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River Valley Civilizations SOL Terms for Review Mesopotamia or Sumer (The Southern Part of Mesopotamia) *First Civilization in the world which means land between two rivers. Ziggurat •Pyramid shaped monument •Sumerian religious temple Cuneiform •Sumerian form of writing •“Wedge shaped” Hammurabi •Babylonian Emperor who came up with the first written law code in the world. Nile •The longest river in the world. This is where the Egyptian Civilization began. Hieroglyphics •Egyptian system of writing which used pictures for ideas and sounds. Indus River •First Indian Civilizations developed along this river. Gupta Empire •Golden age of India •Contributed –Mathematics –New textiles –literature Hinduism •Polytheistic Religion which started in India that incorporates the caste system. Sacred Text •For Hinduism, Vedas and Upanishads are what? Buddhism •Founded by Siddhartha Gautama •Basic beliefs include 4 Noble Truths and the 8 Fold Path Asoka •This Indian Emperor spread Buddhism from India to China and all parts of Asia China •Early people settled along the Huang He River •Developed into Dynasties which ruled the land Mandate of Heaven •Idea that the right to rule came from the gods Great Wall •China’s first Emperor, Shi Huandgi built this to protect his people Silk Roads •Facilitated trade between China and the Mediterranean Sea Contributions of China •Civil Service •Paper •Silk •Porcelain Confucianism •Chinese philosophy which includes –Respect for elders –Code of politeness –Emphasis on Education –Humans are good, not bad Taoism •Chinese philosophy which includes –Humility –Simple living and inner peace –Harmony with nature Yin and Yang •Represents opposites Phoenicians •Created the first alphabet Persians •Showed tolerance to conquered people and created the royal road system. Bureaucracy •Persians developed this as a way to carry out the day to day running of government Zoroastrianism •Religion of the Persians Which civilization began along the Nile River, had pyramids, and a pharaoh? • • • • A. B. C. D. Egypt Mesopotamia China India Which civilization began along the Nile River, had pyramids, and a pharaoh? • • • • A. B. C. D. Egypt = Correct Answer!!!! Mesopotamia China India Which civilization did Confucianism and Taoism begin in? • • • • A. B. C. D. Egypt Persia China India Which civilization did Confucianism and Taoism begin in? • • • • A. B. C. D. Egypt Persia China = Correct Answer!!!! India