Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
CLASSICAL MUSIC: TEACHER’S GUIDE 1. INTRODUCTION ACTIVITY 2 Simple – complex Plain – colored Balanced – imbalanced Sudden – progressive Contrast – equality Regular – irregular Clarity – difficulty 2. CLASSICAL MUSIC ACTIVITY 3 Answer: change ACTIVITY 4 1. Classical 2. Baroque 3. Baroque 4. Classical 5. Baroque 6. Baroque 7. Classical 8. Baroque 9. Baroque 10. Classical 11. Baroque 12. Baroque 13. Classical 14. Baroque 15. Classical Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario) 3 2.1. VOCAL MUSIC ACTIVITY 1 - Courts: The place where kings live - Baroque: 1600-1750 - Dramatic: Tragic, sad - Wealth: Possessions - Classical: 1750-1820 - compositional styles: The personal way that composers create their works - artificial: Not natural - comic: Funny - acts: Parts in which operas are divided, usually three - libretto: The text of an opera - technical requirements: Specific needs of a field - spread: Extend - resembled: Remind - operatic: Something related to opera Baroque: 1600-1750 ACTIVITY 2 Text to read aloud: At the end of the Baroque era, operas were spectacular, dramatic shows performed in courts to demonstrate royal and aristocratic power and wealth. In the Classical period composers decided to change their compositional styles to make serious opera less artificial. The composer who started this reform was Gluck. Meanwhile, the lower social classes had their own musical theatre, with comic scenes between acts. These scenes, called intermezzi, developed into a new form of opera: the comic opera, also named opera buffa. It involved a comic libretto, and less technical requirements for singers. This new style spread over Europe very soon, adopting different names and forms in different countries. Mozart and Rossini composed buffa. Religious music resembled operatic music. In fact, most of the composers who wrote church music were also opera composers. 4 Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario) 2.2. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC ACTIVITY 1 In a rondo, there are different sections, but the number is not fixed. There is one section (named A) which is the chorus. This section appears after every new section with no changes. The other sections (named B, C, D, etc.) are different between each other. FORM: ABACADA…. RONDO FORM THEME AND VARIATIONS This is a three part structure with the opening part (A) repeated at the end, and a different middle section (B). FORM: ABA TERNARY FORM EXPOSITION B FORM: A SONATA FORM This form does not have a definite number of sections. There is a main theme named A. The other sections are variations of A, which means they are based on A, but changing different things in every section. FORM: A, A1, A2, A3… DEVELOPMENT FORM: A+B In this first section of the sonata, the main themes are presented. The first theme (named A) is usually lively and rhythmic. It is followed by a linking section called “the bridge”. After the bridge, theme B appears; it is normally more melodic than the first one, and written in another key. Normally, the whole exposition is repeated so that it becomes familiar for the listener. In this central section, the composer “develops” both themes from the exposition. This means that melodic or rhythmic motifs of those themes appear now combined with new ones. RECAPITULATION In the final section, both themes from the exposition appear again, now written in the same key. At the very end, sometimes FORM: A B an extra section called coda appears to conclude the movement. Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario) 5 ACTIVITY 2 Suggested pieces of music: Piece 1: Rondo Sonata No. 8 op. 13 “Pathetique”, 3rd movement. Beethoven. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRkr7WgQ_Y4 Piece 2: Theme and Variations Sonata KV 331 in A Major, 1st movement. Mozart. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czu0dWi3oZM&p=F3122F397638FFF2&playnext=1&index=17 Piece 3: Ternary form Symphony 39 in E flat Major, 3rd movement Minuet-Trio. Mozart http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hW3dqtM4x0&p=861A13F210BD1267&playnext=1&index=35 Piece 4: Sonata form Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67. Beethoven http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivvn04Zdxt4 ACTIVITY 4 Suggested pieces of music: Piece 1: Concerto Concerto in A Major K 622 for clarinet and orchestra, 1st movement. Mozart http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOxX0xGTOyE Piece 2: Symphony Symphony No. 6 Pastorale, 1st movement. Beethoven. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iELv7xDocGU Piece 3: Sonata Sonata for violin and piano Op. 30 No. 1. Beethoven http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WM2Rc-IdM4 6 Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario) ACTIVITY 5 TEXT: The orchestra started to change during the 18th century. In the strings section, the violins often played the main melodies. In the woodwind section the flutes continued to be important. In the brass section, two trumpets helped the French horns. In the percussion section, the timpani gave resonance to the bass sounds. In the strings section, the cellos were supported by the smaller violas, and double basses were also included in many symphonies, performing the same line as the cellos at an octave lower. In the woodwind section, the oboes and the clarinets accompanied the flutes. 2.3. CLASSICAL COMPOSERS ACTIVITY 2 MOZART Mozart wrote 21 piano concertos and five violin concertos His father, Leopold, was a violinist and a court composer His full name was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Mozart wrote 41 symphonies In the beginning, Mozart was very famous and his works were very celebrated Mozart died in 1791 in Vienna Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756 His last piece was a Requiem Mass, and he died before he finished it Mozart started to learn keyboard and composition at the age of four Mozart composed his first opera at the age of 11 Mozart travelled around Europe with his sister Nannerl giving concerts in different courts One of Mozart’s pupils finished the Requiem Mass From childhood, it was clear that Mozart was a prodigy Mozart was buried in a communal grave Mozart’s life turned out to be full of debt, unpopularity and sickness Mozart composed many operas, some of the most famous are “Don Giovanni” and “The Marriage of Figaro” His last opera was “The Magic Flute” Mozart died at the age of 35 because of an unknown illness Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario) 7 BEETHOVEN Beethoven composed nine symphonies Beethoven’s music was the bridge between the Classical and the Romantic eras Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770 Beethoven’s first name was Ludwig His father wanted Beethoven to become the “new Mozart”, so he used to say that Beethoven was younger than he really was The fourth movement of his ninth symphony – The Choral- is well known all around the world He composed 32 piano sonatas, one of the most famous is Moonlight Sonata Beethoven’s father was also a musician, and he used to drink a lot Beethoven composed only one opera called Fidelio Beethoven never married, nor had children Beethoven died in Vienna in 1827 after a painful illness Beethoven became deaf at the end of his life, but he continued composing He had a difficult childhood Beethoven was one of the first composers who were appreciated by the public within his own lifetime His career is usually divided in three periods The third period of his career is the most original and expressive His last opera was “The Magic Flute” 1. REVIEW ACTIVITY ACTIVITY 1 1) SONATA 2) SALZBURG 3) CLARINET 4) BUFA 8 Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario)