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Guided Notes: The Atom History of the Atom Democritus- Greek philosopher; 400 BC 1st to use word “atomos” (means_______________________________) Aristotle-refuted what Democritus said; all matter comes from “hyle” Early Alchemists-1200-1500’s; tried to turn material into _________; kept chemistry alive; recorded observations and experiments John Dalton-late 1700’s-early 1800’s Model of the Atom; Dalton’s Atomic Theory J.J. Thomson-1896; discovered electrons using a cathode ray tube; ______ of atom __________ model Goldstein- late 1800’s discovered _______ Millikan-oil drop experiment; found quantity of charge on an _________: carries exactly _____________ of charge, and mass is 1/1840 the mass of a proton Rutherford-1910; __________________ experiment; model of the atom- discovered nucleus and that the atom is mostly empty space James Chadwick-1932 discovered the __________ Dalton’s Atomic Theory 4 Models of the Atom 1. All elements are composed of tiny invisible particles called atoms 2. Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element. 3. Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine with one another in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds. 4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged. Atoms of one element, however, are never changed into atoms of another element as a result of chemical reaction. Dalton’s Atomic Model Rutherford’s Model 1. Nucleus 2. Empty Space JJ Thomson Plum Pudding Model Electron Cloud Model -Accepted Today