Download Respiratory system consists of

Electrocardiogram :
The electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a diagnostic tool
that is routinely used to assess the electrical and muscular
functions of the heart. While it is a relatively simple test to
perform. The heart is a two stage electrical pump and the
heart's electrical activity can be measured by electrodes
placed on the skin. The electrocardiogram can measure the
rate and rhythm of the heart beat, as well as provide
indirect evidence of blood flow to the heart muscle. Ten
electrodes are needed to produce 12 electrical views of the
heart. An electrode on each arm and leg and six are placed
across the chest wall. The signals received from each
electrode are recorded.
Thorax connections :
Hands and feet connections:
The electrodes on the parties that each one of us
to produce a picture, except that when the left
leg is only for connection to ground. Does not interfere in
the drawing.
-For example: in the right hand is called: Avr.
-In the left hand: aVL.
-In the right foot: aVF.
The remaining three images they are an amalgamation of
each of the two images resulting from the existing poles at
the parties.
-For example: the integration of the resulting image of
the (electrode) located at the right hand with the
other located at the left hand produces a picture called
(lead I).
-Image from the right hand with the foot called (lead II ).
-Image of the left hand with the foot called (lead III).
-Character (V) means the word (Vector) any vector it (electrode).
-And (a) is the (augmented) .
-And (R) is the (Right arm).
-And (L) is (Left arm).
-And (F) is the (Foot).
-Images are arranged as follows (from left to right):
(Lead I, lead II, lead III, aVR, aVL, aVF, V1, V2, V3, V4,
V5, V6).
Known that the muscles of the atria is very small when
compared
to
muscles
of
the
ventricles
so
the voltage associated with the contraction of the atria is
small, and coded (P wave). The contraction of the
ventricles coded (QRS complex), then a symbol
of diastole the ventricles code (T wave), as the cardiac
cycle begins (and contraction of the atria diastole)
and (contraction of the ventricles and diastole), and
all the waves recorded in a paper ECG.
Interactions and causes:
1-Respiratory interference:
Movement of the patient's thorax
during
breathing and to get rid of this type of interference,
must cut breathing for several seconds each
time the chart.
2 - physical interactions:
Influence of cardiac muscle , to get rid of this type
of interference should be a patient in a completely
relaxed.
3- Electrical interference:
- Make sure that a group of wires connected to the
patient properly installed and in place in the
device.
- Make sure the ground wire connected to the device so
that the excess discharge of cargo in the device.
-Make sure the presence of gelatin under the electrical
paths .
- Make sure that all connections are tied up in the
correct place in the direction of a single .
- Make sure the patient took off his clothes all
the mystical and not carry metal objects.
-Avoid using metal bed and when necessary brought
the bed ground wire .
- avoid oscillation electricity.
Respiratory system:
Provide respiratory cells of the body oxygen is
necessary for its activities, and get rid from carbon dioxide
(a product of the oxidation process).Inhalation air passes
across the trachea and bronchi to the lungs. Each lung
include many of the bronchioles capillary end by the
myriad of air sacs (or alveoli) membranes lining being too
thin through the exchange of gases from the capillaries
surrounding the alveoli. Working intercostal muscles
(between the ribs) and diaphragm (under the lungs) on the
operation of the lungs (such as a blower mourning).
Respiratory system consists of:
A-respiratory tract:
The respiratory tract is a complex arrangement of
organs and tissues. Its main functions are taking oxygen
and getting rid of carbon dioxide.
respiratory tract consists of:
1- nose:
nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that include the
nostrils (nares), used for respiration in conjunction with
the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and
the sinuses. Air next passes through the pharynx (shared
with the digestive system), and then into the rest of the
respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located
centrally on the face.
2-Pharynx:
The human pharynx is the part of the throat. situated
behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the
esophagus and larynx. The human pharynx is
conventionally divided into three sections: the
nasopharynx
(epipharynx),
the
oropharynx
(mesopharynx), and the laryngopharynx (hypopharynx).
The pharynx is part of the digestive system and also the
respiratory system; it is also important in vocalization.
3- larynx :
commonly called (voice box).The larynx is a short cavity
that has a slit-like narrowing in its central portion. The
narrowing is caused by two pairs of folds in the larynx
walls. The lower folds are called vocal chords and the
upper folds the false vocal chords.
Blocking the entrance of the larynx (when eating) a
flexible cartilage called the epiglottis, in order to prevent
entry of food into the trachea and lungs. So sometimes
when breathing time eating or speaking, epiglottis open
the throat, food enters the trachea, a process that may lead
to suffocation.
4-Trachea:
The trachea is continuous with the larynx in the neck and
extends into the thoracic cavity where it branches to form
the left and right main bronchi. The structure of the
trachea airway is maintained during breathing because of
many rings made of cartilage found within its wall.
5- lymphatic system:
The lymphatic system of the lungs plays an important
supportive role in maintaining liquids, respiratory
defenses, and in removal of inhaled material deposited in
the lungs. The large flow of lymph from the lung tissue
spaces toward the blood helps in removing excess fluid.
B-Lungs:
The lung is the essential respiration organ in animals.
Principal function is to transport oxygen from the
atmosphere into the blood stream, and to release carbon
dioxide from the blood stream into the atmosphere. This
exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of
specialized cells , exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called
alveoli.
Exist inathoracic vacuum (flanked crystal visceral membr
ane) inside the chamber wall of the ribs and sternum,
spine,
and supported
by the
diaphragm.
Lung is spongy organ, Include the bronchial
tree that
resulted from the alveoli. Each cavity is divided into a
number of Convexities (alveolar) that increase the capacity
of the inner surface of the air. Alveolar form alveoli, the
alveoli form (pyramid blocks) called pulmonary lobules
(three in the right lung and only two in the left lung ).
Surrounds each lung membrane with two sheets called
(pleural membrane), adhere to the internal leaflet with
lung, while adhere another with internal face of the
thoracic cage(so the lungs related to rib cage)