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Materials and Design in Healthcare Furniture Geoff Hollington 09.11.09 > Product innovation and design > Materials and process innovation with BGH > Materials KTN — open innovation > Space IGT > Design2.0 <www.designtwopointzero.com> > Consulting > Design Bugs Out Porter's Chair Minima Vernacare Patient Chair PearsonLloyd Kirton Healthcare > Design Bugs Out winning designs Bedside Cabinet Kinneir Dufort Bristol Maid Commode PearsonLloyd Kirton Healthcare Bedside System Hollington Herman Miller MEDS POD TOP TRAYS PERSONAL POD TUB CART ABS MOULDED MELAMINE POWDER COAT PP COPOLYMER GLASS-FILLED PP Materials and Design Tools: Goals: > Materials and processes > Functional surface properties > Surface finishes > Effective cleaning > Shape > Wear resistance > Communication > Reassuring appearance > Materials and Design Surface properties > Surface properties Hydrophobic = good? > Surface properties Surfaces that shed water easily will not allow bacteria to stick? Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [Gram stain test — HC Gram 1882] The bacterial cell wall a | The Gram-positive cell wall is composed of a thick, multilayered peptidoglycan sheath outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Teichoic acids are linked to and embedded in the peptidoglycan, and lipoteichoic acids extend into the cytoplasmic membrane. b | The Gram-negative cell wall is composed of an outer membrane linked by lipoproteins to thin, mainly single-layered peptidoglycan. The peptidoglycan is located within the periplasmic space that is created between the outer and inner membranes. The outer membrane includes porins, which allow the passage of small hydrophilic molecules across the membrane, and lipopolysaccharide molecules that extend into extracellular space. > Surface properties Bacteria adhere to hydrophobic surfaces Bacteria slide off hydrophobic surfaces Antimicrobial agents? > Surface properties Kill bacteria automatically when they attach to a surface soil [aka inhabiting bacteria attached crud] directly soil material to surfaces Anti-microbial agents embedded in substrates or in coatings can only attack bacteria they can touch > Surface properties bacteria inhabiting soil material Anti-microbial agents embedded in substrates or in coatings can only attack bacteria they can touch > Surface properties Cleaning > Cleaning — Technology and Psychology Microfibre systems > Cleaning Can be more effective that tradititional wet systems polyester — lyophilic [affinity to oil] polyamide [nylon] — lyophilic and hydrophilic [affinity to water] < 1.5—2.0 microns > Cleaning > Microfibre filament Surface texture > Cleaning Even very fine textures interfere with cleaning effectiveness Surface textures are common in many product categories, employed for durability, manufacturing consistency and aesthetics Surface textures > Cleaning Smooth surfaces are problematic in manufacturing and robustness in use, but are essential in many healthcare applications Surface textures > Cleaning > < Ra [Roughness average] Surface roughness average [Ra} must be 0.1microns or less, ie a smooth, glossy appearnce Cleaning behaviour > Cleaning Can a design encourage effective cleaning behaviour? The grime boundary becomes the target edge for the next cleaning cycle — possibly > Cleaning Materials and Design in Healthcare Furniture Geoff Hollington 09.11.09 Wear resistance > Wear Scratches > Wear Scratching significantly diminishes the cleanability of a surface < 0.5 — 1.0 microns > Both coccus (spherical) and bacillus (rodshaped) bacteria can be trapped in microscopic surface scratches in materials such as stainless steel and plastics. When a surface is cleaned, trapped bacteria will be left behind, possibly along with the nutrients that support them. > Wear > Wear > Wear User behaviour > User behaviour Users will tend to look after their own interests > User behaviour thank you Geoff Hollington 09.11.09