Download Crusades - Phoenix Union High School District

The Crusades
 Preview: Describe Western
Europe during the Middle Ages:
–Trade?
Too dangerous to trade
Peasants & serfs farmed
–Food?
on the manor
–Leadership? Weak kings & strong
feudal lords
–Language? Different languages
–Religion?
Different at 1st but they
became Christian
What was Europe like in
the Early Middle Ages?
What were the
Crusades &
How did the Crusades
Change Europe?
Middle Ages
Crusades—Christians
vs. Muslims for Control
of Holy Lands
Crusades Map
Crusades
 In
1095, Muslim Turks invaded
lands held by Christians of the
Byzantine Empire: Jerusalem &
all of Asia Minor
 Pope Urban II asked all Christians
to join a Crusade (military
expedition) & fight the Muslims to
take back these holy lands
The Christian Crusades
Motivations for the Crusades
 Pope’s
Goals—wanted to unite
Roman Catholic (western Europe) &
Eastern Orthodox (Byzantine Empire);
show the supremacy of the Pope; &
regain holy lands from Muslims
 Crusaders’ Goals—pope offered
forgiveness for sins & access to
Heaven; gain riches; support Church
 Merchants’ Goals—gain control of
trade routes & dominate trade
Motivations for Crusades
 Crusades
became a religious,
economic, & political conflict
–Religious—defeat Muslims &
retake holy lands, spread
Christianity
–Economic—gain trade routes
–Political—unite Roman Catholic
& Eastern Orthodox Christianity,
prove Pope’s power
CHRISTIANS
MUSLIMS
History Channel’s “The Dark Ages”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=z-niTeTY7pw
Begin video @ 5:00
 Answer video questions on notes.

Fighting the Crusades
 Between
50,000-60,000 knights
became Crusaders to defeat Muslims;
came from present-day France, Italy,
Germany, England, Scotland, Spain
 First Crusade—was only successful
Crusade; claimed 400 miles of land
from Edessa to Jerusalem in 1099;
created 4 feudal states (Edessa, Acre,
Triploi, Jerusalem), each ruled by a
French noble
Path of the Crusades
Fighting the Crusades
 After
the First Crusade, Muslims
took back Jerusalem & Edessa,
which led to more Crusades that
the Muslims won
 Fourth Crusade—crusaders never
fought Muslims but fought
Byzantines; looted & burned
Constantinople; these actions
forever divided Roman Catholic &
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Effects of the Crusades
 Before
the Crusades:
–Everyone lived on a manor
–Everything that was needed
was made on the manor
–Nothing was purchased from
the outside except resources
like salt & iron through fairs
 So, now that the Crusaders have
seen new places, how is this
going to change Europe?
Effects of the Crusades
 Cultural
Diffusion—new products &
ideas spread to Europe:
–Foods—sugar, spices, herbs
–Luxury Goods—ivory, pearls, silk, linen,
cotton, glass mirrors
–Navigation—shipbuilding ideas,
accurate maps, astrolabe, compass
–Math—Arabic numbers, algebra
–Science—ideas in physics, astronomy;
telescope
Mapping Activity
Locate
on map:
Constantinople, Edessa,
Tripoli, Acre, Jerusalem,
Venice, Rome, Islamic Empire,
Byzantine Empire, Paris, Holy
Roman Empire, Trace the First
Crusade