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242 CAQs from Marieb & Hoehn, 10th Edition CHAPTER 16: Pages 633-634 Question 2: Mary Morgan has just been brought into the emergency room of City General Hospital. She is perspiring profusely and is breathing rapidly and irregularly. Her breath smells like acetone (sweet and fruity), and her blood glucose tests out at 650 mg/100 mL of blood. She is in acidosis. Which hormone drug should be administered, and why? Question 5: Roger Proulx has severe arthritis and has been taking prednisone (a gluocorticoid) for two months. He isn’t feeling well, complains of repeated “colds,” and is extremely “puffy” (edematous) Explain the reason for these symptoms. Question 6: You’ve just attended a football game with your friend Kaylee, who is diabetic. While Kaylee drank only one beer during the game, she is having trouble walking straight, her speech is slurred, and she is not making sense. What does it mean when wed say Kaylee is diabetic? What is the most likely explanation for Kaylee’s current behavior? How could you help her? CHAPTER 17: Pages 661-662 Question 4: Mrs. Ryan, a middle-aged woman, appears at the clinic complaining of multiple small hemorrhagic spots in her skin and severe nosebleeds. While taking her history, the nurse notes that Mrs. Ryan works as a rubber glue applicator at a local factory. Rubber glue contains benzene, which is known to be toxic to red marrow. Using your knowledge of physiology, explain the connection between the bleeding problems and benzene. Question 5: A reticulocyte count indicated that 5% of Tyler’s red blood cells were reticulocytes. His blood test also indicated he had polycythemia and a hematocrit of 65%. Explain the connection between these three facts. Question 8: Mr. Chu has been scheduled for surgery to have his arthritic hip replaced. His surgeon tells him he must switch from aspirin to acetaminophen for pain control before his surgery. Why? CHAPTER 18: Page 696-697 Question 3: Hannah, a newborn baby, needs surgery because she was born with an aorta that arises fro mthe right ventricle and a pulmonary trunk that issues from the left ventricle, a condition called transposition of the great vessels. What are the physiological consequences of this defect? Question 4: Gabriel, a heroin addict, feels tired, is weak and feverish, and has vague aches and pains. Terrified that he has AIDS, he goes to a doctor and is informed that he is suffereing not from AIDS, but from a heart murmur accompanied by endocarditis. What is the most likely way that Gabriel contracted endocarditis? (Hint: See Related Clinical Terms.) 20150924 CHAPTER 19: Page 756 Question 5: Edema is a common clinical problem. On your first day of a clinical rotation, you encounter four patients who have edema for different reasons. Your challenge is to explain the edema in terms of either an increase or a decrease in one of the four pressures that causes bulk flow (see Focus Figure 19.1 on pp. 724-725). (1) First you encounter Mrs. Taylor in the medical ward awaiting a liver transplant. What is the connection between liver failure and her edema? (2) Next in the obstetric ward, Mrs. So is experiencing premature labor and has edema in her legs. Which bulk flow pressures might be altered here? (3) In emergency, Mr. Herrer is in anaphylactic shock. His capillaries have become leaky, allowing plasma proteins that are normally kept inside the blood vessels to escape into the interstitial fluid. Which of the bulk flow pressures is altered in this case and in what direction is the change? (4) Finally, in oncology, Mrs. O’Leary is recovering from breast cancer surgery. Her right breast and all of her axillary lymph nodes were removed. Unfortunately, this severed most of the lymphatic vessels draining her right arm. You notice that this arm is quite edematous. Why? Mrs. O’Leary is given a compression sleeve to wear on this arm to help relieve the edema. Which of the bulk flow pressures will be altered by the compression sleeve? CHAPTER 20: Page 769 Question 1: Mrs. Jackson, a 59-year-old woman, has undergone a left radical mastectomy (removal of the left breast and left axillary lymph nodes and vessels). Her left arm is severely swollen and painful and she is unable to raise it to more than shoulder height. (a) Explain her signs and symptoms. (b) Can she expect to have relief from these symptoms in time? How so? Question 3: Once almost a rite of childhood, tonsillectomy (surgical removal of the tonsils)is ow rarely performed. Similarly, while ruptured spleens were once routinely removed, they are now conserved whenever possible. Why should these lymphoid organs be preserved when possible? CHAPTER 21: Page 805 Question 1: Isabella, a 6-year old child who has been raised in a germ-free environment from birth, is a victim of one of the most severe examples of an abnormal immune system. Isabella also suffers from cancer caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Relative to this case: (a) What is the usual fate of children with Isabella’s condition and similar circumstances if no treatment is attempted? (b) Why is Isabella’s brother chosen asw the hematopoietic stem cell donor? (c) Why is her physician planning to use umbilical cord blood as a source of stem cells for transplant if her brother’s stem cells fail (what are the hoped-for results)? (d) Attempt to explain Isabella’s cancer. (e) What similarities and dissimilarities exist between Isabella’s illness and AIDS? 20150924 CHAPTER 22: Page 854 Question 1: Daniel, the swimmer with the fastest time on the Springfield College swim team, routinely hyperventilates before a meet, as he says, “to sock some more oxygen into my lungs so I can swim longer without having to breathe.” First of all, what basic fact about oxygen loading has Daniel forgotten (a lapse leading to false thinking)? Second, how is Daniel jeopardizing not only his time but his life? Question 2: A member of the “Blues” gang was rushed into an emergency room after receiving a knife wound in the left side of his thorax. The diagnosis was pneumothorax and a collapsed lung. Explain exactly (a) why the lung collapsed, and (b) why only one lung (not both) collapsed. Question 4: After a week of scuba diving in the Bahamas, Mary Ann boards an airplane. During her flight home, she develops aching joints, nausea, and dyspnea, which resolves upon landing. During the flight, the cabin pressure was equivalent to an altitude of 8000 feet. Explain her problem. CHAPTER 23: Page 912 Question 2: After a heavy meal rich with fried foods, Debby Collins, an overweight 45-year-old woman, was rushed to the emergency room with severe spasmodic pains in her epigastric region that radiated to the right side of her rib cage. She indicated that the attack came on suddenly, and her abdomen was found to be tender to the touch and somewhat rigid. What do you think is theis patient’s problem and why is her pain discontinuous (colicky)? What are the treatment options and what might happen if the problem is not resolved? Question 4: Troy Francis, a middle-aged salesman, complains of a burning pain in the “pit of his stomach,” usually beginning about two hours after eating and abating after drinking a glass of milk. When asked to indicate the site, he points to his epigastric region. The GI tract is examined by X-ray fluoroscopy. A gastric ulcer is visualized, and drug therapy using a proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics is recommended. (a) Why is this treatment suggested? (b) What are the possible consequences of nontreatment? CHAPTER 24: Pages 959-960 Question 3: Frank Moro has been diagnosed as having severe atherosclerosis and high blood cholesterol levels. He is told that he is at risk for a stroke or a heart attack First, what foods would you suggest that he avoid like the plague? What activities would you recommend? Question 5: While attempting to sail solo from Los Angele4s to Tahiti, Seth encountered a storm that marooned him on an uninhabited island. He was able, using his ingenuity and a pocket knife, to obtain plenty of fish to eat, and roots were plentiful. However, the island was barren of fruits and soon his gums began to bleed and he started to develop several infections. Analyze his problem. 20150924 Question 6: Gregor, a large, beefy man came home from the doctor’s office and complained to his wife that his blood tests “were bad.” He told her that the doctor said he would have to give up some of his steaks and butter. He went on to mourn the fact that he would have to start eating more cottage cheese and olive oil instead. What kind of problem was revealed by his “bad” blood tests? What do you think of his choice of food substitutes and why? What would you suggest? CHAPTER 25: Page 996 Question 2: While repairing a frayed utility wire, Kevin, an experienced lineman, slips and falls to the gorund Medical examination reveals a fracture of his lower spine and transaction of the lumbar region of the spinal cord. How will Kevin’s micturition be controlled from this point on? Will he ever again feel the need to void? Will there be dribbling of urine between voiding? Explain the reasoning behind your responses. Question 5: Why does use of a spermidcide increase a woman’s risk for urinary tract infection? CHAPTER 26: No Questions CHAPTER 27: Pages 1072-1073 Question 2: Grant, a sexually active adolescent, appeared in the emergency room complaining of a penile (drip) and pain during urination. An account of his recent sexual behavior was requested and recorded. (a) What do you think Grant’s problem is? (b) What is the causative agent of this disorder? (c) How is the condition treated, and what may happen if it isn’t treated? Question 5: Erin had both her left ovary and her right uterine tube removed surgically at age 17 because of a cyst and a tumor in these organs. Now, at age 32, she remains healthy and is expecting her second child. How could Erin conceive a child with just one ovary and one uterine tube, widely separated on opposite sides of the pelvis like this? CHAPTER 28: Page 1105 Question 4: Claire is a heavy smoker and has ignored a friend’s advice to stop smoking during her pregnancy. On the basis of what you know about the effect of smoking on physiology, describe how Claire’s smoking might affect her fetus. Question 5: While Mark was cramming for his anatomy test, he read that some parts of the mesoderm become segmented. He suddenly realized that he could not remember what segmentation is. Define segmentation (in your own words), and give two examples of segmented structures in the embryo. Question 6: Assume a sperm has penetrated a polar body and their nuclei fuse. Why would it be unlikely for the resulting cell to develop into a healthy embryo? 20150924 20150924