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Lesson Objectives
The Age of Exploration
Europe Looks Outward
(1000-1720)
Ch. 2, Sec. 1
Outline
w  First Visitors from Europe
w The Voyages of Columbus
w Setting Sail
w Spain Backs more Voyages
w  Explain what happened to the Vikings who
explored Newfoundland
w  Describe the voyages of Christopher
Columbus
w  Describe the expeditions of such Spanish
explorers as Vasco Nunez de Balboa and
Ferdinand Magellan
w  Explain the importance of the Columbian
Exchange
Key Terms
w  ____________ - a narrow passage that
connects two large bodies of water
w  ____________ - travel around
w  The Continuing Search for Asia
w Vasco Nunez de Balboa
w Ferdinand Magellan
w  The Columbian Exchange
The First Visitors from Europe
w  50 years ago, most people accepted the fact
that Christopher Columbus was the person who
discovered America.
w  We have learned, however, that it is possible
that people crossed into the America’s from
Asia thousands of years ago.
w  It is also quite probable that Columbus was not
the first ____________ to make it to America.
The First Visitors from Europe
w  So far, we only have evidence of the
arrival of a European people known as
the ____________
w  They were a seagoing people who
originally lived in the part of Northern
Europe known as ____________.
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The Vikings
w  In 1963, scientists found the remains of an
early Viking settlement in Newfoundland.
w  These findings supported the truth of old Viking
stories
w  According to one story, a Viking named
____________ ____________ and 35 others
sailed from a colony on Greenland, in 1001, to
investigate reports of land farther West.
w  They explored the region and spent the winter
in a place they called ____________.
The Vikings
w  The period of exploration of the Vikings, is
actually referred to as the “____________
____________”
w  This has a great affect on the histories of
Norse, Britain, Ireland, and the rest of Europe
in general
w  Explorers such as Leif Erikson would have
reached the America’s nearly ____________
years before Christopher Columbus.
Leif Erikson
The Voyages of Columbus
w  Leif became inspired to explore the land west
of ____________, after a visit there.
w  We believe that his exploration, in which he
was accompanied by around 35 men, would
have landed him somewhere in the now
southern part of Canada. According to legend,
he named it Vinland
w  This makes it more remarkable that he was
able to survive a ____________ there.
w  Vinland existed only as a myth for the
next 500 years. Whether Christopher
Columbus ever heard these stories or
not, we do not know.
w  Columbus, however, did believe that he
could reach Asia by sailing west across
the ____________ Ocean
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus
(1451-1506)
w  Columbus grew up near Genoa, near an
important port on the west coast of
____________
w  In the 1470’s, he settled in ____________,
which was Europe’s lead seafaring nation
w  Columbus sailed on Portuguese ships, studied
maps and charts, and learned about the world
beyond Europe.
w  All of these factors led to his desire to make a
voyage to ____________.
w Never suspecting a large land mass in his
way.
(1451-1506)
w  The King of Portugal showed little interest in
Columbus’ plan.
w  He hoped to follow the path to Asia laid out by
Bartholomew Dias and other Portuguese explorers
were busy navigating around the southern part of
____________.
w  The King was also concerned about the assumption
that Columbus had made about the ____________ of
the world, thinking that it was much larger, the
voyage would be much longer, and would cost much
more money.
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Christopher Columbus
(1451-1506)
w  Portugal refused to finance his trip…. But he refused
to give up.
w  He moved to Spain and set his plain before King
____________ and Queen ____________
w  They both liked Columbus’s plan… but it took them 6
years to provide the ships for him to make the voyage.
Setting Sail
w  In August ____________, about 90 men,
most of them Spaniards, prepared to make
the voyage with Columbus to find Asia by
selling westward across the Atlantic Ocean
w  The men would board 3 ships:
w The Niña, the Piñta, and the ____________
The Ships
w  Each of them were tiny, between 55 and 90 ft. long.
w  The Santa Maria was the largest, and the Pinta the smallest
w  Sailing with the wind, they covered up to 170 miles
per day
w  Columbus thought they would reach Asia in
____________ days
w  After a month at sea, there was no sight of land
w  The crew was restless and spoke even of
____________, but Columbus held strong against the
threat
Further Exploration
w  The next day, Columbus set out
southwest and found another island,
which he thought was Japan, but was
actually ____________
w  His guides pointed him west to the
island of Hispanolia
w  In ____________ ____________, he
set sail to return to Spain.
The Voyage
w  Finally, on October 12, a sailor spotted land!
w  Coming ashore in a small boat, Columbus
claimed the island for ____________
w  Believing he was in the Asian islands known as
the Indies, he called these people
____________
w  The next day in his journal it read, “I intend to
see if I can find the island of Japan.”
Columbus’s Return
w  When Columbus returned to Spain after
this maiden voyage, his King and Queen
showered him with ____________.
w  He would eventually make
____________ more trips to these
islands during the course of his lifetime
3
Spain Backs More Voyages
w  Back in Spain, Columbus reported that
there were huge amounts of
____________ in the land that he
referred to as the West Indies
w  The grateful King and Queen, at one
time, even made him a governor for all
the land he had claimed for
____________.
Spain Backs More Voyages
w  On this 2nd voyage, Columbus discovered many
other islands, including Puerto Rico.
w  He also found that the men he had left at
Hispaniola had been killed by ____________.
w  He built a settlement close to the first one;
enslaved the Indians and forced them to dig for
____________
w  Within a few months, 12 of the ships returned to
Spain carrying gold, trinkets, and many
____________.
Spain Backs More Voyages
w  In September, 1493, Columbus set sail for the
Indies again with ____________ ships, filled
with 1,500 soldiers, ____________, and
priests.
w  The Spanish planned to colonize and rule the
land he had claimed for them
w  They were going to also convert the people
who were there, Indians, to ____________
Spain Backs More Voyages
w  On his 3rd expedition in 1498, Columbus
reached the northern shores of South
America; thinking that it was ____________
mainland.
w  He made a 4th voyage in ____________ to
attempt to prove his claim.
w  Columbus would die in ____________, still
convinced that he had reached Asia.
What You Didn’t Know…..
Checkpoint Question
w  Columbus kept his sail log ____________, so his crew
would not know how far they actually were from
Europe
w  Between 1493 & 1496 Columbus made a second
voyage back to Hispanolia to claim land for Spain;
during this time thousands of natives died from
European ____________ and forced labor
w  Between 1498 & 1500 the conditions got so bad, that
the King and Queen ordered for the ____________ of
Columbus in Hispanolia
Why were Spain’s monarchs interested in
the proposal Columbus made to them?
4
The Continuing Search for Asia
The Continuing Search for Asia
w  Many future explorers would follow the route
set forth by Christopher Columbus
w  Another Italian explorer ____________
____________ made 2 trips to the new lands,
and was convinced that they were not part of
Asia.
w  He described the land as a “new world… more
densely peopled and full of ____________ than
our Europe or Asia or Africa.”
w  A German mapmaker labeled the region talked
about by Vespucci as the “land of Amerigo” on
his maps.
w  The name was later shortened to
____________
The Continuing Search for Asia
The Continuing Search for Asia
w  Meanwhile, the Spanish continued to explore
and colonize.
w  In 1510, ____________ ____________, a
Spanish colonist, explored the Caribbean coast
of what is now Panama.
w  Making his way through the thick jungle, we
believe him to believe the first European to set
his eyes on the ____________ Ocean.
The Continuing Search for Asia
w  For more than a year Magellan’s small fleet moved
down the South American coast, looking for a
____________
w  As they pushed South, they began to encounter things
that no other European had before
w  Finally, near the southern tip of modern day
Argentina, Magellan found a narrow ____________.
w  For 38 days they fought winds, tides, and currents to
reach the ocean that Balboa had saw nearly 10 years
earlier.
w  The discovery that another ocean lay to the
West of the America’s did not end the search
for a water route to ____________.
w  In September 1519, Portuguese explorer,
____________ ____________ set out to find
an Atlantic-Pacific Passageway.
The Continuing Search for Asia
w  Today, this is referred to as the ____________
____________
w  Although Magellan didn’t realize it, Asia was still
____________ of miles away.
w  Magellan finally reached the Phillipine Islands.
w  There, he and several others were killed in a battle
with the ____________.
w  The survivors of the attack fled in two of the ships,
one finally reaching Spain in ____________.
w  This made these 18 men, the first to circumnavigate
the earth, taking them ____________ years.
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Checkpoint Question
What were the contributions of Balboa
and Magellan as explorers?
The Columbian Exchange
w  While many positive, there were many
____________ affects as well
w  Europeans brought ____________ to which
Native Americans had no immunity, or natural
resistance.
w Smallpox, chickenpox, measles, and other
contagious diseases killed Native Americans by the
thousands
The Columbian Exchange
w  These early Spanish voyages set the stage for a great
____________ between the Western and Eastern
hemispheres.
w  Many of the changes brought about by the Columbian
Exchange were ____________.
w  Europeans introduced cows, hogs, and other domestic
____________ to the Western Hemisphere.
w  Many food ____________, such as wheat and oats,
also arrived on the ships that brought the Europeans.
The Columbian Exchange
w  Europeans in the Americas found
____________ and animals they had never
heard of or seen before
w  Today, the crops that were originally found in
the America’s account for ____________ of
the world’s total crops.
Checkpoint Question
What impact did the Columbian Exchange
have on Europe?
Explorer Review
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
-
Christopher Columbus (Spanish)
John Cabot (English)
Amerigo Vespucci (Spanish)
Vasco de Balboa (Spanish)
Ferdinand Magellan (Spanish)
Hernando Cortes (Spanish)
Francisco Pizarro (Spanish)
Henry Hudson (Netherlands)
Summary
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