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Major Battles/ End of the War
Allies / Axis
Blitzkrieg technique
Battle of Britain, North African Campaign
Operation Barbarossa
Pearl Harbor
Battle of Hong Kong
Royal Canadian Navy / Royal Canadian Air Force
Dieppe Raid
The Italian Campaign
D-Day
Manhattan Project
End of the war
WWII Alliances
Allies
Axis
Vichy France- Opposed Nazi
Collaboration
Blitzkrieg technique
• Means Lightning War
• Tactic that used surprise, speed, and massive
power to overwhelm an army
- War planes would lead the attack knocking out
key enemy positions and supply lines
- German tanks (panzers) would crush through
enemy lines
Blitzkrieg technique
Luftwaffle- German Air Force
Lightning War
New Technology
• Radar- electronic system
that uses radio waves to
detect objects
• Secret Codes- Germans
created a machine that
turned radio messages
into code (Enigma)
• Penicillin 1929- able to
treat infection
New Technology
• German V-2 rocketrange of 350km
- Inventor Wernher von
Braun moved to the US
and designed the
• Atom Bomb- radioactive
material the size of a
baseball could level a city
• Jet propelled airplanes
could fly higher and
faster than propeller
planes
Battle of Britain
• After France fell, Hitler
launched Operation Sea
Lion
- The Royal Air Force had
to be defeated so
Germany could cross the
English Channel
- Luftwaffle started a
massive bombing
campaign targeting
airfields
The Blitz
• August 4 German planes
bombed London
- Accident or deliberate?
• British fought back and
bombed Berlin
- Hitler outraged!
• Hitler ordered the continue
bombing of London over many
weeks
- Terrified and killed civilians
British 1 Germany 0
• Germany unable to defeat British-Why?
British advanced radar system
British Spitfires and Hurricanes (effective fighter
planes)
RAF reinforced with pilots and supplies from
Canada
• Hitler gave up Sept 1940
23000 people killed (most civillians)
North African Campaign
• Axis 3 year campaign in the desserts of North
Africa
• Struggle for control of valuable resources and
strategic positions
• Italy wanted to increase territory in Africa
- Unable to defeat Allies
- Germany had to come to aid and now fighting 2 front
war
• Allied victory May 1943
North African Campaign
Operation Barbarossa
• Hitler launched June 22 1941
• Massive attack on the Soviet
Union that ended the Non
Aggression Pact of 1939 with
Germany
• Hitler always planned on
invading the Soviet Union
- Wanted territory and
resources for Germany
Operation Barbarossa
• Hitler’s Big Mistake!!!!!
- At first German Army swept
through unprepared Soviet
troops
- Yet German Army unprepared
for winter once they reached
Moscow and Stalingrad
- Unable to retreat
- Unable to get reinforcements
due to North African
Campaign
Operation Barbarossa
• German army surrendered
1943
• 300 000 causalities
• Soviets now on the offensive
retaking territory
- They want revenge against
Germany!
• Hitler’s aggression ensured the
Soviets would join the Allies
Pearl Harbor
• Dec 7 1941 Japanese planes
bombed the US naval base in
Pearl Harbor on the island of
Hawaii
• crippled or destroyed 18
American ships and nearly
300 airplanes.
• More than 2,000 Americans
soldiers and sailors died in the
attack, and another 1,000 were
wounded.
But the Japanese had failed
• all of the Pacific Fleet’s carriers were away from
the base on December 7 (most important naval
vessel)
• the Pearl Harbor assault had left the base’s most
vital onshore facilities–oil storage depots, repair
shops, shipyards and submarine docks–intact
US Enters the War
• On December 8 1941, the US declared war on
Japan
• Three days later, Germany and Italy declared
war against the United States.
Kamikaze
Pilots
a member of a special
corps in the Japanese
air force charged with
the suicidal mission of
crashing an aircraft
laden with explosives
into an enemy target,
especially a warship.
Fear of Japanese Attack
• 1941 Pearl Harbour attacks
and the Invasion of Hong
Kong increased anti-Japanese
sentiment in Canada
• Fear an attack in Canada
• Led to the internment of the
Japanese in Canada
Battle of Hong Kong
• Dec 8 (Hours after Pearl
Harbor) Japan attacked Hong
Kong
• Canada sent 2 battalions from
Winnipeg and Quebec
- 20 000 inexperienced soldiers
were no match for skilled
Japanese
Battle of Hong Kong
• Hong Kong fell to the
Japanese Dec 25 1941
- Black Christmas
- Every Canadian soldier was
killed or taken prisoner
• Nearly 1700 POWs faced
brutal conditions and slave
labour
- 206 died during 3 year
imprisonment
- Contributed to anti-Japanese
sentiment
Battle of the Atlantic 1941
• Britain completely dependent
on food and supplies from
Canada and US
- But Allied ships being attacked
by German U-boats (Wolf
Packs) patrolling the Atlantic
Battle of the Atlantic 1941
Germany winning initially
- Even sailed into the Gulf of St.
Lawrence and up the St.
Lawrence River
Until British cracked German
Naval Code
- Able to track movements
Royal Canadian Navy
• Credited with providing about
half of the escorts across the
Atlantic
- Sailed in convoys in order to
defend vessels
• Women’s Royal Canadian
Naval Service created in 1942
- Limited mostly to shore based
jobs
By May 1943 Allies believed they
had won the Atlantic
Royal Canadian Air Force
• 215 000 enlisted and 35
Canadian squadrons went
overseas
• Participated in bombing raids
• Women's division created in
1941
- Refused to license pilots until
late in the war
- Ferried bombers to Britain but
never saw combat
Royal Canadian Air Force
• Participated in Britain's
controversial Bomber
Command
- Section of the RAF that
directed night bombings over
Germany
• Nearly 10 000 Canadian
Bomber Group members died
- Memorial in London England
Dieppe Raid
• Trial run for the Allied invasion of Europe
• 2nd Canadian Division chosen to be the main
attack force in a raid on the French port of
Dieppe
- Plan to land before daybreak backed up by air
force and tanks
Went All Wrong
• Germans alerted when allied
ships engage German convoy
at sea
• Landed in daylight
- Easy target for machine guns
• Allied tanks ineffective due to
a lack of traction on pebbled
beach
• Poor communication between
ships and land troops
- second wave sent in and
gunned down
907 Canadians killed in 9 hours
The Italian Campaign
• Plan to invade Italy
through the south by
North Africa
- Winston Churchill thought it
would be an easy invasion
through the “soft underbelly”
of Europe
The Italian Campaign
Island of Sicily captured in 38
days
- Mussolini overthrown and a
new government established
Mainland Italy was a slow and
grueling
Advances were slow and battles
fought house by house
6000 Canadians died in Italy
D Day Operation Overlord June 6 1944
• The biggest Allied invasion of
WWII
- Planned down to the smallest
detail to avoid Dieppe failures
• Allies landed troops on 5
beaches along 80km stretch of
the Normandy coast in
Northern France
- Sword, Juno, Gold, Omaha,
and Utah
1 million troops at initial landing
Band of Brothers
• The Allies were able to disrupt
transportation and
communication lines before
the attack by dropping
paratroopers behind enemy
lines and bombing targets on
beaches
D Day
D DAY Juno Beach
• 14000 Canadian soldiers
arrived at Juno Beach as part
of the first wave of attack
• Fought there way inland about
9 km
• 359 died
• 715 wounded
Victory In Europe
• The Battle of Berlin
- Soviet forces attacked from the
east and surrounded the city
- Allies positioned north and
west to stop German
reinforcements
Hitler committed suicide in a
bunker in Berlin before he was
captured
Germany surrendered May 7
1945
VE Day May 8
Manhattan Project: Top secret plan to
develop an Atom Bomb
Manhattan Project
Canada contributed the Uranium : Secretly bought the
Eldorado mine at Great Bear Lake in the Northwest
Territories to produce it
Hiroshima
• On August 6, 1945
• US dropped the world’s first
deployed atomic bomb Little
Boy over the Japanese city of
Hiroshima.
• wiped out 90 percent of the
city and immediately killed
80,000 people
• tens of thousands more would
later die of radiation exposure.
Nagasaki
• Three days later, August 9
1945 US dropped another Abomb Fat Man on Nagasaki,
• killing an estimated 40,000
people
• tens of thousands more would
later die of radiation exposure.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
End of the War in the Pacific
• Japan’s Emperor Hirohito announced his
country’s unconditional surrender in World War
II August 14
• citing the devastating power of “a new and most
cruel bomb.”
The Dickin Medal
Recognized as the animals'
Victoria Cross
- the highest military decoration
awarded for valour "in the face
of the enemy" to members of
the armed forces
Between 1943 and 1949, 54
animals received the medal,
including 32 pigeons, 18 dogs
and 3 horses.
Rob a War Dog
- North African Campaign
- 20 parachute jumps