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SKELETAL SYSTEM review Major Functions The skeletal system has several functions… Major Functions • Support • Protection • Muscle attachment • Provide shape • Blood cell production • Storage of calcium Generic Parts Can you name some bone parts we have talked about in class??? Generic Parts • Epiphysis • Diaphysis • Cartilage • Marrow • Osteocytes – Osteoblasts – Osteoclasts The long and short of it Long bones contain: compact bone spongy bone and marrow, which makes red and white blood cells cartilage • Connective tissue found in joints • Specialized cells called chondrocytes • Three types of cartilage – Elastic – Hyaline – Fibrocartilage • Does not contain blood vessels • Functions like a rubber cushion at ends of joints The skeleton is divided into two sections Two sections •Axial •Appendicular Bones of the pelvis, arms, legs, hands, feet, clavicles, scapulae The Axial skeleton Another name for the skull is… The skull consists of several bones that have fused together at joints called sutures. Frontal Parietal (2) Temporal (2) Occipital Ethmoid Sphenoid Another name for the skull is… The cranium Facial bones The eye sockets are also called orbits. The mandible is also called the jaw bone. Rib cage Provides protection to heart & lungs How many ribs are there??? The tip of the sternum is called the xiphoid. This part is cartilage. Rib cage • 12 pairs • All attached to the spine • 10 pairs attached to the sternum • 2 pairs of “floating ribs” Spine - Vertebrae •Cervical – 7 •Thoracic – 12 •Lumbar – 5 •Sacrum •Coccyx – 1-3 Appendicular skeleton In addition to the pelvis, arm, leg, hand, and foot bones, the clavicles and scapulae are included in this division Pelvis You will notice the sacrum and coccyx here also… Pelvis • Ilium – iliac crest • Ischium • Pubis – symphysis Arm •Humerus •Radius •Ulna •Carpals •Metacarpals •Phalanges Leg • Femur – head, neck, greater and lesser trochanter • Patella • Tibia – medial ankle “bone” • Fibula – lateral ankle “bone” • Tarsals – talus, calcaneus • Metatarsals • Phalanges Types of Fractures • Simple – break thru bone • Compound – bone end thru skin Types of Fractures • Greenstick – bent bone • Comminuted – splintered bone Types of Fractures • Impacted – bone pieces pressed together • Spiral – break caused by twist Types of Fractures • Depressed • Colles – fracture of the distal radius Joint Types • Synarthroses – immovable (such as cranial bones) • Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable (such as synthesis pubis) • Diathroses – freely moveable Diathroses Joints • Hinge – elbow, knee, fingers, toes • Pivot – axis, forearm • Saddle – thumb • Condyloid – wrist, ankle • Ball and Socket – shoulder, hip • Gliding - vertebrae Diseases/Disorders • Sprain – stretched or torn ligament or tendon • Arthritis – inflamed joint • Osteomyelitis – infected bone • Osteoporosis – loss of bone density • Bone cancer • Subluxation - dislocation The End