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Name: ______________________________ Donald Johanson Paleoanthropologist Nationality: American Dates: 1943 – Present Main Work: Lucy (1974) Charles Darwin Naturalist Details: Lucy is the fossil of a female discovered in Ethiopia, Africa. 40% of her body was found which suggested she had walked upright but had curved fingers which suggests she lived in trees. Main Work: Published his work called the Origin of Species in 1859 which introduced the world to his theory of evolutionary selection. Believed that humans originated in Africa Darwin’s Theory: Natural selection is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits Nationality: English Dates: 1809-1882 Name: ______________________________ Primatologist Nationality: British Dates: 1934- Present Main Work: 55-year study on chimpanzees’ social and familial interactions in Gombe, Tanzania Jane Goodall Details/ Findings: She found that gorillas have personalities and emotions as humans do Today: She remains an activist for animal rights and works for the Leakey Foundation Anatomist Nationality: Australian Dates: 1893-1988 Killer Ape Theory: war and aggression are a driving force behind evolution and what differs humans from other primates Raymond Dart Main Work: One of the first to discover a human skull (of a child) in Africa called the Taung Child. (1924) Details: We know that the Taung Child is the skull of a human and not an ape because of the dimensions of the brain being larger. Name: ______________________________ The Leakeys (Louis, Mary and Richard) Paleoanthropologists Nationality: British Dates: Mary- 1913-1996 Louis- 1903-1972 Richard- 1944- Present Selected Jane Goodall to work for them Main Work: Mary and Louis established a program of paleoanthropology in Africa to study human origins: The Leakey Foundation Discoveries: Mary discovered the Laetoli footprints in Tanzania which are footprints preserved in volcanic ash that provided evidence for the theory that a certain primate walked on two limbs instead of four Mary discovered 15 new species of animals throughout her career Today: Richard continued his parents’ studies in Kenya leading teams of paleoanthropologists in discovering other hominids Made stone tool discoveries Glossary: Hominid: A primate of a family that includes humans and their ancestors including great apes Paleoanthropologist: a branch of anthropology dealing with fossils of hominids [paleontology + anthropology] Naturalist: someone who studies natural history including wildlife Primatologist: the study of fossilized and living primates Anatomist: Study the form and function of human anatomy