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Ancient Egypt
Why is there winter?
Today’s overview
“Hymn to the Nile” and Assignment 3 due
tomorrow
Quiz 3 on November 1:
 Short Essay on the Nile (11 points)
 Facts about the 3 kingdoms of Ancient Egypt
(notes on October 31) (12 points)
Why
does
the Nile
River
flow
from
South to
North?
 3 kingdoms of Ancient Egypt
 2 intermediary periods
Lower and
Upper Egypt
were two
separate
places
2 parts of
Egypt were
united
3100 BCE by
King Menes
Old
Kingdom
2600-2100
BCE
1st
intermediary
period
Middle
Kingdom
1900-1600
BCE
2nd
intermediary
period
New
Kingdom
1500-1100
BCE
Old Kingdom
 2600-2100 BCE
 “Pyramid Age”
 Pharaohs were like gods
 Absolute power
 Owned and ruled all the land
 Pharaohs used a vizier (pronounced “vihzeer”), a chief minister, to supervise the
government.
From the tomb of a famous
vizier named Ptah-hotep
1st intermediary period
This first intermediary period was the downfall of the old kingdom because of:
 Crop failure
 Famine (kelaparan)
 Power struggle
 Lost money trying to build the pyramids
Middle Kingdom
Pharaohs reunite the land and the Middle Kingdom began
 1900-1600 BCE
 Pharaohs were buried in tombs
 Corruption
 Rebellion
 Nile did not flood enough
 Large drainage project (irrigation for the crops)
 Expanded Egyptian rule to parts of Nubia (south of Egypt)
 Looked for gold in Nubia
2nd intermediary period
Downfall of the Middle Kingdom…
 A group of people called the Hyksos (pronounced “Hik-sos”) came with
chariots from the Middle East. Assimilated into Egyptian culture.
 Hyksos ruled for about 100 years
New Kingdom
Finally, the Egyptians kicked out the Hyksos,
beginning the New Kingdom.
 1500-1100 BCE
 Build the largest empire in Ancient Egypt.
 Stretched all the way to Syria and the Euphrates
River
 Strong pharaohs
 Egypt prospered and developed
 Battled with the Hittites from Asia
 End of Ancient Egypt:
 Nubians regained independence and built
their own empire in the south.
 Assyrians and Persians take over Egypt
Quiz tomorrow! November 1
Short Essay on the Nile river and its
importance(11 points)
Graded on content and structure!
What was it used for?
What were the dangers?
Facts about the 3 kingdoms of Ancient Egypt
(notes from today) (12 points)
Rosetta Stone
Created c. 196
BCE
Discovered:
1798
Current
location: British
Museum in
England
1802-present
Rosetta Stone
Demotic: “dee-mah-tik” Cuneiform: “q-neh-form”
Why was the Rosetta Stone so important?
Why do we call the language learning program
“Rosetta Stone”?
3 kingdoms of Ancient Egypt
Quiz reminder for tomorrow
 Short Essay on the Nile (11 points)
 Facts about the 3 kingdoms of
Ancient Egypt (12 points)
Biblical plagues of Egypt vs.
Scientific evidence
Some facts to know before you begin reading:
- The Israelites came to Egypt around 1730-1445 BC or
1450-1275 BCE
- They were enslaved there for about 430 years. (Exodus 12:40)
1. Why were they enslaved there? (Exodus 1)
2. What other rule did Pharaoh make to control the Israelite’s
population? (Exodus 1:15)
- When they fled, there were about 6,000 men (not counting
women and children)
3. How many women and children do you think there were and
why?
Answer these questions in your History
Notebook:
1. In the Bible, what is reason for the plagues?
2. According to Exodus
3. In the scientific article, what is the reason for the plagues?
4. Which of the scientific article’s reasons for a plague seems
most believable?
5. Which of the scientific article’s reasons for a plague seems
the most unbelievable?
6. Can we reconcile (mendamaikan) these two perspectives?
If we can, how?
Egyptian make-up
http://news.nation
algeographic.com
/news/2010/01/100
114-cleopatra-eyemakeup-ancientegyptians/
Pyramids
Map of Egypt and the pyramids
Pyramids vs. Ziggarot (function, shape, years built)
Modern-Day Egypt: International Sailing
Suez Canal
Painting of the Suez Canal by Albert Reiger
Suez Canal
 Opened on November 17, 1869, the Suez Canal
 Connected the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
 Took more than 15 years to plan and build
 Its construction was repeatedly hindered by political disputes, labor shortages
and even a deadly cholera outbreak.
 162 kilometers
 Permanently transformed international shipping
 The Egyptian Pharaoh Senusret III may have built an early canal connecting
the Red Sea and the Nile River around 1850 B.C., and according to ancient
sources, the Pharaoh Necho II and the Persian conqueror Darius both began
and then abandoned work on a similar project. The canal was supposedly
finished in the 3rd century B.C. during the Ptolemaic Dynasty, and many
historical figures including Cleopatra may have traveled on it. Rather than the
direct link offered by the modern Suez Canal, this ancient “Canal of the
Pharaohs” would have wound its way the through the desert to the Nile River,
which was then used to access the Mediterranean.
It’s about to get a major overhaul.
The Suez Canal has enjoyed increased traffic in recent years, with roughly 50
ships passing through its waters every day. Shipping tolls allow Egypt to rake in
around $5 billion annually, but the canal is still hampered by its narrow width
and shallow depth, which are insufficient to accommodate two-way traffic
from modern tanker ships. In August 2014, Egypt’s Suez Canal Authority
announced an ambitious plan to deepen the canal and create a new 22-mile
lane branching off the main channel. Preliminary work has already begun on
the $8.5 billion project, which Egyptian authorities claim could more than
double the canal’s annual revenue by 2023.