* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download File
Allied Control Council wikipedia , lookup
Operation Bodyguard wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
Historiography of the Battle of France wikipedia , lookup
Allied plans for German industry after World War II wikipedia , lookup
Military history of Canada during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Allied war crimes during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Economy of Nazi Germany wikipedia , lookup
New Order (Nazism) wikipedia , lookup
British propaganda during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Causes of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor wikipedia , lookup
Foreign relations of the Axis powers wikipedia , lookup
World War II by country wikipedia , lookup
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Invasion of Normandy wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Naval history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Technology during World War II wikipedia , lookup
End of World War II in Europe wikipedia , lookup
Battle of the Mediterranean wikipedia , lookup
Major Battles/ End of the War Allies / Axis Blitzkrieg technique Battle of Britain, North African Campaign Operation Barbarossa Pearl Harbor Battle of Hong Kong Royal Canadian Navy / Royal Canadian Air Force Dieppe Raid The Italian Campaign D-Day Manhattan Project End of the war WWII Alliances Allies Axis Vichy France- Opposed Nazi Collaboration Blitzkrieg technique • Means Lightning War • Tactic that used surprise, speed, and massive power to overwhelm an army - War planes would lead the attack knocking out key enemy positions and supply lines - German tanks (panzers) would crush through enemy lines Blitzkrieg technique Luftwaffle- German Air Force Lightning War New Technology • Radar- electronic system that uses radio waves to detect objects • Secret Codes- Germans created a machine that turned radio messages into code (Enigma) • Penicillin 1929- able to treat infection New Technology • German V-2 rocketrange of 350km - Inventor Wernher von Braun moved to the US and designed the • Atom Bomb- radioactive material the size of a baseball could level a city • Jet propelled airplanes could fly higher and faster than propeller planes Battle of Britain • After France fell, Hitler launched Operation Sea Lion - The Royal Air Force had to be defeated so Germany could cross the English Channel - Luftwaffle started a massive bombing campaign targeting airfields The Blitz • August 4 German planes bombed London - Accident or deliberate? • British fought back and bombed Berlin - Hitler outraged! • Hitler ordered the continue bombing of London over many weeks - Terrified and killed civilians British 1 Germany 0 • Germany unable to defeat British-Why? British advanced radar system British Spitfires and Hurricanes (effective fighter planes) RAF reinforced with pilots and supplies from Canada • Hitler gave up Sept 1940 23000 people killed (most civillians) North African Campaign • Axis 3 year campaign in the desserts of North Africa • Struggle for control of valuable resources and strategic positions • Italy wanted to increase territory in Africa - Unable to defeat Allies - Germany had to come to aid and now fighting 2 front war • Allied victory May 1943 North African Campaign Operation Barbarossa • Hitler launched June 22 1941 • Massive attack on the Soviet Union that ended the Non Aggression Pact of 1939 with Germany • Hitler always planned on invading the Soviet Union - Wanted territory and resources for Germany Operation Barbarossa • Hitler’s Big Mistake!!!!! - At first German Army swept through unprepared Soviet troops - Yet German Army unprepared for winter once they reached Moscow and Stalingrad - Unable to retreat - Unable to get reinforcements due to North African Campaign Operation Barbarossa • German army surrendered 1943 • 300 000 causalities • Soviets now on the offensive retaking territory - They want revenge against Germany! • Hitler’s aggression ensured the Soviets would join the Allies Pearl Harbor • Dec 7 1941 Japanese planes bombed the US naval base in Pearl Harbor on the island of Hawaii • crippled or destroyed 18 American ships and nearly 300 airplanes. • More than 2,000 Americans soldiers and sailors died in the attack, and another 1,000 were wounded. But the Japanese had failed • all of the Pacific Fleet’s carriers were away from the base on December 7 (most important naval vessel) • the Pearl Harbor assault had left the base’s most vital onshore facilities–oil storage depots, repair shops, shipyards and submarine docks–intact US Enters the War • On December 8 1941, the US declared war on Japan • Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. Kamikaze Pilots a member of a special corps in the Japanese air force charged with the suicidal mission of crashing an aircraft laden with explosives into an enemy target, especially a warship. Fear of Japanese Attack • 1941 Pearl Harbour attacks and the Invasion of Hong Kong increased anti-Japanese sentiment in Canada • Fear an attack in Canada • Led to the internment of the Japanese in Canada Battle of Hong Kong • Dec 8 (Hours after Pearl Harbor) Japan attacked Hong Kong • Canada sent 2 battalions from Winnipeg and Quebec - 20 000 inexperienced soldiers were no match for skilled Japanese Battle of Hong Kong • Hong Kong fell to the Japanese Dec 25 1941 - Black Christmas - Every Canadian soldier was killed or taken prisoner • Nearly 1700 POWs faced brutal conditions and slave labour - 206 died during 3 year imprisonment - Contributed to anti-Japanese sentiment Battle of the Atlantic 1941 • Britain completely dependent on food and supplies from Canada and US - But Allied ships being attacked by German U-boats (Wolf Packs) patrolling the Atlantic Battle of the Atlantic 1941 Germany winning initially - Even sailed into the Gulf of St. Lawrence and up the St. Lawrence River Until British cracked German Naval Code - Able to track movements Royal Canadian Navy • Credited with providing about half of the escorts across the Atlantic - Sailed in convoys in order to defend vessels • Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service created in 1942 - Limited mostly to shore based jobs By May 1943 Allies believed they had won the Atlantic Royal Canadian Air Force • 215 000 enlisted and 35 Canadian squadrons went overseas • Participated in bombing raids • Women's division created in 1941 - Refused to license pilots until late in the war - Ferried bombers to Britain but never saw combat Royal Canadian Air Force • Participated in Britain's controversial Bomber Command - Section of the RAF that directed night bombings over Germany • Nearly 10 000 Canadian Bomber Group members died - Memorial in London England Dieppe Raid • Trial run for the Allied invasion of Europe • 2nd Canadian Division chosen to be the main attack force in a raid on the French port of Dieppe - Plan to land before daybreak backed up by air force and tanks Went All Wrong • Germans alerted when allied ships engage German convoy at sea • Landed in daylight - Easy target for machine guns • Allied tanks ineffective due to a lack of traction on pebbled beach • Poor communication between ships and land troops - second wave sent in and gunned down 907 Canadians killed in 9 hours The Italian Campaign • Plan to invade Italy through the south by North Africa - Winston Churchill thought it would be an easy invasion through the “soft underbelly” of Europe The Italian Campaign Island of Sicily captured in 38 days - Mussolini overthrown and a new government established Mainland Italy was a slow and grueling Advances were slow and battles fought house by house 6000 Canadians died in Italy D Day Operation Overlord June 6 1944 • The biggest Allied invasion of WWII - Planned down to the smallest detail to avoid Dieppe failures • Allies landed troops on 5 beaches along 80km stretch of the Normandy coast in Northern France - Sword, Juno, Gold, Omaha, and Utah 1 million troops at initial landing Band of Brothers • The Allies were able to disrupt transportation and communication lines before the attack by dropping paratroopers behind enemy lines and bombing targets on beaches D Day D DAY Juno Beach • 14000 Canadian soldiers arrived at Juno Beach as part of the first wave of attack • Fought there way inland about 9 km • 359 died • 715 wounded Victory In Europe • The Battle of Berlin - Soviet forces attacked from the east and surrounded the city - Allies positioned north and west to stop German reinforcements Hitler committed suicide in a bunker in Berlin before he was captured Germany surrendered May 7 1945 VE Day May 8 Manhattan Project: Top secret plan to develop an Atom Bomb Manhattan Project Canada contributed the Uranium : Secretly bought the Eldorado mine at Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories to produce it Hiroshima • On August 6, 1945 • US dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb Little Boy over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. • wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people • tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. Nagasaki • Three days later, August 9 1945 US dropped another Abomb Fat Man on Nagasaki, • killing an estimated 40,000 people • tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. Hiroshima and Nagasaki End of the War in the Pacific • Japan’s Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s unconditional surrender in World War II August 14 • citing the devastating power of “a new and most cruel bomb.” The Dickin Medal Recognized as the animals' Victoria Cross - the highest military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of the armed forces Between 1943 and 1949, 54 animals received the medal, including 32 pigeons, 18 dogs and 3 horses. Rob a War Dog - North African Campaign - 20 parachute jumps