Download World War II (5 Minute Review)

World War II (5 Minute Review)
Japan’s Aggression (NO COPY)
• Japan wanted an Empire in
Asia (Imperialism)
• “Militarists” take control of
Japan (Military Govt.)
• Japan needed:
– Natural Resources
– New Markets (economy)
– More land (Rising
Population)
Japan’s Aggression (NO COPY)
• Invaded Manchuria
(1931) = Natural
Resources for Military
• Invaded China (1937)
• Rape of Nanking (4
Months = 370,000
Chinese Massacred)
Nazi Germany’s Aggression (NO COPY)
• Hitler’s wanted more
land for Germany
• Wanted to “free”
German inhabited
area’s and make them
part of Germany again
1st Move = Germany takes the “Rhineland”
(NO COPY)
• Rhineland was a DeMilitarized Zone between
Germany & France (WWI)
• Supposed to be a “buffer”
between France &
Germany
• Appeasement = giving in to
an aggressive nation to
keep peace (WWI)
2nd Move = Unite Germany & Austria
(NO COPY)
• Hitler’s sends his armies
into Austria = Part of
Germany
• 2nd & 1st Move = Violation
of the Versailles Treaty
(WWI)
• Great Britain, France, USA
cannot enforce = “The
Great Depression” (High
Unemployment)
3rd Move = Hitler Seizes the Sudetenland
(NO COPY)
• 3 million German’s the
Sudetenland (Northern
Czech)
• Munch Conference =
England / France give in to
Hitler (Want to avoid war)
• “Third Reich” = Hitler’s
German Empire
Final Move = Hitler Invades Poland = World
War II Begins (NO COPY)
The Blitzkrieg (No Copy)
• Blitzkrieg = “Lighting War”
• Results = Europe Crumbles
–
–
–
–
Poland
Belgium
Holland
Denmark
• The Fall of France
– 6 Weeks
– Maginot Line fails
– Rescue of 400,000 British / French
Soldiers at Dunkirk
Maginot Line
AXIS (No..
 Nazi Germany
 Fascist Italy
 Japan
Copy) ALLIES




Great Britain
U.S.S.R
U.S.A (After 1941)
The “Resistance”
Great Britain Stands Alone
(No Copy)
• Operation Sea Lion – Hitler’s Plan
to invade England
– Cripple the British Royal Air Force
(RAF)
– Land 250,000 troops in England
• The Battle of Britain = Air battle
between the Nazi Luftwaffe and
the Royal Air Force
• Results =
– British beat back the German
invasion
– Used superior fighter planes and
radar
– London bombed excessively
The Atlantic Charter – July 1941 (No
Copy)
• U.S. & England = Set goals for defeating the Axis
powers (Remember…we aren’t in the war yet….Pearl
Harbor is 6 months away)
The United States & World War II
U.S. Policy From Isolation to Intervention
• “Cash & Carry” = Sell weapons
to Allies for cash / they
transport goods
• “Lend Lease” = U.S. rents
weapons long term
• Preparing for War
– Congress Increased Defense
Spending
– 1st Peace Time Draft
• “Shoot on Sight” = German UBoats
• Neutrality? = “Help countries to
protect the U.S.A”
Pearl Harbor Leads to War
• Japanese / American Tension
– Japanese Military depends on US material
(steel, oil, gasoline)
– 1940-1941 = FDR places embargo
• Dec. 7, 1941 = Pearl Harbor
– Surprise attack by Japanese at all
American bases in the Pacific
• Key Stats
– No Aircraft Carriers Lost
– Gas Reserves in Tact
– 3 of 21 damaged ships cannot be repaired
• Public Reaction = Galvanized American
Population to Victory
• Major Turning Point in WWII
• “Germany First” Strategy
– US can’t allow Britain/USSR to fall to Nazi
Germany
– Defeat Germany 1st = All out attack on
Japan
The Home Front = Total War
• “TOTAL WAR” = Entire Population
goes to war
– Wartime production rejuvenates
economy = Kills Great Depression
• The workforce changes
– Factories Shift to War Production
– US Industry output is twice the size
as Axis Powers combined
– Women & Minorities enter the
workforce
• Office of Price Administration =
Rationing of consumer goods
• Conservation and Rationing Effort
Nationwide
– “Victory Gardens”
– Recycling Programs
The Japanese Internment
• March 1942 Executive Order #9066 = All
Japanese Americans on the West Coast
relocated to Internment Camps for duration of
the war
– Why? = Allegedly a potential security threat
– German/Italian Americans = No relocation
– 110,000 total
•
Korematsu v. United States = Supreme Court
= Interment as constitutional since it occurs
during wartime
• 442nd Regimental Combat Team
– 30,000 All Japanese-American Unit served in
Europe
– Most Decorated Unit in U.S History (10,000
Purple Hearts, 52 Distinguished Service
Crosses, 23 Medal of Honor)
• Internment Ends 12/17/1944
The Pacific Theater = Japan
•
Two-pronged drive “Island Hopping”
against Japan
– Douglas MacArthur led drive
through New Guinea to the
Philippines
– Chester Nimitz led navy westward
from Pearl Harbor to the
Philippines
•
June, 1942: Victory at Midway
•
June 21, 1945: U.S. captured Okinawa,
complete control of Pacific, defeat of
Japan only a matter of time
•
Manhattan Project offered way to crush
Japan without invasion
– August 6: Atom bomb destroyed
Hiroshima
– August 9: Atom bomb destroyed
Nagasaki
•
August 14: Japan surrenders
1936 to 1941
Pearl Harbor
1942
Battle of Midway
Battle of the Coral Sea
1943 to 1945
“Island Hopping”
Iwo Jima
The Atlantic Theater = Europe
•
Nov 1942: U.S. invaded North Africa
•
May 1943: U.S./British invaded Italy /
Mussolini falls from power
•
June 6, 1944: Normandy Invasion (DDay)
– US / British advances through
western Europe
•
May 7, 1945: Unconditional German
surrender
•
Holocaust = 6-10 million European Jews &
Other ethnicities murdered in
Concentration Camps
•
“The Big Three” = FDR, Winston Churchill,
Joseph Stalin
– Demanded unconditional surrender
of AXIS
– Final Meeting in YALTA 1945
– Sets up Cold War Battle lines
Direct Effect of WWII on U.S.
• U.S. the most
powerful nation on
earth
• Unprecedented
economic prosperity
• Federal government a
permanent force in
daily life
• Cold War Begins