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Physics Samples
KE, PE, Springs
Name ____________________
Per ___ Date ___________
1. A 1.0-kilogram rubber ball traveling east at 4.0
meters per second hits a wall and bounces back
toward the west at 2.0 meters per second.
Compared to the kinetic energy of the ball before
it hits the wall, the kinetic energy of the ball
after it bounces off the wall is
(A) one-fourth as great
(C) the same
(B) one-half as great
(D) four times as great
2. The kinetic energy of a 980-kilogram race car
traveling at 90. meters per second is
approximately
(A) 4.4 × 104 J
4
(B) 8.8 × 10 J
(C) 4.0 × 106 J
6
(D) 7.9 × 10 J
3. An object moving at a constant speed of 25
meters per second possesses 450 joules of kinetic
energy. What is the object’s mass?
(A) 0.72 kg
(C) 18 kg
(B) 1.4 kg
(D) 36 kg
5. The diagram below shows block A, having mass 2m
and speed v, and block B having mass m and speed
2v.
Compared to the kinetic energy of block A, the
kinetic energy of block B is
(A) the same
(C) one-half as great
(B) twice as great
(D) four times as great
6. Which graph best represents the relationship
between gravitational potential energy (PE) and
height (h) above the ground for an object near the
surface of Earth?
(A)
(C)
(B)
(D)
4. Which graph best represents the relationship
between the kinetic energy of a moving object and
its velocity?
(A)
(C)
(B)
(D)
7. A girl rides an escalator that moves her upward at
constant speed. As the girl rises, how do her
gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy
change?
(A) Gravitational potential energy decreases and
kinetic energy decreases.
(B) Gravitational potential energy decreases and
kinetic energy remains the same.
(C) Gravitational potential energy increases and
kinetic energy decreases.
(D) Gravitational potential energy increases and
kinetic energy remains the same.
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8. Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below which shows a 1-kilogram mass and a
2-kilogram mass being dropped from a building 100
meters high.
The potential energy at the top of the building is
(A) greater for the 1-kilogram mass
(B) greater for the 2-kilogram mass
(C) the same for both masses
9. A cart weighing 10 Newtons is pushed 10 meters
on a level surface by a force of 5 Newtons. What
is the increase in its potential energy?
(A) 1 joule
(C) 100 joules
(B) 50 joules
(D) 0 joules
11. A box weighing 1.0 x 102 Newtons is dragged to
the top of an incline, as shown in the diagram
below.
The gravitational potential energy of the box at
the top of the incline is approximately
(A) 1.0 x 102 J
(C) 8.0 x 102 J
(B) 6.0 x 102 J
(D) 1.0 x 103 J
12. In the diagram below, an average force of 20.
Newtons is used to pull back the string of a bow
0.60 meter.
10. A mass resting on a shelf 10.0 meters above the
floor has a gravitational potential energy of 980.
joules with respect to the floor. The mass is
moved to a shelf 8.00 meters above the floor.
What is the new gravitational potential energy of
the mass?
(A) 960. J
(C) 490. J
(B) 784 J
(D) 196 J
As the arrow, leaves the bow, its kinetic energy is
(A) 3.4 J
(C) 12 J
(B) 6.0 J
(D) 33 J
13. A 10.-kilogram mass falls freely a distance of 6.0
meters near the Earth's surface. The total kinetic
energy gained by the mass as it falls is
approximately
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(A) 60. J
(C) 720 J
(B) 590 J
(D) 1,200 J
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14. A force is applied to a block, causing it to
accelerate along a horizontal, frictionless surface.
The energy gained by the block is equal to the
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
work done on the block
power applied to the block
impulse applied to the block
momentum given to the block
18. The diagram below shows a cart at four positions
as it moves along a frictionless track. At which
positions is the sum of the potential energy and
kinetic energy of the cart the same?
15. A 0.10-kilogram ball dropped vertically from a
height of 1.0 meter above the floor bounces back
to a height of 0.80 meter. The mechanical energy
lost by the ball as it bounces is approximately
(A) 0.080 J
(C) 0.30 J
(B) 0.20 J
(D) 0.78 J
16. The diagram below shows a moving, 5.00-kilogram
cart at the foot of a hill 10.0 meters high. For the
cart to reach the top of the hill, what is the
minimum kinetic energy of the cart in the position
shown? [Neglect energy loss due to friction.]
(A) 4.91 J
(C) 250. J
(B) 50.0 J
(D) 491 J
17. The diagram below shows three positions, A, B, and
C, in the swing of a pendulum, released from rest
at point A. [Neglect friction.]
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
19. The diagram below which represents a swinging
pendulum.
The potential energy that an ideal pendulum has at
point x equals the value of its kinetic energy at
point
(A) A
(C) C
(B) B
(D) D
Which statement is true about this swinging
pendulum?
(A) The potential energy at A equals the kinetic
energy at C.
(B) The speed of the pendulum at A equals the
speed of the pendulum at B.
(C) The potential energy at B equals the potential
energy at C.
(D) The potential energy at A equals the kinetic
energy at B.
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A and B , only
B and C, only
C and D, only
all positions, A through D
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Base your answers to questions 20 and 21 on the
diagram below which shows a 1-kilogram stone being
dropped from a bridge 100 meters above a gorge.
23. As the object slides down the incline, the sum of
the gravitational potential energy and kinetic
energy of the object will
(A) decrease
(C) remain the same
(B) increase
24. Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below which represents a block with initial
velocity v1 sliding along a frictionless track from
point A through point E.
20. What will be the kinetic energy of the stone after
it has fallen 50 meters?
(A) 98 J
(C) 50 J
(B) 490 J
(D) 100 J
21. As the stone falls, the gravitational potential
energy of the stone
(A) decreases
(C) remains the same
(B) increases
Base your answers to questions 22 and 23 on the
diagram below. The diagram represents a 1.00 kilogram
object being held at rest on a frictionless incline.
The velocity of the block will be least at point
(A) A
(C) C
(B) B
(D) E
25. A catapult with a spring constant of 1.0 × 104
newtons per meter is required to launch an
airplane from the deck of an aircraft carrier. The
plane is released when it has been displaced 0.50
meter from its equilibrium position by the
catapult. The energy acquired by the airplane from
the catapult during takeoff is approximately
(A) 1.3 × 103 J
(C) 2.5 × 103 J
(B) 2.0 × 104 J
(D) 1.0 × 104 J
26. As a spring is stretched, its elastic potential
energy
(A) decreases
(C) remains the same
(B) increases
22. The object is released and slides the length of the
incline. When it reaches the bottom of the incline,
the object's kinetic energy will be closest to
(A) 19.6 J
(C) 9.81 J
(B) 2.00 J
(D) 4.00 J
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27. A 3.0-kilogram mass is attached to a spring having
a spring constant of 30. newtons per meter. The
mass is pulled 0.20 meter from the spring's
equilibrium position and released. What is the
maximum kinetic energy achieved by the mass
spring system?
(A) 2.4 J
(C) 1.2 J
(B) 1.5 J
(D) 0.60 J
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28. A spring of negligible mass has a spring constant
of 50. newtons per meter. If the spring is
stretched 0.40 meter from its equilibrium
position, how much potential energy is stored in
the spring?
(A) 20. J
(C) 8.0 J
(B) 10. J
(D) 4.0 J
Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the information below and on your knowledge of physics.
Using a spring toy like the one shown in the diagram, a physics teacher pushes on the toy, compressing the
spring, causing the suction cup to stick to the base of the toy.
When the teacher removes her hand, the toy pops straight up and just brushes against the ceiling. She does this
demonstration five times, always with the same result.
When the teacher repeats the demonstration for the sixth time the toy crashes against the ceiling with
considerable force. The students notice that in this trial, the spring and toy separated from the base at the
moment the spring released.
The teacher puts the toy back together, repeats the demonstration and the toy once again just brushes against
the ceiling.
29. Describe the conversions that take place between pairs of the three forms of mechanical energy, beginning with the
work done by the teacher on the toy and ending with the form(s) of energy possessed by the toy as it hits the ceiling.
[Neglect friction.]
30. Explain, in terms of mass and energy, why the spring toy hits the ceiling in the sixth trial and not in the other trials.
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Base your answers to questions 31 through 34 on the information and table below.
The table lists the kinetic energy of a 4.0-kilogram mass as it travels in a straight line for 12.0 seconds.
31. Compare the speed of the mass at 6.0 seconds to the speed of the mass at 10.0 seconds.
32. Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled “Kinetic Energy (J).”
33. Plot the data points for kinetic energy versus time.
34. Calculate the speed of the mass at 10.0 seconds. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]
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35. Base your answer to the following question on the
information and diagram below.
A 160.-newton box sits on a 10.-meter-long
frictionless plane inclined at an angle of 30.° to
the horizontal as shown. Force (F) applied to a
rope attached to the box causes the box to move
with a constant speed up the incline.
Calculate the amount of work done in moving the
box from the bottom to the top of the inclined
plane. [Show all work, including the equation and
substitution with units.]
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Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the information and diagram below.
A block of mass m starts from rest at height h on a frictionless incline. The block slides down the incline
across a frictionless level surface and comes to rest by compressing a spring through distance x, as
shown in the diagram below.
36. Name the forms of mechanical energy possessed by the system when the block is in position A and in position B.
37. Determine the spring constant, k, in terms of g, h, m, and x. [Show all work including formulas and an algebraic solution
for k.]
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