Download Vertical distance - mrs. heim facs classes

Communication
What is communication?
 Any means by which you
person.
How do we communicate?

with another
.
Communication involves a
and a
.
 Sender: transmits the message in a variety of ways
 Receiver:
the message
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
 Verbal:
to send a message
 Nonverbal: use factors other than words, such as
o Body language: use body to display
.
Example: slouched shoulders
o Eye contact: Shows you are
o Cultural differences:
o Appearance: first impressions and lasting images are
 Listening:
o Listening and sending messages are equally important.
o
listening: nod, smile, or make eye contact
that indicates you have
the message.
o
: communicating to the other person
how you
about what was said. The sender
knows you listened because you are responding.
o
listening: simply take in the words
and offers
of hearing or understanding
the message.
o Careless listeners:
o Narrow listeners: hear
what they
to
hear.
o Defensive listeners: read hostile meanings into what
is being said.

: the process of seeing things from
another person’s view
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Nonverbal communication has been defined as communication
.
It includes apparent behaviors such as:
 facial expressions
 gestures
 eyes
 touching
 dress
 posture
 Spatial distance between two or more people.
Humans use nonverbal communication because:
1. Words have
: There are numerous areas
where nonverbal communication is more effective than
verbal
2. Nonverbal signal are
: Nonverbal cues
primary express inner feelings (verbal messages deal
basically with outside world).
3. Nonverbal message are likely to be more
:
because nonverbal behaviors cannot be controlled as easily
as
words.
4. Nonverbal signals can express feelings
: Social etiquette limits what can be said, but
nonverbal cues can communicate thoughts.
5. A
communication channel is necessary to
help send
messages: A speaker can add
enormously to the complexity of the verbal message
through simple nonverbal signals.
Researches in communication suggest that
and intentions are sent and received
verbally. It is suggested that only
, with remaining
feelings
than
BODY MOVEMENTS, GESTURES AND POSTURES

by the hands, arms, legs, and
other parts of the body and face are the most pervasive
types of nonverbal messages and the most difficult to
control.
 It is estimated that there are over
capable of stimulating meaning in another person (some
social scientists state even 700,000). For example, there are
, each capable of
stimulating a different meaning.
FACIAL EXPRESSION
 The saying “A picture is worth a thousand words”
describes the meaning of facial expression. Facial
appearance - including
and eye color-offers enduring
cues that reveal information about age, sex, race, ethnic
origin, and status.
EYES
 The most
of the face, the
eyes, provide a
channel of
communication. They can be shifty and evasive; convey
hate, fear, and guilt; or express confidence, love, and
support.
DISTANCE
A study found that elementary school children seated in the front
row were attentive and were evaluated more positively by their
teachers than were students who sat in the middle and back
rows.
Horizontal distance
 Intimate distance - from actual
. This zone is reserved for those with whom
one is intimate. At this distance the physical presence of
another is
. Teachers who violate
students’ intimate space are likely to be perceived as
intruders.
 Personal distance from
.
This is the distance of interaction of good friends. This
would also seem to be most
distance for
teacher and student to discuss personal affairs such as
grades, conduct, private problems, etc.
 Social distance exists from
. It seems
to be an appropriate distance for casual friends and
acquaintances to interact.
 Public distance
feet a speaker
becomes formal. Classes of teachers who maintain this
distance between themselves and their students are
generally formal, and some students may feel that the
teacher is cold and distant.
Vertical distance
 The vertical distance between communicators is often
indicative of the
a sub
ordinance in the relationship. People are affected by
literally looking up at or looking down on another
person.
 Even a
tells much about an individual’s
character. The human skin has hundreds of thousands of
submicroscopic nerve endings, serving as tactual receptors
and detecting pressure, temperature, texture, pain, stroking,
tickling.
DRESS
 Although most people are only superficially aware of the
wear of others,
. Often
dictated by
, clothing indicates a
great amount of information about self.
 It identifies
, status, role,
group membership, personality or mood, physical climate,
and time in history.
In addition, attitudes most often associated with clothing relate
to
1)
A desire to conform
2)
A desire for self-expression
3)
A desire for aesthetic satisfaction
4)
Prestige values
5)
The desire for social participation
6)
Physical comfort, and
7)
Economy