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United States History
3rd Quarterly Assessment
______ 1. The U.S. military attacked Iraq in March 2003 in part because the Bush
administration
a. believed Saddam Hussein was protecting Osama bin Laden.
b. believed the Iraqi government possessed weapons of mass destruction that
threatened the United States.
c. thought the Iraqi government was responsible for the anthrax attacks.
d. had evidence that Iraqi troops were committing atrocities against Kuwaiti
civilians.
______ 2.
“We’re a peaceful nation. Yet,
as we have learned, so suddenly
and so tragically, there can be no
peace in a world of sudden
terror. In the face of today’s new
threat, the only way to pursue
peace is to pursue those who
threaten it.”
—George W. Bush,
October 7, 2001
President Bush’s words supported which of the following policies?
a. a military attack on Iraq
b. creation of the Department of Homeland Security
c. the rescue and recovery efforts at the World Trade Center site
d. a military attack on the Taliban in Afghanistan
3. What event led to the involvement of the United States military in Afghanistan in October
2001? _____________________________________________________________.
______4. Which of the following groups was responsible for the 9/11 Attacks on the World
Trade Center?
a. Taliban
b. Al Qaeda
c. Black Hand
d. Black Panther Party
_____5. As part of perestroika, Mikhail Gorbachev
a. lifted media censorship.
b. invaded East Germany.
c. restructured the corrupt government bureaucracy.
d. held democratic elections
______ 6. Why did a U.S.-led military coalition attack Iraq in 1991?
a. to defend Kuwait’s democratically elected government from unprovoked
aggression
b. to defend Operation Desert Storm
c. to remove Iraq’s ruthless dictator from power
d. to protect petroleum supplies and respond to reports of atrocities in Iraqioccupied Kuwait
______ 7. President Ronald Reagan believed that nuclear disarmament
a. would not halt Soviet expansion around the globe.
b. was essential to the development of SDI.
c. would promote world peace.
d. would help his reelection campaign.
______ 8. Why did U.S. peacekeeping forces go to Lebanon in 1983?
a. to keep instability from spreading to the entire Middle East
b. to respond to the terrorist attack against the U.S. embassy in Beirut
c. to help end apartheid
d. to stop human rights violations in the civil war in Lebanon
© Edmund S. Valtman/Library of
Congress, Prints & Photographs
Division, LC-DIG-ppmsc-07958
______ 9. Use the image below to answer the following question.
The cartoonist portrays Mikhail Gorbachev surveying
a. a symbolic representation of his crushed dreams of democracy.
b. the broken pieces of the symbol of Communist rule in the Soviet Union.
c. a failed coup attempt to take over the Soviet Union.
d. a symbolic representation of the victims of the Tiananmen Square massacre.
______ 10. Who were the Vietminh?
a. a group organized by Ho Chi Minh during World War II to resist the Japanese
occupation
b. Vietnamese people who supported French rule
c. protesters who used civil disobedience to fight for Vietnamese rights
d. French soldiers who fought the Vietnamese
______ 11. Use the chart below to answer the following question.
What explains the change in troop levels from 1969 to 1972?
a. U.S. losses during the Tet Offensive
b. pacification
c. Vietnamization
d. the end of the draft
______ 12. What is the domino theory?
a. the strategy of dropping strings of bombs to destroy large areas
b. the belief that if one country entered a war, neighboring countries would quickly
follow
c. the belief that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would
quickly follow
d. a system for aiding South Vietnamese civilians
______ 13. Which of the following was most influential in turning American public opinion
against the Vietnam War?
a.
b.
c.
d.
protests organized by Students for a Democratic Society
military defeats
violent police responses to antiwar speeches
media coverage of the war
14. Compare and contrast the goals and objectives of the United States, in regards, to military
involvement in the 1950s through 2003?
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15. How did the Marshall Plan of 1946 impact the relationship between Western Europe and the United
States?
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_____16. Why did the United States force Japanese Americans who were Pacific Coast residents into
internment camps in 1942?
A. documentary proof that Japan had been trying to recruit them as spies
B. as a gesture of revenge for the Japanese attack on Hawaii
C. race-based fears that they would be more loyal to Japan than to the United States
D. to protect them from the threat of future attacks
_____17. During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly because
A. a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplace
B. more educational opportunities increased the number of skilled workers in these groups
C. labor unions successfully demanded equal opportunities for these groups
D. new civil rights legislation forced businesses to change their hiring practices
_____18. President Harry Truman justified using atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 on the grounds that
the
A. world was ready for a demonstration of nuclear power
B. Axis powers deserved total destruction
C. early ending of the war would save many lives
D. American public demanded that the bombs be used
_____19. Which precedent was established by the Nuremberg war crimes trials?
A. National leaders can be held responsible for crimes against humanity .
B. Only individuals who actually commit murder during a war can be guilty of a crime.
C. Defeated nations cannot be forced to pay reparations.
D. Defeated nations can be occupied by the victors.
_____20. After World War II, the United States was better able than its allies to adjust its economy from
wartime to peacetime because the United States
A. possessed nuclear weapons
B. raised tariffs on imports
C. had collected its war debts from the Allies
D. had suffered no widespread wartime destruction
_____21. After World War II, the Marshall Plan was proposed as a way to
A. improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union
B. help European nations recover economically
C. remove nuclear weapons from Western Europe
D. bring Nazi war criminals to justice
_____22. During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used to
A. recruit women into wartime industries
B. encourage women to serve in the armed forces
C. promote women’s suffrage
D. support higher education for women
_____23. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to
A. work on the development of an atomic bomb
B. increase economic production to meet wartime demands
C. defend New York City against a nuclear attack
D. recruit men for the military services
24. What were the pros and cons of dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? (Provide at
least two pros and two cons)
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_____25. The Nazi campaign to imprison inferior people included which of the following
targets?
a.Jews and Aryans
b.only Jews
c.Jews, homosexuals, disabled people, Poles, Slavs, and Gypsies
d.all residents of Allied countries
_____ 26.One reason for the tension between the European powers was their intense pride in
their homelands called
A. nationalism
C. imperialism
B. socialism
D. progressivism
_____ 27. World War I resulted in the dissolution of four empires: the Austo-Hungarian Empire,
the Russian Empire, the German Empire and the
A. Chinese Empire
C. Yugoslavian Empire
B. Slavic Empire
D. Ottoman Empire
_____ 28. The Triple Entente included
A. Germany, Bulgaria, and Italy.
C. Britain, France, and Russia.
B. Germany, Turkey, and Russia
D. Britain, France, and the U.S.
_____ 29. Criticism of the war at home was effectively silenced by
A. the Committee on Public Information
C. the Red Scare.
B. the Espionage and Sedition Acts.
D. the Palmer Raids.
30. Describe two events that pushed the United States toward entering World War I.
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_____ 31. According to the Zimmerman Telegram, if Mexico allied with Germany, Germany
would
A. send troops to support the Huerta government.
B. prevent the United States from taking control of Mexico.
C. help Mexico regain Texas, New Mexico, and California.
D. help Mexico take control of Central America.
_____ 32. President Wilson called for the creation of a "general association of nations" known as
the
A. United Nations
C. Allies
B. League of Nations
D. Central Powers
_____ 33. The event that touched off the first declaration of war in World War I was
A. the assassination of the archduke of Germany.
B. the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
C. the German invasion of Belgium.
D. the German invasion of Russia.
_____ 34. In 1908, the Serbs became furious when
A. the Ottoman Empire refused to give them independence.
B. Austria-Hungary refused them independence
C. a Slav assassinated their leader
D. Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia
_____ 35. In World War I, airplanes were first used to
A. transport troops to the front.
C. bomb enemy trenches.
B. observe enemy activities.
D. bring supplies to the troops.
36. What caused inflation after World War I, and how did inflation help cause the wave of
strikes in the United States?
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_____ 37. Who overthrew the Russian government in November of 1917 and established a
communist government there?
A. Czar Nicolas II
C. Vittorio Orlando
B. Georges Clemanceau
D. Vladimir Lenin
____38. .Imperialist nations built up their military strength
a. despite the warnings of Alfred T. Mahan.
b. because manufacturers insisted that they do so.
c. to expand and protect their interests around the world.
d. to protect extractive economies from exploitation.
____ 39. President Woodrow Wilson promised a foreign policy guided by
a. “moral diplomacy.”
c. “dollar diplomacy.”
b. “big stick” diplomacy.
d. “Boxer” diplomacy.
____ 40.World War I was caused by a variety of factors, including nationalism,
a. imperialism, militarism, and entangling alliances.
b. militarism, Progressivism, and chauvinism.
c. Bolshevism, isolationism, and a breakdown of alliances.
d. socialism, colonialism, and pacifism.
____ 41.Archduke Francis Ferdinand’s assassination triggered World War I when
a. Italy’s alliance with France forced it to declare war on Germany.
b. Serbia’s alliance with Germany led it to declare war on France.
c. Serbia refused to comply with Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum.
d. Russia refused to come to the aid of Serbia.
____ 42.Many Americans denounced Germany for its sinking of the
a. Maine.
c. Titanic.
b. Lusitania.
d. U-Boat.
____ 43. The movement of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North in
the early 1900s is known as the
a. Great Migration.
c. underground railroad.
b. Northern Migration.
d. Trail of Tears.
____ 44. President Wilson’s “peace without victory” idea formed a key part of
a. the Fourteen Points.
c. the Alien Act.
b. the theory of self-determination.
d. the Sedition Act.
____ 45. How did the end of World War I affect the economic opportunities available to
women and African Americans?
a. It had little effect on either group.
b. Women gained jobs, but African Americans lost them.
c. It spelled the end of many economic opportunities for both groups.
d. Both groups enjoyed increased opportunities after the war.
The bar graph shows the value of U.S. exports to Great Britain, France, and Germany between 1913 and
1921.
46. What does the graph suggest about the effectiveness of the naval blockade that Great Britain set
up to keep essential goods from reaching Germany during World War I?
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47. What does the graph suggest about the effectiveness of Germany’s blockade of Great Britain,
which Germany enforced with its U-boats?
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_____ 48. Which division, established May 1942, marked the first avenue for female
participation in WWII?
A.
B.
C.
D.
WAAC (Women's army auxiliary Corps)
WAVES (women accepted for voluntary emergency service)
WAFS (women's auxiliary ferrying service)
WASP (women Air Force service pilots)
49. Match the following communist actions with the U.S. responses.
A. _____ Blockade of East Berlin
B. _____ Attack of Ships in Gulf of Tonkin
C. _____ Building of Missile launch sights in Cuba
D. _____ Rise of communist Governments in Central America
1. blockade
2. fund rebels
3. resolution
4. Airlift
50. How was America's involvment in Korea and Vietnam an example of efforts to halt the
"Dominoe Affect?"
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51. According to the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan describe the concept of "containment"
as it was developed in response to the threat of communist expansion?
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- A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows
what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organisation intends to do in the
immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytising
tendencies. I have a strong admiration and regard for the valiant Russian people and for my
wartime comrade, Marshal Stalin. There is deep sympathy and goodwill in Britain-and I doubt
not here also-towards the peoples of all the Russias and a resolve to persevere through many
differences and rebuffs in establishing lasting friendships. We understand the Russian need to
be secure on her western frontiers by the removal of all possibility of German aggression. We
welcome Russia to her rightful place among the leading nations of the world. We welcome
her flag upon the seas. Above all, we welcome constant, frequent and growing contacts
between the Russian people and our own people on both sides of the Atlantic. It is my duty
however, for I am sure you would wish me to state the facts as I see them to you, to place
before you certain facts about the present position in Europe.
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended
across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and
Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia,
all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet
sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very
high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone-Greece
with its immortal glories-is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and
French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to
make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of
Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist
parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to preeminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain
totalitarian control. Winston Churchill
Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, March 5, 1946, excerpts
Using information from Winston Churchill's speech above, answer the following questions:
52. What phrase from this selection became commonly used to describe the area under Soviet
Influence during the Cold War?
A - _____________________________________
answer (Iron Curtain)
53. What areas of Europe fell under this shadow?
A - _____________________________________
answer (Central and Eastern Europe)