according to the desired standard of the society. All of this is the result of education. The prerequisite for the development of any nation a sound education system is play an important role. This is a well-known fact that our education system still relies on traditional methods and there is a need to combine the traditional teaching with modern teaching aids for a better and advanced education system. According to people there is a difference in the opinion regarding the use of traditional teaching methods and modern teaching methods. In the world some people say that traditional teaching methods are best for imparting the education in the students while some favor that we should use modern teaching methods for giving quality education. There is a need of maintaining the balance between the use of traditional and modern teaching methods according to my view. Both traditional and modern teaching methods should be used simultaneously for the betterment of education. Let us have a look on the both traditional and modern teaching methods. 3.1 Traditional Education Figure 1 – Application areas of Artificial Intelligence 3. Education Education is a term which is more easily understood than defined because it is a natural. It has been derived from the Latin word "educatum" which means the act of teaching or training. Some also believe that it has been originated from the Latin word "educare" which means "to bring up" or "to rise". Some people say that, it has also come from another Latin term "educere" which means "to lead forth" or "to come out". At the birth child is weak, helpless and ignorant but he gradually grows and develops. According to his growth he acquires knowledge and skills, it is a natural education. He realizes thoughts into actions and satisfies his needs, changes his behavior according to his environment. Such type of changes, growth and development of the individual are his education. It can say that, this is the result of his learning and maturation. Learning is living and it is the modification of behavior. The knowledge, character and behavior of an individual are formed and modified by the In ancient India knowledge was passed on orally from one generation to another. Education involved three basic processes, first, which included ‘Sravana’ (stage of acquiring knowledge of ‘Shrutis’ by listening). Second, ‘Manana’ (meaning pupils to think, properly analyze themselves about what they heard, be absorb the lessons taught by their teacher and make their own inferences,) and third ‘Nidhyasana (meaning comprehension of truth and apply/use it into real life). Figure 2 – The Ancient Indian Education System Few of most important universities of ancient India were Taxila (being the first university of world established in Seventh century B.C.), after that Vikramshila University and Nalanda Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 334 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in University (built in 4 A.D). Some other also established universities like, Huan Tsang in his records mentioned the University of Taxila to be at par with Nalanda and Vikramshila Universities. All these institutions were considered to be the best Universities of its times in the subcontinent and an honor to ancient Indian educational system. Ancient Indian philosophy and Vedic literature contained an ocean of knowledge in a jar. In that time only resources are available, like teacher, student and some books. In a few words, covering almost all the aspects of life in different branches of human knowledge, be it phonetics, medicine, arts, literature, polity, philosophy, metrics, law, astrology or astronomy; it was supposed to be a magnificent example of scientific division and orderly arrangement of rules. It spoke of everything on staying healthy, improving concentration, social evils and tenets of behavior, all it are relevant even today. In most parts of our country traditional teaching methods are used in the educational institutions. Basically in the traditional teaching method, all teachers illustrate the concept to the students with the help of chalks and blackboard. According to this system every important thing regarding the topic is written on the blackboard and students make important notes from the blackboard. When the lecture is over students revise their notes and try to memorize the notes makes in class. teaching methods. According to traditional methods teacher does not require any special technical knowledge and can focus more on his subject for imparting the best knowledge to the students. 3.2 Today’s Education Education has remained largely unchanged for over a century. Classrooms full of students deferring to the wisdom of an all-knowing professor has and many believe on it, will continue to be the accepted mode of instruction. In modern education despite many technological advances and the introduction of new pedagogical concepts and the majority of today's classrooms continue to utilize this traditional mode. The world is changing; it is getting both smaller and bigger at the same time. Our world allows us to communicate both synchronously and asynchronously with peers around the world to shrinks as technologies now. Conversely, the explosion of information now available to us expands our view of the world. Education must change as a result of the ability to communicate globally and the information explosion. The challenge is to prepare the children of today for a world that has yet to be created, for technologies yet undreamed and for jobs yet to be invented. The education is slow to change especially in incorporating new technologies, it is no secret. The trends in technology are creating a future that is arriving faster than education is preparing for it. First we will take a brief look at our past to formulate an understanding of the trends of today according to environment. This will be followed by a detailed analysis of these trends and finally we will peek into the crystal ball and predict the future of technology and education. Figure 3 – Chalks and Blackboard The main objective of traditional teaching is to pass the examination. Traditional teaching system also has some advantages. Almost traditional teaching method is cheaper than the modern teaching methods which make it more suitable in the schools of rural areas. In the traditional system, some subjects like mathematics or chemistry are best taught on a blackboard as there is a need of explaining the concept at each every step. It can say that in traditional teaching there is more discipline in the class. There is more interaction between the teacher and student in traditional teaching methods as compared to the modern Figure 4 –Education with Technologies From the last decade the use of high tech equipment in the educational institutions is increased with a rapid rate. Today there are lots of Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 335 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in modern gadgets which can be used for improving the teaching in the classroom. There is the list of most popular equipment which can be used in modern teaching. According to modern technologies computers or laptops with wi-fi connection are used in the classroom. We can say that this is the most important tool of modern teaching methods. In this technology teacher demonstrates the subject on his laptop/computer which is connected to the laptops/computers of the students through wi-fi connection. It is seen mostly in the higher education institutions which have good infrastructure. Nowadays, use of LCD projector in the classroom in the educational institutions is becoming very common. Teacher prepares the power point slides and which are displayed on the LCD screen with the help of a projector. A laptop/computer can also be connected to the projector for displaying the relevant videos of the subject on the projector. Whiteboards are very interactive and provides the touch control of the computer applications. A teacher or student can draw, write or manipulate images on a whiteboard, so providing a very interactive and interesting platform. An advantage of whiteboards is that it can show anything on it which can be seen on the computer. Some other less popular modern teaching methods include- use of digital games in the classroom, special websites or blogs are used for teaching in the classrooms and microphones are used for delivering the lecture in the classroom. By the using modern teaching methods create more interest among the students with the help of interesting animations and videos. The use of visual media for teaching helps the students to understand the subject better and also helps students to memorize the concept for longer time. Today’s, with the help of modern teaching methods teacher can cover more syllabus in lesser time as they don't have to waste their time in writing on the blackboard. In the modern teaching methods videos and animations are used explanatory than the traditional blackboard methods. 4. Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education The theory and practice of Artificial Intelligence is leading to the development of a wide range of educational tools. These tools, sometimes working under the guidance of a human and sometimes without external guidance, are able to solve problems. Over the past 50 years, Artificial Intelligence has produced many results that are important to purpose of students, teachers, and overall educational system and for our society. Computers have been used in education system for over 20 years. Computer-Based Training (CBT) and Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) were the first such systems used as an attempt to teach using computers in education system. In these types of systems, the instruction was not individually used to the learner's needs. Today new technologies are used like Class-pad which is an android tablet for education in educational system, where teachers and students connection gets maximum strength and achieving better the targets of better education. Each person has their own ideas on what constitutes appropriate goals for education. Thus, this topic can lead to highly debate and is currently a largest political issue. Some controversial issues are curriculum content, assessment and instructional processes. Figure 5 – Education with Artificial Intelligence In brief summary, Artificial Intelligence is concerned with developing computer systems. They can store knowledge and effectively use the knowledge to help solve problems and perform tasks. This statement is very biggest issue like one of the commonly accepted goals in the education of humans. We want students to learn (gain knowledge) and this knowledge to help solve problems and accomplish tasks for purpose of learning students. Some sources of an Artificial Intelligence system’s knowledge are: Human knowledge that can be converted into a format suitable for use by an AI system. Knowledge generated by an Artificial Intelligence system, using gathering data and information, and by using analyzing data, information, and knowledge very useful. These general goals are much important to acquisition and retention, understanding and use of knowledge and skills to guide formal educational systems throughout the whole world. They are widely accepted goals in education system that endured over the years. They provide a powerful starting point for the analysis of any existing or Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 336 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in proposed educational system. We want students to have learned effectively and application experience, both in institution and outside of institution in each of these goal areas. Knowledge based systems play an important role in Artificial Intelligence for solving complex problems and manages expert systems; they are work on knowledge based system methods. international policies. The civic engagement approach will succeed to the extent that it can promote an alert and knowledgeable citizenry that demand rich-country policies that promote development and equality at home and abroad. At same time as AIED for civic engagement should be seen as a complimentary approach to the AIED export approach and it offers the advantage of technical feasibility, like, it can take advantage of existing AIED applications that require a richcountry technological infrastructure. 5.1 Open Learner Modeling (OLM) Figure 6 – Artificial Intelligence tools in Education System In today’s education many expert systems are used for teaching and learning. Artificial Intelligence widely used in education system for solving complex problems by the using different types of methods. Knowledge base system is used for designing expert system, they perform a specific task. Artificial Intelligence uses many methods; they play an important role in education system. For example E-learning, web-learning, computer-added learning, etc.. 5. Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) According to Easterday (2011) Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) can promote social inclusion by focusing on civic engagement. AIED techniques can be used to train an alert and knowledgeable citizenry that can in turn demand policies that promote social inclusion by teaching the skills of policy reasoning, journalism, and activism. Unlike the AIED export approach in which we adapt AIED technologies to work in the technological infrastructures of poor countries then AIED for civic engagement could be deployed in rich countries to promote social inclusion in both rich and poor countries. This is required because rich country policy often impacts poor country development and an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can demand more socially inclusive Barna (2011) gives a concept of open learner modeling. The notion of personalization pervades much of the discussion about how to improve education and the belief seems to be that personalization will lead to empowerment. Open learner modeling has a potential role in providing improved levels of empowerment but care needs to be taken. According to him the discussion is organized around previous work on developing an open learner modeling system (OLM) that can help learners have insights into the assessment process, and give them opportunities to challenge the system. The open learner model was intended to provide the learner with information that they could use both to understand their progress and direct their efforts to learn. 5.2 T-learning Lino, Siebra and Filho (2011) gives a method that T-learning involves the set of technologies that supports a TV-based interactive way of learning. There several works have investigating models that can augment the tlearning idea, after that moving it towards a more engaged and effective approach to learn. They present potential contributions that semantic representations can provide to the evolution of this approach. The main idea is to provide content with meaning that enables; it can be understand by the example, the creation of learning groups, then explanation of questions and different ways to represent answers. They describe an architecture that semantically extends the ITV platform and presenting its ontological models and services that support the specification of more powerful learning applications. 5.3 Pattern Language Avgeriou, Papasalouros, Retalis and Skordalakis (2003) introduce the method of Pattern Language for Learning Management Systems. Learning Management Systems are sophisticated Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 337 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in web-based applications that are being engineered today in increasing numbers by numerous institutions and companies that want to get involved in e-learning either for providing services to third parties or for educating and training their own people. It is also that the construction of such systems has been taking place for many years, after that they are still designed and developed from scratch. The experience from previous Learning Management Systems is not documented or codified, resulting in forcing the development teams to ‘re-invent the wheel’. They present an approach of recording design experience in the form of design patterns for Learning Management Systems and aims at developing a pattern language for these systems. between database and the users. Only a Boolean Query Model supported by database systems. A selection query on SQL database returns all those records that satisfy the conditions in the query. According to them an intelligent database has emerged, it provides expanded and more flexible options for manipulating queries. They designed an intelligent layer for database which is responsible for manipulating flexible queries. In beginning, the flexible queries from users in their natural language are submitted to intelligent layer and this layer converts the amorphous query into a structured SQL query. The converted query is executed and the results are presented to the user. 5.4 Distance Learning Chakraborty, Roy and Basu (2011) described about low literacy rate, high dropout rates and some other lacking infrastructure in the field of education in India demanded an alternative learning environment. Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) can be a plausible solution in this context. They present an ITS called Shikshak. They describe the different modules of a system and their functionalities and discuss the adaptive features of the system. Finally, they demonstrate through some experiments the efficacy of the system in teaching children basic programming in C language. The system showed some improvement in performance compared to the performance of students learning from standard classrooms. The ITS Shiskshak presents several novel features these include the fuzzy student model and the fuzzy approach to Topic Planning and Material selection. It is also that the Result Analyzer allows the system to adapt according to a student’s performance. Lee, Cho, Gay, Davidson and Ingraffea (2003) examine the use of integrated communication and engineering design tools in a distributed learning environment by the using AI methods. They examined students' attitudes toward the technology using two different approaches. One, they utilized the technology acceptance model to investigate the attitude formation process and then, to investigate how attitudes changed over time and they applied social information processing model using social network analysis method. They were able to demonstrate that students’ initial expectation affected the perceptions of, attitudes toward and use of the system using the technology acceptance model. With social network analysis, they found that one’s attitude change was significantly influenced by other student’s attitude changes. It is also discussed that uniqueness of distance learning environments in the context of social influence research and how studies of distance learning could contribute to the research on the social influence of technology use. 5.5 Querying in databases According to Nihalani, Silakari and Motwani (2009) Computer-based information technologies have been extensively used to help many academic and education institutions, organizations and private companies manage their processes and information systems hereby become their nervous centre like a human mind. The explosion of massive data sets created by businesses, institutions, science and governments necessitates intelligent and more powerful computing paradigms so that users can benefit from this data. Today most new-generation database applications demand intelligent information management to enhance efficient interactions 5.6 Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) 5.7 Adaptive and Intelligent Web-based Educational Systems (AIWBES) According to Brusilovsky (2003) this model provide an alternative to the traditional “just-put-it-on-the-Web” approach in the development of web-based educational courseware. He say about that the attempt to be more adaptive by building a model of the targets, preferences and knowledge of each individual student and using this model throughout the interaction with the student in order to adapt to the needs of that student. Students also attempt to be more intelligent by incorporating and performing some activities traditionally executed by a human teacher, like coaching students or diagnosing their misconceptions. For the purpose of education system the first pioneer intelligent and adaptive web-based educational systems were developed in 1995-1996. In education system many kind of Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 338 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in advanced web-based educational systems that this introduction attempts to review are most often referred to as adaptive web-based educational systems or intelligent web-based educational systems. Speaking about adaptive systems we stress that these systems attempt to be different for different students and groups of students by taking into account information accumulated in the individual or group student models. It is calling about intelligent systems we stress that these systems apply techniques from the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to provide broader and better support for the users of Web-based educational systems. 5.8 Semantic Open Learning Space The aim of Jouault (2013) to give learners more content-dependent scaffolding in the selfdirected learning of history. Basically learners use a system to build a concept map containing a chronology and the system is able to generate content dependent support adapted to the learners. To apply this support, a semantic open learning space is using a natural language online encyclopedia and semantic information using the open linked data. So the support is provided by the automatically generated questions and documents. When learners need, they request questions and the system will generate the questions depending on the concept map of the learner by the open learning space. The generated questions aim to leads the learners to new knowledge deepening their understanding. Mainly the system has three main windows, they are as well as: the question window, the document window and the concept map window. 5.9 E-learning According to Cheok and Wong (2013) elearning is increasingly becoming an important delivery approach in teacher training institutes. There are factors that will affect user’s behavioral intention to accept and adopt it like other innovations. In measuring the success of an elearning technique, it is best measured in terms of end-user satisfaction in using a system. So their future behaviors can be predicted and it examines relationships among variables associated with factors that influence satisfaction. Practical interventions for teacher trainees will be suggested to assist individuals and organizations towards increasing technology usage. Basically the research yields a theoretical framework that outlines the predictive potential of the key factors in explaining satisfaction which then leads to explaining technology acceptance and usage among the trainees. So these factors can and should be considered when developing Continuous Professional Development trainings and intervention programs. 5.10 C# Intelligent Tutoring System Learning programming is known to be difficult according to Hartanto and Reye (2013). One possible reason why students fail programming is related to the fact that traditional learning in the classroom places more emphasis on lecturing the material instead of applying the material to a real application. Basically for some students, this teaching model may not catch their interest properly. As a result they may not give their best effort to understand the material given. We can see that how the knowledge can be applied to real life problems can increase student interest in learning. This will increase their effort to learn as a consequence. Stabled learning that applies knowledge to solve real life problems may be the key to improving student performance. In that type of learning, it is necessary to provide resources that can be accessed by the student as they learn and these resources can be provided by creating an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) that can support the student when they need help or experience a problem. Having an ITS that supports anchored learning will not only be able to help the student learn programming effectively but will also make the learning process more enjoyable. 6. The Future According to see the progress of technology, in the next 10 years technologies in narrow fields such as speech recognition will continue to improve and will reach human levels. AI in next 10 years will be able to communicate with humans in unstructured English using text or voice, also navigate (not perfectly) in an unprepared environment and will have some rudimentary common sense (and domain-specific intelligence). There will be an increasing number of practical applications based on digitally recreated aspects human intelligence, like rehearsal learning, cognition, perception or learning by repetitive practice. The development of meaningful artificial intelligence will require that machines acquire some variant of human consciousness. Some systems that do not possess self-awareness and sentience will at best always be very brittle everywhere. Without these uniquely human characteristics, mostly useful and powerful assistants will remain a goal to achieve. Artificial intelligence has more abilities to making strong of education system. Some Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 339 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in important facts, such as e-learning, web-learning, intelligent tutors, expert systems etc. will play allover roles in education system. Intelligent tutors will be used for teaching of students and solve related problems. Expert systems will play roles in analysis reports of students and institutions. Students will learn from different tutors and websites. 7. References 7.1 Papers and Publications Avgeriou, P., Papasalouros, A., Retalis, S. and Skordalakis, M. (2003), ‘Towards a Pattern Language for Learning Management Systems’; Journal of Educational Technology & Society, Published by International Forum of Educational Technology & Society, Volume 6 Number 2, ISSN: 1436-4522, pp.11-24 Barna, P. (2011), ‘Can Artificial Intelligence in Education Go Beyond Personalisation and Deliver Significant Levels of Empowerment?’; First Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Education to Support the Social Inclusion of Communities (AIEDSIC), In conjunction with the 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED´2011), pp.-13-22 Brusilovsky,P. (2003), ‘ADAPTIVE AND INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR WEBBASED EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS’; International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 13 (2003),pp.156–169 Chakraborty, S., Roy, D. and Basu, A. (2011), ‘Shikshak: An Architecture for an Intelligent Tutoring System’; aDepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Khargapur, India.pp.24-31 Cheok, M. and Wong, S. (2013), ‘Predictors of Teacher Trainees’ Satisfaction in Using the Learning Management System in Teacher Training Institutes’; Doctoral Student Consortia Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computers in Education. Indonesia: Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education. Easterday, W. (2011), ‘AIED for Civic Engagement’; First Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Education to Support the Social Inclusion of Communities (AIEDSIC), In conjunction with the 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED´2011), pp.-5-12 Hartanto, B. and Reye, J. (2013), ‘Incorporating Anchored Learning in a C# Intelligent Tutoring System’; Doctoral Student Consortia Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computers in Education. Indonesia: Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education. Jouault, C. (2013), ‘Adaptive Question Generation Support in Semantic Open Learning Space’; Doctoral Student Consortia Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computers in Education. Indonesia: Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education. Lee, J., Cho, H., Gay, G., Davidson, B. and Ingraffea, A. (2003), ‘Technology Acceptance and Social Networking in Distance Learning’; Journal of Educational Technology & Society, Published by International Forum of Educational Technology & Society, Volume 6 Number 2, ISSN: 1436-4522, pp.50-61 Lino, N., Siebra, C. and Filho, G. (2011), ‘Exploring Semantic Representation for t-learning on the ITV Platform’; First Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Education to Support the Social Inclusion of Communities (AIEDSIC), In conjunction with the 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED´2011), pp.-23-30 Nihalani, N., Silakari, S. and Motwani, M. (2009), ‘Design of Intelligent layer for flexible querying in databases’; International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol.1(2), 2009,pp.30-39 7.2 Web Sites [1] http://www.preservearticles.com/20110520682 9/short-essay-on-education.html [2] http://www.wingraschool.org/who/progressive. htm [3] http://latasinha.wordpress.com/2010/06/20/anc ient-and-modern-education-system-in-india/ [4] http://ifets.ieee.org/periodical/ [5] http://www.slideshare.net/RushikeshTamb at/ancient-indian-learning-system-gurukulsystem [6] http://www.moneycrashers.com/americanschools-failing-improve-us-educationsystem/ [7] http://distancelearningcoruses.blogspot. 8. Author Purushottam Lal Bhari is a research scholar of Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh-Raj (India). After completing MCA from IGNOU, New Delhi he is pursuing PhD on “To study the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Indian Education System”. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 340 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Dr.Ashok Jain is a Director of Aravali Instittute of Technical Studies, Udaipur-Raj (India). After completing MTech (IT) and MBA, he did his PhD from Mohan Lal Sukhadia University on “A Critical Evaluation of e-Governance Implementation in Rajasthan State”. He is having more than 34 years of experience in the field of information technology. He is the member of “Special Interest Group on e-Governance” of Computer Society of India. His area of interest is to study and provide consultancy for successful implementation of e-Governance and e-Learning implementation in India. The author received “Rashtriya Ratana Award” in 2002 for individual outstanding performance. He is the research guide and life member of CSI, IE (India), IIIE, IIMM, ISTD and many professional bodies. He is also the active member of Internet Governance Capacity Building Program (IGCBP) whose head office is in MALTA. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 341