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Ancient Egyptian Kingdoms Source: Lamm, Robert C., and Neal M. Cross. The Humanities in Western Culture: A Search for Human Values. 9th ed. Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark, 1993. 25-35. Print. The Pharaoh ● A living god on whom life, safety, and prosperity depended. ○ Controlled the Nile River. Dynasty A line of rulers from the same family. ● There are thirty dynasties total from the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Pre-Dynastic Period (5000 BCE-3100 BCE) ● The first dynasty began with King Narmer (Menes) uniting Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. Pharaoh: King Menes Old Kingdom (2686 BCE-2181 BCE) ● The Old Kingdom contained the third through sixth dynasties. ● Famous Pharaohs: Khufu and Khafre ● Achievements: Great Pyramid of Khufu and Sphinx ● Falls: Warring nobles causes the Old kingdom to dissolve. Middle Kingdom (2134 BCE-1786 BCE) ● The Middle Kingdom was known for its rich society with the highest standard of living in the ancient world. ● Dynasties: 11-12 ● Famous Pharaoh: Mentuhotep II ● Falls after the invasion of the Hyksos (aka Barbarians) New Kingdom (1570 BCE-1085 BCE) ● Dynasties: 18-20 ● Due to the Hyksos invasion, the New Kingdom hated anything foreign. ● Government was absolute military power solidified the rule of the pharaoh not national unity. ● Pharaoh is now associate with the rulers. ● Famous Pharaohs: Ahmose, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, Akhenaton, Tut, and Ramses II Late Period (747 BCE-30 BCE) ● Cleopatra “The Last Pharaoh” (51 BCE- 30 BCE) To be continued….
