Download U1-T2.4-Earths Layers

Earth Systems 3209
Unit: 1
Introduction to Earth Science –
The Evolution of Planet Earth
Reference:
Chapters 1, 17 and Appendix A & B
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Unit 1:
Topic 2.4
Earth’s Interior
Focus on . . .
 recognizing that Earth (Geosphere) has a layered Interior.
 identifying the characteristics of each layer.
 drawing a diagram representing Earth's interior.
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Earth’s Interior
 The model of Earth’s interior is
based on indirect evidence.
 The diagram to the left outlines
four main layers inside of Earth.
Text Reference:
pages 19-23 & 475-477
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Layers of Earth’s Interior
Lithosphere
Lithosphere
 cool, rigid layer directly above the asthenosphere
 approximately 100 km thick, which includes the
entire crust and a portion of the uppermost mantle
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Layers of Earth’s Interior
Crust
Crust (two types)
1) Continental Crust
– 30 to 40 km thick and has low density
2) Oceanic Crust
– approximately 5 km thick and has high density
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Layers of Earth’s Interior
MOHO
Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho)
 boundary separating the crust and the mantle
 distinguished by an increase in rock density
 velocity of seismic waves show an increase
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Layers of Earth’s Interior
Asthenosphere
Asthenosphere (Upper Mantle)
 hot, weak zone of rock that is capable of gradual movement.
This is the layer that the crustal plates rest upon
 located from approximately 100 km to 700 km in depth
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Layers of Earth’s Interior
Lower
Mantle
Lower Mantle
 consist of high density rocks rich in compounds
of iron, magnesium, and silicon
 this layer is approximately 2200 km thick
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Layers of Earth’s Interior
Outer
Core
Outer Core
 consist of liquid iron and nickel
 approximately 2270 km thick
 seismic waves (S-waves) do not pass through this layer
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Layers of Earth’s Interior
Inner
Core
Inner Core
 consist of solid iron and nickel
 approximately 1216 km thick
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Temperature and Density Increases with Depth
 Temperature inside Earth
increases at a rate of approx.
35 degrees Celsius per
kilometer.
 This is referred to as the
Geothermal Gradient.
 Density inside Earth also
increases as depth inside of
Earth increases.
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Example 1:
Which layer of Earth’s structure is represented by “X”
(A) asthenosphere
(B) inner core
X
(C) lithosphere
(D) Outer core
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Example 2:
Which best describes continental crust?
(A) 7 kilometres thick; higher density than ocean crust
(B) 7 kilometres thick; lower density than ocean crust
(C) 35-40 kilometres thick; higher density than ocean crust
(D) 35-40 kilometres thick; lower density than ocean crust
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Example 3:
Which is the correct sequence of Earth’s layers from
the surface to the center?
Surface
Center
(A) crust - inner core - outer core – mantle
(B) crust - mantle - outer core - inner core
(C) mantle - crust - inner core - outer core
(D) mantle - outer core - inner core - crust
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Your Turn . . .
Take the time and complete the following questions . . .
(Solutions to follow)
Questions:
Draw a well labeled diagram outlining
the layers of Earth.
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Solutions . . .
Labelled Diagram of Earth’s Layers:
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Your Turn . . .
Take the time and complete the following questions . . .
(Solutions to follow)
Questions:
Reference the next slide and answer the
questions on the bottom of the slide.
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Your Turn . . .
Density
Relative
Temperature
Q. 1 Label each of the layers in the diagram above.
Q. 2 Fill in the relative temperature as “HIGH” or “LOW”.
Q. 3 Fill in the density as “HIGH” or “LOW”.
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Solutions . . .
Questions:
Density
LOW
Lithosphere (Crust) 2.8
Asthenosphere
Lower Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
Relative
Temperature
LOW
4.5
4.5
9-10
13
HIGH
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HIGH
Fill in the following Chart at Home!!
Inner
Core
Outer
Core
Lower
Mantle
Asthenosphere
Materials
(Composition)
State (s/l/g)
Density
Relative
Temperature
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Crust
Summary . . .
Overview of Points covered:
 Earth’s layers include:
Crust (Continental & Oceanic), Upper Mantle (Asthenosphere),
Lower Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
 Temperature and Density both increase with depth inside of
Earth
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