Download Consolidated many revolutionary changes 1799-1815

World History Chapter 6, Section 4 Notes
Consolidated many revolutionary changes 1799-1815
I.
Napoleon rose to power
A. Born in Corsica, Mediterranean island, family not
wealthy
1. Sent to France at 9 & trained for military
2. Ambitious, 20 a lieutenant at start of Revolution
B. Rose quickly in army
1. 1793 drove British out of Toulon
2. Victorious over Austrians
3. 1798 expedition to Egypt, disasters
C. 1799 became political leader
1. Overthrew Directory
2. Set up consulate
3. Took title of First Counsul
4. 1804 assumed title of Emperor of the French
5. Each step Napoleon held plebiscite (allowing
voters to ballot)
II. Revolutionary Reforms strengthened central govt
A. Reforms
1. Restore economic prosperity
a. Controlled prices
b. Encouraged new industry
c. Built roads & canals
2. Set up public schools to train officials &
military officers
3. Made peace w/ Catholic Church
a. In Concordat of 1801
b. Placed Church under State control
4. Support from all classes
a. Let nobles return if took loyalty oath
b. Let peasants have land they bought
from Catholic Church
B. Napoleonic Code – new code of law
1. Equality of citizens before law (except for
women, lost most of rights)
World History Chapter 6, Section 4 Notes
2. Religious toleration
3. Advancement based on merit
III. Napoleon built an Empire in Europe
A. Success on battlefield
1. Rapid troop movement for more effective use
of large armies
2. New plan for each battle, kept enemies
confused
B. Grand French Empire
1. Annexed (added new areas) to France
a. Netherlands
b. Belgium
c. Parts of Italy & Germany
2. Abolished Holy Roman Empire, created &
controlled Confederation of the
Rhine
3. Cut Prussian territory in half
4. Controlled Europe through forced diplomacy
– put friends & relatives on
thrones
C. France could not control Britain
1. Britain used sea power (1805) Battle of
Trafalgar where British admiral Horatio Nelson
beat French fleet
2. Napoleon waged economic war through
Continental System
a. Closed European ports to British goods
b. Britain blockaded (shut off ports to
keep people & supplies from moving in
or out) European ports
c. British navy kept trade routes open to
America & India
IV. Napoleon’s Empire Faces challenges
A. In 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia, which is the
beginning of the end for him
World History Chapter 6, Section 4 Notes
European nations resented Napoleon’s power &
started revolts against France
a. Revolts from Rome to Madrid, saw Napoleon
and his army as foreign oppressors.
C. Napoleon set up his brother as King of Spain
1. Napoleon tried to undermine the Catholic
Church
2. Spanish resisted; French army treated
Spanish badly
3. Spanish patriots
a. Used guerilla warfare (hit & run raids)
b. Kept French army fighting in Spain;
could have been used elsewhere
D. Austrians resumed war with France after
Spanish resistance success.
a. 1809 Battle of Wagram, Austrian’s lost
b. Under the peace agreement, Austria
had to surrender lands populated by
more than 3 million subjects.
E. Czar Alexander I of Russia
1. angry over French – Austrian “alliance”
2. Didn’t like Continental System & withdrew
Russia
3. Concerned that French Empire now bordered
Russia
4. 1812, 400,000 European soldiers invaded
Russia, led by Napoleon
c. Russians retreated eastward burning
crops & villages
d. “Scorched Earth Policy” left French
troops cold & hungry
e. French had to retreat 1000 miles, lost
300,000 men
f.
French LOST !
Events that led to Napoleon’s downfall
B.
V.
World History Chapter 6, Section 4 Notes
A.
Russia united w/ Britain, Austria & Prussia,
defeated French at Battle of Nations at Leipzig
B. 1814, Napoleon abdicated (stepped down from
power)
1. Exiled to Elba (Mediterranean Island)
2. Louis XVIII became king of France
3. Economic depression brought Napoleon back
to power for 100 days
C. British forces under Duke of Wellington & Prussian
forces under General Bucher defeated Napoleon
at Waterloo
D. Napoleon abdicated again & exiled to St. Helena,
island in South Atlantic
E. Napoleon’s accomplishments
1. France- centralized state govt w/ constitution
& greater access to education
2. World- spread ideas of Revolution &
nationalism
a. Did away w/ Holy Roman Empire, lead
to formation of new Germany
b. Sold Louisiana Territory to America,
doubling size of U.S.
VI. Goals of Congress of Vienna
A. Met for 10 months in 1814 & 1815; host – Emperor
Francis I of
Austria but real work done by:
1. Prince Metternich - Austria
a. Metternich wanted status quo (the way
things were) in 1792
2. Czar Alexander I – Russia
a. Alexander I wanted holy alliance of
Christian kings to stop revolutions
3. Lord Castlereagh – Britain
a. Castlereagh wanted to keep French
military down
World History Chapter 6, Section 4 Notes
Prince Talleyrand – France
a. Talleyrand played other leaders against
each other
Chief goal – create lasting peace w/ balance of
power & protect monarchs, contain France from
further expansion
To create a balance of power encircle France w/
strong nations, Vienna Congress redrew Europe’s
map
1. Created Kingdom of Netherlands – Belgium,
Luxembourg, Holland
2. Gave Prussia lands along Rhine R.
3. Gave Austria control of northern Italy
Legitimacy - gave kings back power in Portugal,
Spain & Italian states, that they had in 1792 &
restored Louis XVIII to power in France
Quadruple Alliance – Austria, Prussia, Russia, &
Gr. Britain pledged to maintain balance of power &
stop revolutions
a. RESULT> Failed to see future conflicts b/c of
nationalism
4.
B.
C.
D.
D.