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Name: __________________________________________ Date: _____________________ 6th Grade Science – Midterm Study Guide Period: ___________________ 1. Define species: a group of similar organisms that can mate and reproduce fertile offspring 2. Define community: all of the populations (different species) in the same area at the same time 3. What are the three types of adaptations? Structural, functional, behavioral 4. Behaviors help animals do what? Survive and/or reproduce 5. What is the purpose of mating dances? Attract a mate of the same species 6. What is the purpose of hibernation? Survive winter while food supply is sparce 7. What is the purpose of building a nest? A place to lay eggs and keep them warm; protect young from predators 8. What type of nest is in the picture to the left? A cup nest 9. An eagle would build what type of nest? A platform nest 10. What are some examples of pollinators? Bees, birds, insects, bats 11. Define pollination: the process of transferring pollen from male part (anther) to female part (stigma) 12. What is the purpose of bright colored petals? To attract pollinators 13. Define abiotic factor and give an example : non living thing in ecosystem – water, air, soil 14. Define biotic factor and give an example: living or once living organism – leaves, animals, plants, decomposed organisms 15. Define niche: the way/role/job an organism interacts with its ecosystem to meet needs 16. Define habitat: the place an organism lives that provides food, water & shelter 17. Define competition: the struggle for resources when they become limited 18. Define predation: when a predator hunts/kills its prey 19. Explain the change in population size when predator population size INCREASES and DECREASES When predator population size increases – prey will decrease When predator population size decrease – prey will over populate 20. Define producer: an organism that creates its own energy from sunlight; first organism in food chain 21. Define decomposer: organism that breaks down dead organisms and recycles matter back into ecosystem 22. Define carnivore: eats other animals ( meat) 23. Define omnivore: eats both plants & animals 24. Define herbivore: eats only plants/producers 25. Define overpopulation and what does it lead to?: overpopulation when a species size begins to grow larger than the space/resources available – leads to damage to ecosystem, spread of disease, and competition 26. Define parasitism: parasite feeding on host – one organism benefits; other is harmed 27. Define mutualism: both organisms benefit 28. Define commensalism: one organism benefits; other is neither hurt or benefitting 29. What do the arrows in a food web show? The transfer (flow) of energy 30. What would happen when the predators are removed from a food web? Omnivores, herbivores, and smaller carnivores would begin to over populate – use up all resources and eventually cause their own extinction 31. What would happen if the herbivores and omnivores are removed from a food web? Top predators will go extinct due to lack of food, producers (plants) will overpopulate 32. What would happen in the producers were removed from a food web? No energy will be able to be transferred from the sun to animals!