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Newton’s Laws of Motion - Notes Net Force I. A force is a push or pull that one object exerts on another object. Force is measured in Newtons (N). II. Objects have more than one force acting on them. III. Net force is the total force. A. When net force = 0, forces are balanced. B. When net force ≠ 0, forces are unbalanced. Newton’s First Law of Motion IV. All objects have a natural tendency to resist changes in motion called inertia. A. Inertia causes objects to remain constant in terms of speed and direction. V. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion A. Law of Inertia B. The velocity of an object will remain constant unless an unbalanced force acts on it VI.Inertia A. Depends on mass B. The greater the mass of an object, the greater the inertia the object has. C. Great inertia means: 1. harder to slow down 2. harder to speed up 3. harder to change direction 4. harder to start moving when the object is at rest D. Inertia depends on: 1. mass 2. not affected by gravity or lack of gravity a) in empty space (a vacuum) objects have inertia that is proportional to their mass. Newton’s Second Law of Motion VII.Acceleration causes objects to: A. speed up B. slow down C. change direction VIII.Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion A. When an unbalanced force acts on an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of that force. B. summarized as F = ma 1. F → force (in newtons) 2. m → mass (kg) 3. a → acceleration (m/s2) C. Three main ideas: 1. Acceleration is the result of unbalanced forces 2. Acceleration is proportional with force 3. Acceleration is inversely proportional with mass D. What does proportional and inversely proportional mean? Proportional Inversely Proportional Force Mass Acceleration Force Mass Acceleration 1N 1 kg 1 m/s2 1N 1 kg 1 m/s2 2N 1 kg 2 m/s2 1N 0.5 kg 2 m/s2 1/2 N 1 kg 0.5 m/s2 1N 2 kg 0.5 m/s2 Newton’s Third Law of Motion IX.Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion A. Law of Action and Reaction B. When one object exerts a force on the first that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. 1. Forces always come in pairs. 2. Action and reaction forces act on different objects. X. Newton’s third law also explains why rockets are pushed upward into space. When the fuel is burned, the gases exert a downward force, thereby exerting an equal and opposite upward force on the rocket