Download Developmental Disorders

Developmental
Disabilities
BY: ASHLEY MOATS
Definition:
 A developmental disability is defined as:
A cognitive, emotional, or physical
impairment, especially one related to
abnormal sensory or motor development,
that appears in infancy or childhood and
involves a failure or delay in progressing
through the normal developmental stages of
childhood.
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Types of Disorders
•D O W N S Y N D R O M E
•E P I L E P S Y
•A U T I S M S P E C T R U M D I S O R D E R
•C E R E B R A L P A L S Y
•S P I N A B I F I D A
•M E N T A L R E T A R D A T I O N
•F E T A L A L C O H O L S Y N D R O M E
•B R A I N I N J U R Y
Down Syndrome is
a disorder caused
by an extra
chromosome
number 21, or
trisomy 21. This
abnormality on the
trisomy 21 causes :
Mental retardation,
facial
abnormalities, as
well as other bodily
malformations.
Down Syndrome
affects both the
physical and
intellectual
development of a
person.
Down Syndrome
Epilepsy is a disorder
where clusters of neurons
in the brain sometimes
signal abnormally. When
these neurons do not
generate properly, it causes
the individual to have
strange sensations,
emotions, and behavior, or
sometimes convulsions ,
muscle spasms and loss of
consciousness. During a
seizure, neurons may fire
as many as 500 times a
second, much faster than
normal. In some people,
this happens only
occasionally; for others, it
may happen up to
hundreds of times a day.
Epilepsy
Autism is a
developmental disorder
that is characterized by
impaired development
in communication,
social interaction, and
behavior. The causes of
Autism are unknown
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Cerebral palsy is an
abnormality of motor
function and postural
tone that is acquired
at an early age, even
before birth. The
causes of cerebral
palsy are not clear but
signs suggest that it
typically occurs in the
womb during
development of the
baby.
Cerebral Palsy
A birth defect in which
there is a bony defect in
the vertebral column so
that part of the spinal
cord, which is normally
protected within the
vertebral column, is
exposed. People with this
disability can suffer from
bladder and bowel
incontinence, cognitive
problems and limited
mobility. It is caused by
the failure of the neural
tube to close during
embryonic development.
The neural tube is the
embryonic structure that
gives rise to the brain
and spinal cord.
Spina Bifida
Mental retardation is
a term used when a
person has certain
limitations in mental
functioning and in
skills such as
communicating,
taking care of him or
herself, and social
skills. There are many
different causes of
mental retardation
including most of the
other developmental
disorders.
Mental Retardation
Signs of Mental Retardation
•sit up, crawl, or walk later than other children
•learn to talk later, or have trouble speaking
•find it hard to remember things
•not understand how to pay for things
•have trouble understanding social rules
•have trouble seeing the consequences of their actions
•have trouble solving problems
•have trouble thinking logically
Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome is the sum
total of the damage
done to the child
before birth as a
result of the mother
drinking alcohol
during pregnancy.
Fetal alcohol
syndrome always
involves brain
damage, impaired
growth, and head and
face abnormalities.
No amount of alcohol
has been proven safe
during pregnancy.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Common Abnormalities in Children with
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Brain injuries occur
when physical trauma
causes brain damage.
It can be mild,
moderate, or severe,
depending on the
extent of the damage
to the brain. Brain
injuries can cause a
multitude of physical,
cognitive, emotional,
and social effects.
Some will make a full
recovery, some with
be permanently
disabled while others
will die from brain
injury.
Brain Injury
With moderate or severe Brain Injuries, the
patient may show these same symptoms, but
may also have:
•loss of consciousness
•personality change
•a severe, persistent, or worsening headache
•repeated vomiting or nausea
•seizures
•inability to awaken
•dilation of one or both pupils
•slurred speech
•weakness or numbness in the extremities
•loss of coordination
•increased confusion, restlessness, or
agitation
•abnormal posturing
•vomiting and neurological deficit (e.g.
weakness in a limb) together are important
indicators of prognosis and their presence
may warrant early CT scanning and
neurosurgical intervention.
Conclusion
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES ARE NOT
LIMITED TO THE ONES LISTED BEFORE,
THESE ARE SIMPLY THE MOST COMMON.
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES MAY
APPEAR TO BE AWKWARD OR OFF -PUTTING
TO PEOPLE AROUND, BUT THEY ARE HUMAN
BEINGS WHO NEED LOVE AND CARE JUST
LIKE EVERYONE ELSE.
Credits:
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