Download Napoleon Bonaparte PowerPoint - Mrs. Darling`s Digital Classroom.

Please make sure you have your
homework.
If you have not finished it, do so
now…
Be sure to study it! There is a quiz
this morning!
Bell Ringer
Napoleon Bonaparte is recognized as one
of the world’s greatest military geniuses
along with Alexander the Great of
Macedonia, Hannibal of Carthage, and
Julius Caesar of Rome
 In just four years, 1795-1799, Napoleon
rose from a position as a military officer
in the French army to become master of
France

Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon had great success as a general and won the
hearts of the many French men and women
 Helped defend the Directory (government)
 Won a series of remarkable victories for France
 By 1799, the government lost control of the political
situation and the confidence of the French people
 People urged Napoleon to take over the government
 Napoleon and his forces quickly eliminated the
Directory and assumed the powers of a dictator – this
is known as coup d’etat – “Blow to the State”

Napoleon Becomes Popular
What is Nationalism?
 Strong feeling of pride in and devotion to
one’s country
 Napoleon’s success made people feel
PROUD to be from France
 Revolution and war gave the French people a
strong sense of national identity

Nationalism Spreads

During Napoleon’s coup, France was at war
with Britain, Austria, and Russia
 Napoleon was able to sign peace agreements
with all three countries
 By 1802, France was at peace for the first time
in 10 years
 Napoleon was ready to focus on restoring
order to France
War in France

Napoleon tried at first to appear to have been a
constitutionally chosen leader of the free
republic
 In 1800, a plebiscite (vote of the people), was
held to approve a new constitution
 The people voted for the new constitution
and gave Napoleon all real power as the first
consul
ANOTHER New Government

Napoleon kept many changes that occurred during the Revolution
 Supported laws that would strengthen the central government
 Supported laws that would achieve some goals of the Revolution
 The Economy
 Napoleon set up an efficient method of tax collection and
established a national banking system
 End to Corrupt Government
 Napoleon took steps to end corruption and inefficiency in
government
 Dismissed corrupt officials
 Set up government-run public schools
Restoring Order
Napoleon signed the concordat
(agreement) that established a new
relationship between the church and state
Government recognized the influence of
the church, but rejected Church control
in national affairs

Separation of Church and State
His greatest achievement? According to him…
 Comprehensive set of laws known as the
Napoleonic Code that eliminated many injustices
 In reality…
 The code limited liberty and promoted order and
authority over individual rights
 Restored slavery in the French colonies in the
Caribbean

The Napoleonic Code

On December 2, 1804, Napoleon, with the support of
the French people, crowned himself emperor
 When Napoleon placed the crown on his head
instead of the Pope, he signaled he was more
powerful than the Church
 Napoleon, however, will not just be ruler of France,
but plans to be Emperor of Europe
Napoleon the Emperor
In addition to a European Empire, Napoleon also
wanted to reassert French control in the Americas
 He was UNSUCCESSFUL
 Napoleon then focused on his European Empire
 He had already annexed the Austrian Netherlands,
parts of Italy, and set up a puppet government in
Switzerland
 England, fearful of Napoleon’s plan, banded
together with Russia, Austria, and Sweden to fight
France

Napoleon plans to Expand

Napoleon met the challenge and acted with a
skilled boldness
 In brilliant battles, he crushed the opposition
 Rulers of Austria, Prussia, and Russia were
forced to sign peace treaties with France
 Only Britain was left standing in his way
 These successes enabled Napoleon to build
the largest European empire since that of the
Romans
Napoleon: Military Leader
In his drive for a European Empire, Napoleon
lost only one major battle – The Battle of
Trafalgar in 1805
 Effects of the Battle of Trafalgar
 It ensured the supremacy of the British navy
for the next 100 years
 Forced Napoleon to give up his plans of
invading Britain

The Battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon was a brilliant military general on land, but
his extravagant efforts to crush Britain would lead to
his own undoing
 By 1812, the only areas of Europe free from Napoleon’s
control were Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and the
Ottoman Empire (modern day Turkey)
 He was puppet master to Russia, Prussia, Austria,
and Spain

The French Empire
Napoleon was only able to maintain
control for five years – 1807-1812
He will make costly mistakes that
will cause his empire to fall to
pieces

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Power led Napoleon to great heights, but his
love of power will also led to his demise
 In an effort to extend the French Empire and
crush Great Britain, Napoleon made three
costly mistakes…

Napoleon’s Mistakes
1. The Continental System
 Naval blockade to prevent trade and communication between
Europe and Britain
 FAILED
2. The Peninsular War
 In trying to force Portugal to accept the Continental System,
Spain rebelled and fought against the French for six years
 Napoleon could not defeat the Spanish guerrilla warfare
3. The Invasion of Russia
 In 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia
 Invaded with 420,000 soldiers
 Left with 10,000 soldiers
Napoleon’s Mistakes (cont’d)
The main powers of Europe were quick to take
advantage of France’s weakened army
 Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, and Austria
declared war on France
 Napoleon raised a weak and ill-trained army to
fight these European powers, but in 1814 the
Frederick William III of Prussia and Czar
Alexander I of Russia marched into the French
capital of Paris

Napoleon’s Downfall
Napoleon surrendered his throne and was exiled to a
small island called Elba, but was not done yet…
 Louis XVI’s brother assumed the French throne and
became known as Louis XVIII
 The people of France believed he was going to try to
undo the advances of the French Revolution
 Napoleon took this as his chance to reclaim his
throne
 Napoleon escaped from Elba and landed in France
on March 1, 1815

Exile
French people welcomed Napoleon back again and he
once again became Emperor of France
 The European allies responded by raising their armies
 The British army prepared to fight Napoleon’s forces
at a village called Waterloo
 Battle of Waterloo
 British and Prussian forces crushed Napoleon
 Europeans sent Napoleon away again
 He lived on the island of St. Helena for six years
and died of a stomach ailment

Second Exile
Napoleon’s defeat opened the door for the freed
European countries to establish a new order
 European heads of government were looking for
long-lasting peace and stability
 They had a goal to create a new European order – an
order of collective security and stability for the entire
continent
 A series of meetings in Vienna, Austria known as the
Congress of Vienna, was set up to achieve this goal

A Changing Europe
“Balance of Power” doctrine
 Wanted to make sure no one person/nation had that
much power again
 New political philosophies (liberalism, conservatism)
emerged
 New political map of Europe
 Redrew political borders to make sure there was a
balance

Legacy of the Congress of
Vienna