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Test Format • 34 Multiple Choice • Matching Sections – Memory Check Heart – Blood Disorder Definitions – Heart Disorder Definitions • Essay Questions (1 about circulation, 3 blood typing) • The blood returns from the body and enters right atrium using the vena cava. It passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. From this camber, it passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve and travels to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. From the lungs, the blood uses the pulmonary vein to return to the left atrium, where it passes the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle. It finally leaves the heart after passing through the aortic semilunar valve to the aorta to the body. (enters right atrium from body --> right ventricle --> lungs --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> body) 1 G 10 a m 19 e 28 37 B 46 o 55 a 64 r 73 d 82 2 11 20 29 38 47 56 65 74 83 3 12 21 30 39 48 57 66 75 84 4 13 22 31 40 49 58 67 76 85 5 14 23 32 41 50 59 68 77 86 6 15 24 33 42 51 60 69 78 87 7 16 25 34 43 52 61 70 79 88 8 17 26 35 44 53 62 71 80 89 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 1 • This part of the blood helps the blood to fight diseases. Answer: leukocytes 2 • This is referred to a job that involves the collection and processing of blood supplies. Answer: phlebotomy 3 • This is also known as good cholesterol. Answer: HDL-C 4 • This wave of an ECG is the result of ventricular depolarization. Answer: QRS complex 5 • This is a genetic disease that makes the red blood cells sharp and makes the veins clot, cuts circulation off during exercise, and can cause the yellowing of the skin. Answer: Sickle Cell Anemia 6 • This is the term used to describe the rupturing of red blood cells, usually as a result of antibodies destroying the cells. Answer: Hemolysis 7 • This is a wave of pressure which forces blood through the arteries which can be felt at certain points of the body. Answer: pulse 8 • This genetic disorder keeps the platelets from clotting the way it should so the body keeps losing blood, which can lead to severe blood loss. Answer: Hemophilia 9 • What temperature should donated blood be stored? Answer: 4 °C or 39.2 °F 10 Which of the following is true about blood circulation in a fetus? a. blood travels from the right atrium to the left atrium b. the blood leaves the fetus using the umbilical vein c. the liver of the fetus helps to purify the blood d. the lungs of the fetus help replenish oxygen in the blood Answer: a 11 • weak spots that dilate in the body which have the potential of rupturing Answer: Aneurysms 12 • How many days can donated blood be stored before it has to be used or thrown away. Answer: 35 13 • This is a thin, glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers. Answer: endocardium 14 • What type of blood antibodies would people with Type A have in their blood stream? Answer: Type B antibodies 15 • occurs when part of the heart muscle dies due to low oxygen levels Answer: Acute Myocardial Infarction 16 • Location 10 Answer: Aorta 17 • occurs when part of the heart is starved of oxygen which results in damaged cells that cannot work properly and stop. Answer: Heart Attack 18 • This is when there is a lack of adequate blood supply to the heart. Answer: Ischemia 19 • This is used by a fetus for all nutrient, excretory, and gas exchanges. Answer: the placenta 20 • This chamber is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs. Answer: right ventricle 21 • This is a recording that traces the flow of current through the heart. Answer: electrocardiogram (ECG) 22 • When measuring a patient’s blood pressure, this is part of a blood pressure instrument that has a tube that contains either air or mercury. Answer: sphygmomanometer 23 • What type of blood could the children of a Type O- mother and a AB- father have? Answer: Type A- or B- 24 • Although the cause is not specifically known, it is cancer of the bone marrow. As it affects the bone marrow and white blood cells, it makes the body incapable of fighting diseases. Answer: Leukemia 25 • What chamber does blood enter when it enters the heart after returning from the body? Answer: right atrium 26 • Location 7 Answer: Right ventricle 27 • This is another name for red blood cells. Answer: erythrocytes 28 • This part of the blood helps the blood to clot. Answer: platelets 29 • This disorder causes the body to produce too many red blood cells, which causes an increase in blood pressure. This can result in heart attacks, brain hemorrhages, blood clots, or even gout. Answer: Polycythemia 30 • This chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs. Answer: left atrium 31 • Location 13 Answer: Left Pulmonary Veins 32 • This valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle. Answer: bicuspid valve 33 • This is a blood clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel. It can result in the stoppage of blood flow to a major artery, which can cause many problems within the body. Answer: Thrombus 34 • This is used to close the true capillaries and stop material exchanges. Answer: precapillary sphincter 35 • This is a generic term for a disease that decreases the oxygen carrying ability of the blood. Answer: Anemia 36 • This is considered to be the normal blood pressure reading Answer: 120/80 37 • This type of exchange of nutrients in the capillary beds refers to the passage of lipid insoluble substances enter or leaving the blood via tiny capsules Answer: vesicle transportation 38 • This is a deficiency in circulating platelets due to a vitamin K deficiency. As a result, the liver is unable to synthesize its usual supply of clotting factor and abnormal and often severe bleeding episodes occur. Answer: Thrombocytopenia 39 • This is the layer of a blood vessel that lines the inside of the vessel and forms a slick and smooth surface for blood movement Answer: tunica intima 40 Which of the following would cause hypertension? a. kidneys lowering blood volume b. neural factors causing vasoconstriction c. high temperatures d. histamine causing vasodilation Answer: b 41 • This refers to an abnormally fast heart beat (>100 beats per minute) Answer: tachycardia 42 • What is the biggest concern if the wrong blood type is given to a patient? Answer: kidney failure 43 • What type of blood antibodies would people with Type O have in their blood stream? Answer: both A and B antibodies 44 • When measuring a patient’s blood pressure, this is placed in the ear and allows the examiner to hear a patient’s pulse. Answer: stethoscope 45 • Location 3 Answer: Right Atrium 46 • This disorder, which affects the red blood cells, is when there is a lack of a certain element in the blood. As a result, red blood cells cannot transport enough oxygen throughout the body. Answer: Iron Deficiency Anemia 47 • When measuring blood pressure, this is the top number given to a patient. Answer: systolic 48 • What vein drains the terminal part of the large intestine. Answer: inferior mesenteric vein 49 • This vein drains the spleen, pancreas, and the left side of the stomach. Answer: splenic vein 50 • Name one thing that is recommended to help prevent the changing of the walls of blood vessels? Answer: Changing your diet to eat less animal fat, avoid stress, eliminate smoking, exercise more 51 • What causes the “lub-dub” sound of the heart? Answer: The valves of the heart closing 52 • This refers to an abnormally slow heart beat (<60 beats per minute). Answer: bradycardia 53 • Location 9 Answer: Inferior Vena Cava 54 • This blood type is known as the universal recipient. Answer: AB+ 55 • Where does hematopoiesis occur? Answer: bones 56 • During a heart transplant, the heart is washed in a special fluid. Besides cleaning the heart, what else does it do to the heart? Answer: paralyzes it 57 • This valve prevents the blood from flowing back into the heart when it is going out into the body. Answer: aortic 58 • What vein drains the small intestine and the first part of the colon? Answer: superior mesenteric vein 59 • What type of blood antibodies would people with Type AB have in their blood stream? Answer: no A and B antibodies 60 • This is also known as bad cholesterol. Answer: LDL-C 61 • This type of exchange of nutrients in the capillary beds refers to the passage through an oval pore that is covered with a thin permeable membrane. Answer: fenestrated capillaries 62 • This is the bulky middle layer of a blood vessel. Answer: tunica media 63 • Where is the Circle of Willis found? Answer: the brain 64 • This blood type is known as the universal donor Answer: O- 65 • This is also known as the pacemaker of the heart. Answer: sinoatrial node 66 • Location 15 Answer: Bicuspid Valve 67 • These blood vessels tend to have valves to prevent backflow and muscles to aid in blood movement. Answer: veins 68 • This is a genetic marker that the body can use to recognize materials as either being part of the body or a foreign particle. Answer: antigen 69 • stiffing or hardening of arteries due to calcium deposits which results in arteries that aren’t as elastic Answer: Arteriosclerosis 70 • This wave of an ECG is the result of ventricular repolarization. Answer: T wave 71 • This part of the blood is composed of mostly water (~90%). Answer: plasma 72 • This part of the blood helps the blood to carry oxygen. Answer: erythrocytes 73 • This is used to separate blood into different layers based on density. Answer: centrifuge 74 • What is the part of the heart’s wall that causes the heart to contract? Answer: myocardium 75 • a condition of excessive fluid build up in the lungs or other organs because of inadequate pumping of the heart or a failure of the lungs to function properly. Answer: Congestive Heart Failure 76 • a malfunction of the heart’s electrical system that results in an irregular heart rate. Answer: arrhythmia 77 • This is a disease affecting red blood cells, where they are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their lifespan naturally ends faster than the Bone Marrow can cope with. Usually results in an enlarged spleen and fatigue. Answer: Hemolytic Anemia 78 • This valve prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle Answer: pulmonary semilunar valve 79 • build up of fatty deposits on the inner wall of arteries Answer: Atherosclerosis 80 • This is the name of the tip of the heart. Answer: apex 81 • This is a double sac of serous membrane that covers and protects the heart. Answer: pericardium 82 • This is when a blood clot breaks away from the vessel wall and floats freely in the bloodstream. Answer: Embolus 83 • Location 18 Answer: Interventricular septum 84 • This chamber of the heart pumps the blood to the body. Answer: left ventricle 85 • What type of blood could the children of a Type A+ mother and a A- father have? Answer: Type A+, A-, O+, O- 86 • occurs when the arteries that supply the heart are narrowed or blocked reducing the oxygen levels to part of the heart. Answer: Coronary Artery Disease 87 • These are caused when venous valves weaken causing purple, snake-like lines to be visible. Answer: varicose veins 88 • Which of the following about the development of the fetal heart during pregnancy is incorrect? • a. The heart starts out as two tubes. • b. After the 4th week, the heart pumping and beating. • c. From week 5-8, the heart matures and changes into a 4 chamber organ. • d. After about week 8, there are few changes to the heart except it getting bigger. Answer: A, starts off as a simple tube 89 • When measuring blood pressure, this is the bottom number given to a patient. Answer: diastolic 90 • Location 1 Answer: Superior Vena Cava