Download Protecting Animals, Food and People

Veterinary public health
-building a One World-One Health
framework and way of working
Dr Wayne Lees, Chief Veterinary Officer
Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives
In One World
we share:
- Air
- Water
- Land
- Food
- Pathogens
- Toxins
Spot the potential
hazards:
Chickens
Salmonella enteritidis
Avian tuberculosis
Goats
Brucella melitensis
Cattle
E.coli O157:H7
Campylobacter jejuni
Swine
Influenza
Trichinella spiralis
Mice
Hantavirus
Dogs
Rabies
Humans
Cysticercus bovis/Taenia saginata
Spot the potential
hazards:
Chickens
Salmonella enteritidis
Avian tuberculosis
Goats
Brucella melitensis
Cattle
E.coli O157:H7
Campylobacter jejuni
Swine
Influenza
Trichinella spiralis
Mice
Hantavirus
Dogs
Rabies
Humans
Cysticercus bovis/Taenia saginata
Spot the potential
hazards:
Chickens
Salmonella enteritidis
Avian tuberculosis
Goats
Brucella melitensis
Cattle
E.coli O157:H7
Campylobacter jejuni
Swine
Influenza
Trichinella spiralis
Mice
Hantavirus
Dogs
Rabies
Humans
Cysticercus bovis/Taenia saginata
Spot the potential
hazards:
Chickens
Salmonella enteritidis
Avian tuberculosis
Goats
Brucella melitensis
Cattle
E.coli O157:H7
Campylobacter jejuni
Swine
Influenza
Trichinella spiralis
Mice
Hantavirus
Dogs
Rabies
Humans
Cysticercus bovis/Taenia saginata
Spot the potential
hazards:
Chickens
Salmonella enteritidis
Avian tuberculosis
Goats
Brucella melitensis
Cattle
E.coli O157:H7
Campylobacter jejuni
Swine
Influenza
Trichinella spiralis
Mice
Hantavirus
Dogs
Rabies
Humans
Cysticercus bovis/Taenia saginata
Spot the potential
hazards:
Chickens
Salmonella enteritidis
Avian tuberculosis
Goats
Brucella melitensis
Cattle
E.coli O157:H7
Campylobacter jejuni
Swine
Influenza
Trichinella spiralis
Mice
Hantavirus
Dogs
Rabies
Humans
Cysticercus bovis/Taenia saginata
Spot the potential
hazards:
Chickens
Salmonella enteritidis
Avian tuberculosis
Goats
Brucella melitensis
Cattle
E.coli O157:H7
Campylobacter jejuni
Swine
Influenza
Trichinella spiralis
Mice
Hantavirus
Dogs
Rabies
Humans
Cysticercus bovis/Taenia saginata
Influenza (pH1N1)
Emerging issues are bringing us
together
• Zoonotic disease threats
• Food safety threats
• Public interest issues
– Animal welfare
– Agricultural use of antimicrobials
– Land and water protection in rural Canada
• Other forces driving change
Recent zoonoses in Canada
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SARS
HIV/AIDS
West Nile Virus
Rabies
Trichinella
Lyme disease
Listeriosis
E.coli
Salmonellosis
MRSA in swine
Cryptosporidia
Giardiasis
Avian influenza
Tularemia
pH1N1 influenza
Emerging zoonoses:
increasing speed and complexity of challenges
On average, there is a new, emerging disease every
8 months. Most of these involve multiple species.
About 70% of emerging diseases are zoonotic.
Three seminal events: #1
• Zoonotic disease from
environmental
contamination
• Walkerton – 2000
– Canada’s wake-up call to
OWOH environmental
issues
– 7 deaths, 2500 illnesses
Other recent environmental threats
• North Battleford
– Cryptosporidia
– 5800 affected
• Lake Winnipeg
– blue-green algae
• Northern communities
– water, Hg
Three seminal events: #2
• Zoonotic disease from
food animal origin
• BSE -2003
– Canada’s wake-up call to
animal health issues that
affect human health
– Massive trade disruption
– Total cost to date…$7-8 B
Other recent animal health issues
affecting human health
• Antimicrobial use in food
animals
• MRSA
• Salmonella enteritidis
• Bovine tuberculosis
• Dog attacks in northern
communities
And last year …pH1N1 influenza
• Triple
reassortment
– Swine
– Avian
– Human
• Human risk to
animals
– not previously
considered
Three seminal events: #3
• A zoonotic food-borne
illness
• Listeriosis - 2008
– Canada’s wake-up call
to food safety
contamination
– 22 dead
– nation-wide recall
Other recent food safety
threats
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E.coli in hamburger (Wpg, Topps meats)
E.coli in spinach (North America wide)
Botulism in carrot juice
Listeria in cheese (Quebec), meat (Canada)
Melamine in pet foods, infant formula from China
Salmonella enteritidis in poultry products
(Canada and US)
Weatherill report on Listeriosis
• Food safety is a multi-jurisdictional, multi-disciplinary
issue
• Four broad themes:
– Insufficient focus on food safety by senior management
– Lack of a state of readiness to respond – surge capacity,
outbreak response
– Lack of a sense of urgency to respond quickly
– Communications was deficient – interagency & with public
Other issues of public interest:
• Animal welfare
– higher standards being demanded for food
animals (now OIE chapter on welfare)
– egg layer standards in MB
• Agricultural use of:
– antimicrobials, pesticides, fertilizers
– land and water resources
Looming forces driving change
• Peak oil – 5 yr
– Starting now
• Peak food – 5-20 yr
– End of the green revolution
• Peak water – 30-40 yr
Population growth by level of development
Population growth by region
NFF warns of food scarcity
July 13, 2010
• National Farmers’ Federation President David Crombie
today warned that food scarcity is a reality that all
Australians will need to face.
• In fact, the United Nations tells us that farmers need to
produce 70% more food over the next 40 years just to
keep pace with population growth.
• To put this in perspective, that is more food than has
been produced over the entire course of human history.
Physical forces driving change
• Population growth
• Emerging middle classes
• Peak oil, peak food, peak water
• 20% reduction in arable land
• Climate change  agriculture
change
Can we feed ourselves?
You are here
Other societal forces driving change
– Public aversion to risk from zoonoses
& food-borne illness
– Love-hate relationship with “big agriculture”
– Poor economic returns to primary producer, focus on
commodity exports, leading to continued emergency
subsidies, farm stress
Public reaction
disconnection from rural roots, organics, buy-local
100 mile diet, anti-GMO lobby, veganism,
environmental concerns, urban farming, emerging
animal disease / animal welfare concerns
The new reality
• There will be increasing pressure on agriculture to produce food.
• Threats will come from unexpected quarters (eg. monkeypox)
• The “infection pressure” will be constant
• Some threats will get through; some bad things will happen
– Economics can no longer be the sole determiner of agricultural decisions
• We need to adopt multiple risk reduction strategies
• We need a nimble, flexible, collaborative framework
One World – One Health
Human
health
Recognizes
interconnectedness of:
Animal
health
Environmental
health
One World-One Health: A Strategic Framework
for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at
the Animal–Human–Ecosystems Interface
Six priority objectives
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Develop surveillance capacity
Ensure adequate capacity in public and animal health—including
communication strategies—to prevent, detect and respond to disease
outbreaks
Ensure functioning national emergency response capacity
Promote inter-agency and cross-sectoral collaboration & partnership
Control HPAI and other existing and potentially re-emerging infectious
diseases
Conduct strategic research.
Key principles
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multidisciplinary, multinational and multisectoral approach
the integration of technical, social, political, policy and regulatory
issues
the establishment of broad-based partnerships across sectors and
along the research-to-delivery continuum. They will include engagement of
wildlife and ecosystems interests, the human and veterinary medical
community, and advanced research institutions (ARI).
The OWOH way of thinking
• promotes interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral approach to complex
issues
• fosters nimble, proactive, flexible way of working
• focuses on surveillance, monitoring, prevention, control and
mitigation of emerging diseases
• recognizes the linkages between animal, human and ecosystem
health domains.
• Broadly stated, the OWOH concept provides a framework for
preventing emerging infectious diseases of animal origin, instead of
simply responding to them once they have occurred.
One World One Health
• Adopted internationally
• Developing nationally
• How do we implement locally?
OWOH international
consultation
Winnipeg, 2009
A brief look back at the original
OWOH:
Historical roots of public &
veterinary public health
The One Health forerunner:
“One medicine”
Dr. Calvin W. Schwabe
Dr. R.L.K. Virchow
Recognizing the role of
veterinary public health
• 1099 CDC investigations (1988-1999)
Ashford et al, Emerging Infectious Diseases 2003; 9 (5):515
– “veterinarians may be the first to see evidence of bioterrorism
because pets and livestock may be more susceptible than humans
to agents released in the environment, or because susceptible
animal population density may be high in the affected area.”
• Flu Finding Supports ‘One World, One Health’ View of People and
Animals -Andrew C. Revkin NY Times, 2009
– A new study of the evolution of the H1N1 strain of influenza virus
that moved from pigs to people this spring and has since spread
worldwide reveals the need for taking a “one health” approach to
humans and the animals around us, experts suggest.
Today: some baby steps toward OWOH
Viewing the animal health-food safety continuum
Manufacturers
Processors
Producers
Consumers
National Farmed Animal Health and
Welfare Strategy
• Links animal health, animal welfare,
human health, ecosystem health and food
safety - OWOH approach
Federal
• Emphasizes foresight, preparedness
• Collaborative mechanism for decisionmaking - Animal Health Council
Prov-terr
• Build and support the Infrastructure &
Systems (CAHSN-CNPHI linkages)
Producers
OWOH: our national approach to pH1N1?
• Joint CVO-CMOH WGs
– On-farm investigation template
– Human surveillance for swine
exposure and vice versa
• Recognized significance
(and challenges) of working
together
• Further resolution at joint
CCVO-CCMOH meeting,
Oct 2010
Provincial steps towards OWOH in MB
CVO Office: Protecting Animals, Food and People
Our strategy applies to:
– Animal health and welfare of
animals under the control of
people.
– Food products grown, processed,
distributed or offered to the public,
whether sold or not
– Veterinary public health hazards
resulting from exposure to
animals or animal products
Office of the CVO - Strategic outcomes
Priority 4.
Protect trade
Priority 3.
Protect animal health & welfare
Priority 2.
Protect food safety and security
Priority 1.
Protect people from zoonotic diseases
Manitoba’s Animal Emergency Committee –
an OWOH-like response mechanism to H5N1
Putting OWOH into practice:
MB’s next steps – a formal framework
– 6 provincial departments
• health, healthy living, agriculture, labour (OSH), water
stewardship, conservation
– Developing a new way of working
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Collaboration= sharing resources, data, personnel
Actively assist each other
Proactive think tank plus issue-specific working groups
Resolve issues at a “lower temperature”
Tackle complex issues that cross two or more departments
Draft collaborative OWOH framework in
Manitoba
DM
DM
DM
DM
Joint recommendations (policy, technical)
ADM /
Steering Committee
Think
tank
Exec dir
Technical
experts
Issue
WG
Issue
WG
Issue
WG
Issue
WG
Issue
WG
Down the road issues to address
• Zoonotic disease surveillance (expand to all species,
including pets)
• Food protection (work from the front end)
• Develop tools for joint surveillance
• Animal welfare issues will increase
• Environmental issues will increase
• Work together at the national level to effect change…
Key messages
• The speed and complexity of issues is increasing
• We cannot predict when or from where future threats will
arise
• No one agency, department or organization can do it all
• The public expects us to be ready and to work together.
• One World One Health offers a framework
“The significant challenges we face cannot be solved
at the same level of thinking we were at
when we created them.”
A. Einstein