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Global Regents Review
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Farming and domesticating animals
Nile River
Valley
Led to food surplus
Job specialization
Pop. increased
Advances in tech.
Sahara desert
(protection)
Mediterranean
Sea (trade/CD)
Polytheistic
(many gods)
Hierarchy!!
Rise of settled
communities
(villages, towns,
cities, etc.
Papyrus (paper)
Hieroglyphics
Pyramids
Fertile Crescent
Tigris &
Euphrates
River Valley
Middle East
(crossroads of
Civilizations)
Polytheistic,
except for the
Hebrews
(mono.)
Babylon
Assyrians
Phoenicians
Hittites
Cuneiform
Alphabet
Iron making
Irrigation
Calendar
The Gupta
Dynasty
(golden age)
Concept of zero!!
Indus &
Ganges
River Valleys
Started the
Himalayan and
Caste System
Hindu Kush
Mountain ranges (beginning of
Hinduism!)
Monsoons
Isolated due to
Confucianism
geo. (mountains, (a philosophy)
desert, ocean)
The Han
Dynasty
(golden age)
Yellow and
Yangzi River
Valley
Middle Kingdom
(ethnocentric)
Medicine (from
herbs/plants)
Surgeries
Filial Piety
SET OF WRITTEN LAWS
Paper
Gunpowder!
Math/Science
Calendar
Belief that dynasty in China
has power from gods to rule
(divine right)
Good things!
- Advancements
- Win wars
- Food surplus
Rises to power
(& cycle starts over)
People grow
angry & rebel/
overthrow the
dynasty
Setbacks happen
- Invasions
- Famine
- Corruption in gov.
Time passes
System of gov. with many departments (BIG GOV.)
A city-state
w/its own
govermnet
Education
Architecture
(columns/arches)
Birth of
democracy!
Geography!
- Mountainous
- Many islands
- Difficult to
form an empire
Olympic games
Religion (poly.)
Language/culture
Military
society
Strict order
Monarchy
Gov. where all citizens can vote on all decisions/laws
Greece
Egypt
Persia
massive cultural
diffusion
Socrates
Comedies
natural
state
Plato
Aristotle
Tragedies
Emperor
Patricians
Julius Caesar
Roman
12 Tables (written
laws)
Empire
Pax Romana
Plebeians
Augustus
Used columns/arches
Domes
Gov. – Republic
All roads lead to
Rome!
Aqueducts!!
Trade route
Han
Roman
Central
Africa
(poly)
Forces of nature
Japan (Shinto)
Started in
India
(poly)
(no formal
gods )
the belief that the
soul is reborn into
another body
after death
Parts of India,
Goal – to reach
China and
Nirvana
Japan
It is a way to
communicate w/the
gods
Rigid
Good karma/dharma
hierarchy
move you up the Caste that
System; Bad = down
determines
One’s status
He has reached
understanding of the
universe
-Meditation
-No Caste
System
China
(Philosophy)
(mono)
(mono)
(mono)
Started in
the Fertile
Crescent
(Hebrews)
Founded by
Jesus after
his death on
the cross
Middle East
by the
prophet
Mohammed
- Emperor/Subject
- Father/Son
-Husband/Wife
--Teacher/Student
- Older/Younger friends
Learn and lead by
Respect
example for an orderly for ones
society
elders
The belief in a single,
all-powerful God
A code of conduct for
Judaism
The belief in a single,
all-powerful God
Believed to be the
Messiah (son of God)
I – give alms to the poor
S – pray 5x a day facing Mecca
L – fasting during Ramadan
A – Allah is the only God
M – pilgrimage to Mecca
Diaspora:
Scattering
of Hebrews
across the
world
DO NOT
WRITE
ABOUT
X-TIANITY!
Koran
The founder of Islam
Mosque
Arabic
writing
Mansa Musa!! – African
Emperor who spread Islam
throughout N. Africa
More “western”
-Astrolabe (made navigation/travel easier)
-Arabic numerals
-Algebra
More “fundamental”
-Astronomy
-Medicine
Peace, prosperity, progress & TRADE
Charlemagne
Everything needed to
live was produced on
the manor
Controlled all
aspects of peoples’
lives
Code of
behavior for
Knights
Serfs were bound to the land
they lived on (little freedom)
For Christians to
reclaim the ‘holy land’
Tons of C.D. btw.
Europe and the Mid East
Power of R.C. church
Outlet for population
of Europeans
Increase the power
of the Pope
Peasants saw a
chance for adventure
Knights saw a chance
to gain riches/land
Hatred btw. Muslims
and Christians
New interest in exploring
the world
Trade btw. Europe and
the Mid East
Archipelago (island chain)
Extremely mountainous
Geo. Isolation from island status
Terrace farming from mountains
Spread of tech. and culture
Spread of religion (Buddhism)
Actual ruler
Way of the warrior
bc they sold the
Items others
produced
ISOLATED!!!!
Asia
Europe
the Middle East
Horseback warriors
Yuan
Marco
Pax
Polo
Mongolia
Introduced the idea
of autocracy (rule by
an all-powerful
leader
Isolated Russia from Europe
Zheng
Africa
India
He
Middle East
Europe
Europe
Asia
It was spread by fleas
on rats on trading ships
Mid East
1 in 3 people
throughout
Europe
died!
Prices increased
and people
stopped working
People began to
question the
power of the
R.C. Church
Witchcraft, magic,
crime
Growth of trade routes
across Europe
Increased use of money for
trade (rise of capitalism!)
An association of merchants
or craftsmen w/lots of power
Banks
Merchant/trading companies
Insurance companies
Importance of the individual
Art in human’s natural state
Machiavelli
Leonardo
da Vinci
Mona Lisa
Michelangelo
Statue of David
Raphael
don’t worry!
Realism
Johann
Books became more
available
R.C. Church is
“too worldly”
Clergy were becoming
more corrupt
New books made
people interested
in new ideas
Guttenberg
More people became
literate (able to read/write)
Sale of
INDULGENCES
People get exposed to new
ideas (“?” the R.C. Church)
MARTIN LUTHER!!!!
Luther’s 95 Thesis
Luther’s message spreads
bc of printing press!
Many people
Viewed Luther
as a hero and
left the R.C. Church
John Calvin
R.C. Church loses power
Many split from R.C. Church
& form new Christian religions
(Protestants/Lutherans)
Religious fighting btw.
Catholics & Protestants
R.C. Church excommunicated
Martin Luther
Bible became printed in vernacular
(common language)
People began to “?” the authority
of the R.C. Church
Basic laws that were the same
for all citizens (status did not matter)
Document that limited the King of England’s power
& gave more power to the people
The lawmaking body of England
(similar to Congress in USA)
Desert
Help – protection
Hurt – lack of fertile land (desertification)
and hinder C.D.
Savanna
Help – “best” farm land in Africa
Rain Forrest
Hurt – difficult to navigate, limit C.D.
GOLD
SALT
Spread Islam throughout
Northern Africa after
his pilgrimage to Mecca
Increased C.D. & trade
between Africa and the
Middle East
cultures
Arabic
The voyage of Zheng He led the Emperor to declare
that China was superior to all other cultures and
should isolate themselves
Gobi Desert to the north, Himalayan mountains to the west,
Pacific Ocean to the east
Istanbul
Islam
Central location for trade
Led to Turkish people
persecuting non-Turks
Increased the size of
the Ottoman Empire
& promoted nationalism
After WWI the Ottoman Empire
was disbanded (broken up)
Spain
Portugal
gold
Better navigation
(astrolabe)
Easier/faster to navigate the oceans
Improved weapons
(new guns/canons)
Easier to defeat enemies (Aztecs, Incas)
Improved armor
(steel)
Easier to defeat enemies (Aztecs, Incas)
First to sail from
Europe to India
(around the tip
of Africa)
“discovered
the ‘New World’”
First to circumnavigate
(circle) the world
Superior military technology
The Aztecs
Guns & Steel
The Incas
European diseases rapidly
wiped out Native communities
Hierarchy of colonies in the ‘new world’ settled by
the Spanish Conquistadors
Belief that Europeans are superior
to other cultures
European born people were of a higher status than non-Europeans
Millions of Africans
were forced from
their homes & it
marked the start
of racism in the
‘new world’
A cheap source of
Labor to work on
Plantations (sugar,
cotton, tobacco)
Triangle
Middle
Passage
Trade
Corn
Tobacco
Cotton
Tomatoes
Potatoes
Peppers
etc.
Cultural
Diffusion
Grain/wheat
Livestock
(pigs, cows, horses, etc.)
Diseases
(smallpox, influenza, etc.)
Economic system where raw materials are sent from colonies to a
Mother Country where they are turned into finished products for trade
Raw materials
Finished products
Pirates
Merchants
The right to rule was given
by God
Won wars & built Versailles
Put France deep into debt
Becoming more “European”
Monarch’s power
is limited by law
and the people
(Parliament in
England)
The monarch
must obey &
respect the
decisions of
Parliament
It inspired people to explore new ways of
learning/thinking
Discovered the heliocentric model (Sun is center of Solar System)
Improved the telescope and challenged R.C. Church teachings
about creation of the universe
Law of gravity, inspired Enlightenment thinkers to use REASON!
People questioned beliefs that they used to believe
were always true (challenged the R.C. Church’s
teachings)
Valued the use of reason and observation
Led to a questioning spirit that would challenge
the power of the R.C. church and monarchy
Life, Liberty, Land
judicial
checks
balances
Freedom
Religious
executive
legislative
corruption
of
speech
The
Social
government
Contract
People began to
question
the RC Church and the
power of monarchs!
Locke’s idea on Natural
Rights (if gov. doesn't
protect them =
OVERTHROW YOUR
GOV. & START A NEW
ONE!
Storming of the Bastille
3rd Estate
was unhappy
w/ lack of
Voting rights
France felt
King Louis
16th was
out of
touch w/
the people
Rising cost
of bread &
increased
taxes on
3rd Estate
Napoleon becomes
Emperor of France
Dec. of Rights of
Man is written
Reign of Terror
The Napoleonic Code stabilized France
after the Reign of Terror
nationalism
French and American
Helped free Haiti
from France
Helped free Latin America
from Spain
Maintain a Balance of
Power in Europe
Put “true” monarchs
back in charge
Re-draw the maps of
Europe after
Napoleon
Otto
Von Bismarck
Iron
Blood
Belief that Jews should have a homeland (Israel)
Unified Italy
using
Nationalism
Became the
government
of India after
England left
Became the
government
of Pakistan
after the
partition of
India
Promoted Turkish
Nationalism
Act of Genocide that targeted
Non-Turkish people
Many different ethnic/religious groups
often led to conflicts
food
England’s large coal
& iron supplies
England had large work
force to work in factories
England had a strong
economy w/capitalists to
invest in factory systems
Building where goods are manufactured
Production of large quantities in
an assembly line
Steam engine = railroads
and steam ships
Gov. stays out of business
affairs (supply&demand will
regulate the economy)
Really bad (see your binder)
The middle class grew and gained more
political power
Isolation of Japan from the
outside world
Open
Door
Meiji
Policy
Restoration
Led to Japan “opening its doors”
to trade with Western nations
$$$$
New Markets
Access to Raw Industrialization
Materials
England
Sepoy’s forced to perform duties
against their religion
Britain increased its control over India
No Africans were invited to the conference
British increased control over
Southern African colonies
The British
An area of China where a European nation
has exclusive trading rights
Inferior military technology to the British
Forced to adapt to European ways (Christianity) - NEGATIVE
Loss of many raw materials - NEGATIVE
Tension between Europeans & non-Euros
increased - NEGATIVE
Improved roads, bridges, railroads - POSITIVE
Introduced to modern technology - POSITIVE
Difficulties setting up governments after imperialism
ended - NEGATIVE
Gained access to raw materials for industrialization
Increased wealth through new markets, raw materials
Led to rivalries between European nations
Increased trade & cultural diffusion
Superior military technology
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Francis
Ferdinand,
the
Archduke of
AustriaHungary
was
assassinated
by terrorists
from Serbia
Nationalism
Germany
Austria-Hungary
The Ottoman Empire
France
England
Russia
The USA (joined later)
TANKS,
BATTLESHIPS and
MORE DEADLY
WEAPONS
(machine guns,
poison gas, flame
throwers) led to
INCREASED
causalities in
WWI
When the US entered the war it gave the Allied Powers extra troops needed to
win the war. Russia left bc they had a Communist Revolution in their country
Peasants were very poor
The Czar (King) of Russia
ordered his army to
shoot protesters, leading
to more people hating
him
WWI led to food and fuel
shortages in Russia
The Czar was an absolute
monarch
People were growing more
unhappy w/the czar
Vladimir Lenin
Communism
“Peace, Land &
Bread for all”
Bc that is what the
peasants wanted
It introduced elements of
Capitalism into the USSR
A gov. that controls all
parts of its peoples
lives (no freedom)
Economic system where
gov. makes all economic
decisions (no freedom)
Stalin’s plan to industrialize
the USSR & make it a world
superpower
Large farms operated by
the USSR
JOSEPH STALIN (totalitarian
leader of the USSR)
When Stalin sent millions of people to
labor camps in Siberia who he thought
opposed him and communism
He starved people who opposed working on
collective farms (Ukraine Famine)
B – Germany had to accept full BLAME for WWI
R – Germany had to pay huge REPARATIONS ($) for
losing WWI
A – Germany was forced to have basically no ARMY
T – Germany had to surrender lots of its
TERRITORIES (colonies)
Kemal
Ataturk
Shah Reza
Pahlavi
Organization of world nations that tried to prevent
future wars (US didn’t join = it failed)
Pan
Arabism
Mohandas
Gandhi
Civil Disobedience
Nationalists
Communists
It weakened many
economies and more people
began to be open to
radical/extreme new ideas
(communism, fascism)
Extreme nationalism
Censorship of the
press
Benito Mussolini
foreign
Aggressive military
Totalitarian
government
Uniforms
No individual rights
state
individual
Adolf Hitler
Jews
To restore German
greatness and make it
the strongest nation in
the world
Propaganda
The Meiji Restoration
M – modernize
E – improve the economy
I – industrialize
J – Japan
I - imperialize
Japan began to aggressively imperialize many
parts of South-East Asia
Manchuria (northern
China)
They greatly improved
their military
technology under
Mussolini
The Rhineland (btw.
France and Germany)
The Sudetenland (btw.
Germany and
Czechoslovakia)
Austria
Japanese soldiers raped
and tortured thousands of
Chinese civilians after they
conquered China
Poland (once Hitler
invaded Poland,
France & England
declared war on
Germany)
Giving into an
aggressor to avoid
conflict (war)
Germany
France
Japan
England
Lightning warfare used by the Nazis
Russia
Italy
It took other nations by
surprise
USA
Canada
N/A
The US dropped 2 atomic bombs
on Japan, forcing them to
surrender
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The deliberate killing of an entire
group of people based on their
ethnicity, religion, etc.
Nazis encouraged Germans to
destroy Jewish businesses and
synagogues (temples)
A camp Jews were sent to by
Nazis where they were forced
to work until being executed
(gas chambers)
The Japanese forced US soldiers to
march hundreds of miles without food
or water to a prison camp (thousands
died)
In eastern
Europe became
controlled by
the USSR
Over 40 million
people died due to
WWII / the Holocaust
Nuremburg War Crime Trial
punished Nazis for the
Holocaust
Western Europe was
completely
destroyed and
needed to be rebuilt
Created as a world
organization to
maintain world peace
and protect human
rights
Divided in East and
West Germany
“Economic miracle”
after United States
helped them rebuild
their nation
- East became
communist
- 3rd largest economy
in the world today!
- West became
democratic
The United States
The Soviet Union (USSR)
COLD
WAR
Plan to provide
food/supplies to
people of Western
Berlin so they could
resist falling to
communist
Massive economic
aid package by the
United States to
help European
nations rebuild after
WWII
- Designed to help
nations resist falling
to communism
N.A.T.O. (democratic nations)
Warsaw
Pact (communist nations)
Joseph Stalin
Industry
Agriculture
Technology
Defense