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Transcript
Unit XIII: Treatment of Abnormal Behavior By identifying causes & symptomshope to treat disorders (successfully) Some disorders are treated more effectively than others Starts w/ex of Kay Jamisenclinical psych & expert on bipolar and diagnosed with disorder Text gives examples of her symptoms Mod 70: Introduction to Therapy and Psychodynamic & Humanistic Pineal & Dix (U.S.) reformers for more human treatment of those w/disorders (esp institutionalized) Since 1950’s with the introduction of drug therapy & treatment w/in the community seeing the # of patients institutionalized plummeting 70.1 Introduction to Therapy Two main approaches 1. Psychotherapy: working w/a therapist to treat psychological discomfort/disorder and to “achieve growth” Many different types of psychotherapy Talk therapy can be both individual & group format [Insurance only pays for a certain amount of treatment each year] 2. Biomedical: use of medication or medical procedure (ECTelectroconvulsive therapy, surgery lobotomy) that works in some way shape or form on our anatomy/brain/neurotransmitters/brain waves etc 3. Eclectic: is actually a combination of these two approaches 70.2 Psychoanalysist & Psychodynamic Therapy Freud introduced psychoanalysis: use of dream therapy, hypnosis, free association to uncover repressed thoughts & counteract them Goals To become a healthier/positive person by uncovering all the repress issues from childhood Make “patient” aware of these repressed conflicts insight Techniques Again, emphasizing childhood & uncover repressed conflicts, esp using free association (saying anything that comes to mind w/out blocking or editing thoughts) Must overcome resistance: to threatening ideas esp those that makes a person anxious Therapist will interpret: these blocks OR dreams OR connections that see between ideas/sessions KEY ISSUE: transference: when the “patient” takes attitudes, feelings about parents or authority figures & project them onto the therapist [Positive: positive ways of interacting w/parents are used w/therapist Negative: unhealthy ways of interacting w/parents are used w/therapist (hostility)] Psychodynamic Therapy Def: focus more on current issues & life-functioning & symptoms; goal is to gain perspective Focus less on childhood and id/ego/super-ego than psychoanalysis Look for themes throughout life span In practice talk face to face with “client” [Freud sat behind “patient” so he/she not affected by his looks/writing etc] Amount of therapy is at least ½ of psychoanalysis [which is 3 to 4 times a week for up to 7 years or more] Text has an ex of discussion between psychodynamic therapist & client Goal to become aware of oneself Show history of past troubles and how they may affect one today Like in relationships history does NOT have to go back to childhood Interpersonal psychotherapy as little as 12 to 16 sessions Very effective in treating depression improve current life/relationships & maintaining relationships [Success w/depression by focusing on interpersonal components Focus on the following Interpersonal disputes/conflicts Role transition: transitioning from work to home to family/children to dating, etc Grief that extends beyond normal mourning period which has been extended in new DSM Issues w/starting & maintaining personal relationships] 70.3 Humanistic Therapies Goal To become a better, fully functioning person gain insight Def become aware of underlying issues—what is your ideal self? Goal is to meet that ideal self How do humanistic differ from psychodynamic? Goal is to grow in self-fulfillment—become more self-aware Client-centered People not viewed as being ill; do NOT use the word “patient” Goal is to take responsibility for own actions, thoughts, feelings etc Not repressed or shoved into unconscious Focus on consciousness Focus on the “here & now” Rogers client-centered therapy: use of active listening and being accepted/unconditional positive regard Also very nondirective meaning there will be no interpretation/directing like in psychoanalysis/psychodynamic therapy The client controls sessionstherapist does not guide/interpret Therapist is to show unconditional positive regard: being encouraging & accepting no matter what the client expresses Goal is to allow client to be authentic or “real” Active listening: therapist will actually reword & “echo” client’s statements for clarification of his/her ideas AND to let client know that he/she is being listened to Paraphrasing Invite clarification Reflect feelings of client