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The Faces of the Civil War By: Olivia Popejoy Abraham Lincoln 1809-1865 Lincoln began his political career as a member of the Whigs. He served four terms in the Illinois legislature beginning in 1834 and was elected to Congress in 1847. In 1856 Lincoln left the Whigs for the Republicans. Lincoln was against slavery in the territories, but he was not opposed to it in the states where it already existed. In 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation stating that all slaves in the states rebelling against the US government should be freed. On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a sympathizer of the South. Jefferson Davis 1808-1889 Davis was a member of the Mississippi Senate but resigned when Mississippi seceded form the Union. Davis was elected as the provisional president for the Confederate States of America in February of 1861 and was elected to a full term in November of 1861. Davis was arrested and put in prison for the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. He was later let out due to the fact that he was innocent. He lived out his life rather quietly and died never becoming a US citizen again. Robert E. Lee 1807-1870 Lee was against slavery and was opposed to the secession of Virginia from the Union. He was also fond of both the army and the Union. Because he was unwilling to invade the seceding states he declined a position offered to him by President Lincoln. In 1862 Lee became the head of the Army of Northern Virginia, a position he held for the next three years. Lee had great battle victories at both the First and Second Bull Run battles, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville. He met defeat at Antietam and Gettysburg. Lee lived out his life as an educator at the Washington College in Virginia. He also died never regaining citizenship to the United States. Ulysses S. Grant 1822-1885 1861, Grant was appointed to the Illinois Volunteers as a Colonel. 1862, Grant was key in the victory at Fort Donelson. This capture was one of the most important victories for the Union. Because of his successes President Lincoln promoted Grant to the position of Major-General of the Illinois Volunters. Grant was able to take the advantages held by the Union Army, which included a superior amount of soldiers and guns, to create victories. Grant served two terms as President of the United States, in 1868 and 1872. He lived out his life in New York with his wife and died of throat cancer. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson 1824-1863 At the onset of the Civil War Jackson immediately sided with the Confederate Army and was praised for doing an outstanding job gathering and training the Virginia Volunteers. In 1862, Jackson’s tactics kept the Union Army from contributing to the Peninsular Campaign. Jackson and Lee also joined forces in 1863 at the Seven Day’s Battle for a victory. In 1863, Jackson was returning to his campsite after dark and was mistakenly shot by one of his fellow soldiers. His arm was amputated and recovery was in sight for Jackson when he caught pneumonia and died on May 10, 1863. Harriet Tubman 1820-1913 Tubman was a runaway slave from Maryland. She aided in the freedom of hundreds of fellow slaves by running the Underground Railroad. Working as a nurse, Tubman used folk remedies she picked up in Maryland. She brewed roots and herbs to create treatments for the dying soldiers. During the Civil war Tubman was a spy, a nurse, and a cook for the Union Army. She gained knowledge of the land from running the Underground Railroad which she used to spy on the Cofederate troops. She grouped together many former slaves who helped her hunt for rebel camps and observe confederate troop movement. Clara Barton 1821-1912 Barton’s Civil War experience began in 1861 in April. Barton established a company that would obtain and distribute supplies to the soldiers that had been wounded. In 1862, she received special permission to travel behind the lines at some of the most gruesome battlefields of the war. At these battles she aided both the Union and Confederate soldiers. In 1881 at the age of 60, Barton was able to convince the United States government that the American Red Cross was a necessity in the event that another war broke out or a natural disaster occurred. Fredrick Douglass 1818-1895 Douglass works closely with the efforts of the Underground Railroad by sheltering escaping slaves in his home. In 1863 Douglass becomes the recruiter for the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. It was the first regiment of AfricanAmerican soldiers. Two of his sons join the regiment and his son Fredrick Jr. eventually becomes recruiter as well. In August of 1863, Douglass holds a meeting with the president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, to discuss the unequal pay and the poor treatment of black soldiers. In 1895 Douglass dies of a heart attack while talking to his wife about a talk he had given that day. Rutherford B. Hayes 1822-1893 Hayes began the Civil War as a Major General of the 23rd Ohio Infantry. During the span of the war he was wounded four times and once quite seriously. Hayes was promoted to Colonel in 1862 and in 1864 he was again promoted to Brevet Brigadier General due to his successes on the battlefield. . In 1865, Hayes was elected to the House of Representatives while he was still on the battlefield. In 1877 Hayes was elected as the 19th president of the United States. Works Cited • "Robert E. Lee." U-S-History.com. 2002-2005. 27 Mar. 2005 <www.u-shistory.com>. • "Abraham Lincoln." U-S-History.com. 2002-2005. 27 Mar. 2005 <www.u-shistory.com>. • "Jefferson Davis." U-S-History.com. 2002-2005. 27 Mar. 2005 <www.u-shistory.com>. • ""Stonewall" Jackson." U-S-History.com. 2002-2005. 27 Mar. 2005 <www.u-shistory.com>. • "Rutherford B. Hayes." U-S-History.com. 2002-2005. 27 Mar. 2005 <www.u-shistory.com>. •"Clara Barton." AmericanCivilWar.com. 1997. 27 Mar. 2005 <www.americancivilwar.com>. •"Harriet Tubman." AmericanCivilWar.com. 1997. 27 Mar. 2005 <www.americancivilwar.com>. •"Fredick Douglass." AmericanCivilWar.com. 1997. 27 Mar. 2005 <www.americancivilwar.com>. Works Cited • "Fredick Douglass." AmericanCivilWar.com. 1997. 27 Mar. 2005 <www.americancivilwar.com>. •"American Flag." University of Oregon. 27 Mar. 2005 <http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~lmortins/civilwar/ >. •"Confederate Flag." University of Oregon. 27 Mar. 2005 <http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~lmortins/civilwar/ >. •"Cofederate States Map." Civil War. 27 Mar. 2005 <http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/Confederate_Constitution.htm >.