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Electrocardiogram : The electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a diagnostic tool that is routinely used to assess the electrical and muscular functions of the heart. While it is a relatively simple test to perform. The heart is a two stage electrical pump and the heart's electrical activity can be measured by electrodes placed on the skin. The electrocardiogram can measure the rate and rhythm of the heart beat, as well as provide indirect evidence of blood flow to the heart muscle. Ten electrodes are needed to produce 12 electrical views of the heart. An electrode on each arm and leg and six are placed across the chest wall. The signals received from each electrode are recorded. Thorax connections : Hands and feet connections: The electrodes on the parties that each one of us to produce a picture, except that when the left leg is only for connection to ground. Does not interfere in the drawing. -For example: in the right hand is called: Avr. -In the left hand: aVL. -In the right foot: aVF. The remaining three images they are an amalgamation of each of the two images resulting from the existing poles at the parties. -For example: the integration of the resulting image of the (electrode) located at the right hand with the other located at the left hand produces a picture called (lead I). -Image from the right hand with the foot called (lead II ). -Image of the left hand with the foot called (lead III). -Character (V) means the word (Vector) any vector it (electrode). -And (a) is the (augmented) . -And (R) is the (Right arm). -And (L) is (Left arm). -And (F) is the (Foot). -Images are arranged as follows (from left to right): (Lead I, lead II, lead III, aVR, aVL, aVF, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6). Known that the muscles of the atria is very small when compared to muscles of the ventricles so the voltage associated with the contraction of the atria is small, and coded (P wave). The contraction of the ventricles coded (QRS complex), then a symbol of diastole the ventricles code (T wave), as the cardiac cycle begins (and contraction of the atria diastole) and (contraction of the ventricles and diastole), and all the waves recorded in a paper ECG. Interactions and causes: 1-Respiratory interference: Movement of the patient's thorax during breathing and to get rid of this type of interference, must cut breathing for several seconds each time the chart. 2 - physical interactions: Influence of cardiac muscle , to get rid of this type of interference should be a patient in a completely relaxed. 3- Electrical interference: - Make sure that a group of wires connected to the patient properly installed and in place in the device. - Make sure the ground wire connected to the device so that the excess discharge of cargo in the device. -Make sure the presence of gelatin under the electrical paths . - Make sure that all connections are tied up in the correct place in the direction of a single . - Make sure the patient took off his clothes all the mystical and not carry metal objects. -Avoid using metal bed and when necessary brought the bed ground wire . - avoid oscillation electricity. Respiratory system: Provide respiratory cells of the body oxygen is necessary for its activities, and get rid from carbon dioxide (a product of the oxidation process).Inhalation air passes across the trachea and bronchi to the lungs. Each lung include many of the bronchioles capillary end by the myriad of air sacs (or alveoli) membranes lining being too thin through the exchange of gases from the capillaries surrounding the alveoli. Working intercostal muscles (between the ribs) and diaphragm (under the lungs) on the operation of the lungs (such as a blower mourning). Respiratory system consists of: A-respiratory tract: The respiratory tract is a complex arrangement of organs and tissues. Its main functions are taking oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide. respiratory tract consists of: 1- nose: nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that include the nostrils (nares), used for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Air next passes through the pharynx (shared with the digestive system), and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face. 2-Pharynx: The human pharynx is the part of the throat. situated behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus and larynx. The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections: the nasopharynx (epipharynx), the oropharynx (mesopharynx), and the laryngopharynx (hypopharynx). The pharynx is part of the digestive system and also the respiratory system; it is also important in vocalization. 3- larynx : commonly called (voice box).The larynx is a short cavity that has a slit-like narrowing in its central portion. The narrowing is caused by two pairs of folds in the larynx walls. The lower folds are called vocal chords and the upper folds the false vocal chords. Blocking the entrance of the larynx (when eating) a flexible cartilage called the epiglottis, in order to prevent entry of food into the trachea and lungs. So sometimes when breathing time eating or speaking, epiglottis open the throat, food enters the trachea, a process that may lead to suffocation. 4-Trachea: The trachea is continuous with the larynx in the neck and extends into the thoracic cavity where it branches to form the left and right main bronchi. The structure of the trachea airway is maintained during breathing because of many rings made of cartilage found within its wall. 5- lymphatic system: The lymphatic system of the lungs plays an important supportive role in maintaining liquids, respiratory defenses, and in removal of inhaled material deposited in the lungs. The large flow of lymph from the lung tissue spaces toward the blood helps in removing excess fluid. B-Lungs: The lung is the essential respiration organ in animals. Principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the blood stream, and to release carbon dioxide from the blood stream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells , exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. Exist inathoracic vacuum (flanked crystal visceral membr ane) inside the chamber wall of the ribs and sternum, spine, and supported by the diaphragm. Lung is spongy organ, Include the bronchial tree that resulted from the alveoli. Each cavity is divided into a number of Convexities (alveolar) that increase the capacity of the inner surface of the air. Alveolar form alveoli, the alveoli form (pyramid blocks) called pulmonary lobules (three in the right lung and only two in the left lung ). Surrounds each lung membrane with two sheets called (pleural membrane), adhere to the internal leaflet with lung, while adhere another with internal face of the thoracic cage(so the lungs related to rib cage)