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Chemistry
Basics
Organic vs
Inorganic
Building
Organic
Molecules
Testing for
Organic
Molecules
Name that
Organic
Molecule
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1
The Atomic Number tells you the
number of
__________ and __________
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Protons & Electrons
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The Atomic Mass is equal to the
number of
___________ plus ___________
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Protons + Neutrons
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1. Name of this element?
2. How many protons?
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3. How many electrons?
4. How many neutrons?
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1. Name of this element?
LEAD
2. How many protons?
82
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3. How many electrons?
82
4. How many neutrons?
207 - 82 = 125
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How many
Protons?
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Neutrons?
Electrons?
What element is this?
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How many:
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Protons?
3
Neutrons?
2
Electrons?
3
What element is this?
Lithium - because the
Number of protons is 3
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Carbon has __________ electrons.
Carbon has __________ valence electrons.
Carbon can form ________ bonds with other
atoms.
Draw a carbon atom:
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Carbon has ____6____ electrons.
Carbon has ____4____ valence electrons.
Carbon can form ___4___ bonds with other atoms.
Draw a carbon atom:
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About Organic Compounds:
Always contain the element _______________.
___________ and ___________ atoms are
commonly included.
Their bonds are ____________.
Covalent or Ionic?
Built by non-metals being bonded to
______________.
Metals or non-metals?
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About Organic Compounds:
Always contain the element CARBON.
HYDROGEN and OXYGEN atoms are
commonly included.
Their bonds are COVALENT.
Built by non-metals being bonded to
NON-METALS.
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About Inorganic Molecules:
May sometimes contain carbon, but usually
contains ______________ atoms.
Metals or non-metals
Formed by ____________ bonds.
Covalent or Ionic?
Made when non-metals bond with
_____________.
Metals or non-metals
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About Inorganic Molecules:
May sometimes contain carbon, but usually
contains METAL atoms.
Formed by IONIC bonds.
Made when non-metals bond with METALS.
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Is this an organic or inorganic
molecule?
How do you know?
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Is this an organic or inorganic
molecule?
Inorganic
How do you know?
Sodium (Na) is a metal and is ionically
bonded to the other atoms.
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Is this an organic or inorganic
molecule?
How do you know?
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Is this an organic or inorganic molecule?
ORGANIC
How do you know?
CARBON IS PRIMARY ELEMENT
COVALENTLY BONDED TO OTHER
NON-METALS
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How many carbons, oxygens and hydrogens
are present in this molecule.
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6 Carbons
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6 Oxygens
12 Hydrogens
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What are the building blocks (the monomers) for
each organic molecule.
1. The monomer for Nucleic Acids:
2. The monomer for Proteins:
3. The monomer for Carbohydrates:
4. The monomer for Lipids:
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1. The monomer for Nucleic Acids:
NUCLEOTIDES
2. The monomer for Proteins: AMINO ACIDS
3. The monomer for Carbohydrates:
MONOSACCHARIDES
4. The monomer for Lipids: GLYCEROL + 3
FATTY ACID CHAINS
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This is a monomer for which organic
compound?
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This is a monosaccharide.
Six carbon ring + same
number of oxygens +
double the number of
hydrogens.
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This is a monomer for which
organic compound?
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This is the general structure of an
Amino Acid - the monomer for
Proteins. The amine group,
carboxyl group, and “R” group
indicate this.
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This is a monomer for which organic
compound?
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This is a Nucleotide (Phosphate Group +
Sugar Group + Nitrogen Base), the
monomer for Nucleic Acids.
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These are the monomers for which
organic compound?
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These are the monomers for
Lipids; a glycerol backbone +
3 fatty acid chains.
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To test for PROTEINS, you run a
_____________ Test. If a protein is present,
then the solution changes from blue to
____________. Which of the following
would test positive for proteins?
Egg Whites, Table Sugar, or Vegetable Oil
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To test for PROTEINS, you run a
BIURET’S Test. If a protein is present,
then the solution changes from blue to
VIOLET. Which of the following
would test positive for proteins?
Egg Whites contain high levels of protein.
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To test for MONOSACCHARIDES, you run a
_____________ Test. If a monosaccharide is
present,
then the solution changes from blue to
____________. Which of the following
would test positive for monosaccharides?
Egg Whites, Corn Syrup, or Vegetable Oil
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To test for MONOSACCHARIDES, you run a
Benedict’s Test. If a monosaccharide is present,
then the solution changes from blue to
Orange. Which of the following
would test positive for proteins?
Corn Syrup would test positive for
monosaccharides
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To test for POLYSACCHARIDES, you run a
_____________ Test. If a polysaccharide is
present,
then the solution changes from brown to
____________. Which of the following
would test positive for polysaccharides?
Egg Whites, Starch, or Vegetable Oil
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To test for POLYSACCHARIDES, you run a
IODINE Test. If a polysaccharide is present,
then the solution changes from brown to
DARK BLUE. Which of the following
would test positive for polysaccharides?
STARCH will test positive for polysaccharides.
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In a lipids test, when placed on paper, the lipid
will
absorb quickly and when held up to light, the
paper
will be __________________.
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TRANSLUCENT
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Iodine
Test
Benedict’s
Test
Biuret’s Test Conclusion: What type
of O. cmpd is this?
Sol’n
A
No
No
change change
Sol’n
B
-- Not
Brown to
No
Dark
change Applicable
Blue
Sol’n
C
No
No
change change
-- Not
Applicable
Sol’n
D
Blue to
No
change Orange
-- Not
Applicable
Blue to
Violet
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Iodine
Test
Benedict’s
Test
Biuret’s Test Conclusion: What type
of O. cmpd is this?
Sol’n
A
No
No
change change
Sol’n
B
Brown to
No
Dark
change
Blue
-- Not
Applicable
Polysaccharide
Present
Sol’n
C
No
No
change change
-- Not
Applicable
Disaccharide
Present
Sol’n
D
Blue to
No
change Orange
-- Not
Applicable
Monosaccharide
Present
Blue to Proteins Present
Violet
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Which organic compound are these?
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This is a picture of DNA
and RNA, so these are
NUCLEIC ACIDS.
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A) Which organic compound is this?
B) Is this SATURATED or UNSATURATED?
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A)This is a LIPID
B) Saturated, there are no double
bonded carbons.
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Which organic compound are these?
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CARBOHYDRATES
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Which organic compound is this?
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Each of those 3-letter codes is an
abbreviation for the 20 amino
acids that build proteins, so this is
a PROTEIN.
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Identify each as a MONOSACCHARIDE,
DISACCHARIDE, OR POLYSACCHARIDE.
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B
A
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C
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A) Polysaccharide
B) Monosaccharide
C) Disaccharide
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