Download Origin of Man

IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT
PEOPLES IN ASIA
Lesson 1.3 ( Races)
THINGS WE KNOW:
 Asia is the biggest continent
 China and India are the most populated countries
 Asia is rich of natural resources and HUMAN
RESOURCES
Home to different races
LETS IDENTIFY THE RACES
OF THESE PEOPLE
MONGOLOID
characterized by yellowish complexion, straight black hair,
slanting eyes, short nose, and scanty facial hair
NEGROID/CONGOID
characterized by brown-black skin, tightly-curled hair, a short nose,
and full lips.
CAUCASIAN/CAUCASOID
marked by fair to
dark skin, straight to tightly curled hair, and light to very
eyes,
dark
Questions to Ponder
WHERE DID MAN COME FROM?
H OW D I D T H E Y C O M E T O E X I S T I N T H E
WORLD?
BIOLOGICAL AND
CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF
MAN
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES
Differentiate different ideas of man’s origin
Why was Homo erectus so successful as an early
hominid?
Be able to briefly trace the cultural development of:
• tools, fire, clothing, shelter, art
What are the different cultural achievements of man
in every period?
ENDURING UNDERS TANDING
 Human beings have the natural ability to
always adapt to his/her environment.
 The theory of evolution states that the
human specie has descended from a
common ancestor.
Our STORY so far…
Origin of the
Universe and
the Solar
System
Origin of the
Earth
Origin of
MAN
Origin of
Early Life
Forms
HOW DID WE COME TO BE?
CONFLICTING IDEAS
 Biblical
 Mythical
 Scientific
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION
Origin Myths/Cosmologies
• Greek – Prometheus
• Genesis
Western examples
Left: Prometheus and Athena
Top: God and Adam
JUST FOR A LAUGH…
What’s the underlying message?
Theories of Evolution
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php
www.darwinday.org/englishL/life/beagle.html
www.darwinday.org/englishL/life/beagle.ht
Used by permission of Darwin Day
Celebration (at DarwinDay.org), 2006
I have called this principle, by which
each slight variation, if useful, is preserved,
by the term Natural Selection.
—Charles Darwin from "The Origin of
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Species"
NATURAL SELECTION
 “Natural selection is the gradual
process by which nature selects the
forms most fit to survive and
reproduce in a given environment.”
STAGES
Primates
Hominids
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens sapiens
EARLY PRIMATES
Prosimians (65mya)
Monkeys (35mya)
Apes (23mya)
Hominids (5mya)
EARLY PRIMATES - TRAITS
Common physical primate traits:
•
•
•
•
•
Dense hair or fur covering
Warm-blooded
Live young
Suckle
Infant dependence
Common social primate traits:
• Social life
• Play
• Observation and imitation
Common Primate Traits
PRE-HOMINID EVOLUTION
Ardipithecus ramidus
4.4 - ?
A. anamensis
4.2 - 3.9
A. afarensis
4.2 - 2.5
A. bahrelghazali
3.5 - 3.0
A. africanus
3.5 - 2.5
P. aethiopicus
2.7 - 2.3
A. garhi
2.5 - ?
P. boisei
2.3 - 1.3
P. robustus
2.0 - 1.0
mya
Reconstruction of Australopithecine
AUSTROLOPITHECUS
The first Hominids, they are
thought to have emerged in
East Africa in the Great
Rift Valley between 3-4
million years ago.

HOMO HABILIS
( “Man of Skills” )
HANDY MAN
 found in East Africa.
 created stone tools.
HOMO HABILIS
612 cc brain
2.3 - 1.6 mya
first toolmaker
prognathic face, brow ridge
probable meat-eater
possibly arboreal
discovered in 1960 by Leakeys
no speech
 HOMO ERECTUS
( “Upright Human Being” )

BIPEDALISM
1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
Fully upright walkers
Large brains and bones –
Smaller teeth

Larger and more varied
tools --> primitive technology
First hominid to migrate and Leave
Africa for Europe and sia.


First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )
Homo erectus
1891 - Eugene Dubois
discovers H. erectus in Java
Dubois calls it
Pithecanthropus erectus
initially, also dubbed “Java
Man”
finds in China called
Sinanthropus
dates from 1.9 mya to 27,000
years B.P.
994 cc brain size (compare to
612 for H. habilis)
Photograph of Nariokotome boy,
an early Homo erectus found
near Lake Turkana, Kenya.
HOMO ERECTUS
Why was H. erectus so successful?
• Less sexual dimorphism = possible pair bonds, marriage
• Less hair on body = wearing of furs, other clothing
• Wearing of furs = ability to live further north
• Quick adaptation to environment without physical
changes
• Culture is main reason H. erectus was so successful
• organization for hunting
• ability to protect against predators
• control of fire?
• possible campsites
• tools (Acheulean industry)
Distribution of H. erectus
 Homo
sapiens
( “Wise Human Being”
considered as MODERN MAN)
About 250,000 years ago Homo sapiens
emerged. Homo Sapiens means “Wise Person.”
This group split into two distinct groups:
Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens Sapiens
HOMO SAPIENS
( “Wise Human Being” )
NEANDERTHALS
( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Homo sapiens sapiens
or
CRO-MAGNONS
( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )
NEANDERTHALS
( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
• Neander Valley in Germany
(1856)
• Developed
–
–
–
–
More efficient tools
Made clothing of animal skin
Cooked food
Lived in caves and tents
• Believed in some form of
life after death
• First to believe in gods and
goddesses
• Buried their dead
Early Hut/Tent
Cro-Magnon Man or
Homo sapiens sapiens
Another group of early men stood
out during this period. Scientists
nicknamed this group
“Cro-Magnon man”.
Cro-Magnon man lived in
Europe.
- They made clothing
and jewelry. They
invented the bow and
arrow.
Cro-Magnon Man or
Homo sapiens sapiens
- Learned to cure and store food for the long winter.
- Used traps, which allowed them to catch food
- Fisherman used nets woven from vines and fishhooks.
- Some groups built rafts and canoes to catch bigger fish
Cave Paintings
Cro-Magnon man did something rather unusual. For
some reason, he drew paintings deep inside dark
caves, on cave walls.
His paintings were added to the
paintings already on the cave walls,
left by other Cro-Magnon men.
Homo Sapiens Neanderthals
Sapiens
• Theory of Evolution does NOT state that
we humans actually evolve from
monkeys/apes.
It only states that we come from a
common ancestor.
• That ancestor got extinct.
a.k.a. the missing link.
Here’s a diagram…
OUR COMMON ANCESTOR
a small group breaks away from a population and begins to evolve
independently of the source group
THE HUMAN SPECIE
A. Australopithecines
africanus, afarensis,
B. Hominids
habilis, erectus, sapiens
C. Neanderthals, Cro Magnon
PRESENT DAY APES/MONKEYS
• There is nothing in evolutionary theory
which states a source population must go
extinct in order for new species to
evolve.
• There is no conclusive evidence
to prove that man evolved from
apes.
WHAT DISTINGUISHES
US FROM THE APES?
Physical characteristics..
Large brain size
bipedalism
flexible hands
Small jaws
Evolutionary Sequence
from ape to human
RECENT DISCOVERIES
QUESTIONS?
Recent Discoveries....
A. as of 2003
• Flores Man, coded as LB1 (Liang Bua cave)
• Popularly known as the hobbits - short stature
and with large feet
• Found in Flores, Indonesia in 2003
• So far, 9 separate fossils of individuals have
been found.
Flores Man
H. sapiens
Liang Bua Cave
• H. floresiensis was
only about 1 meter
in height and fully
bipedal, with a very
small brain size of
417cc. The skull has
human-like teeth
with a receding
forehead and no
chin.
• Dwarf form of Homo
erectus
B. As of 2009
• Darwinius massillae
• Believed to be the missing link of the human
ancestry
Ida (Darwinius massillae)
C. as of Dec. 2010
• Fragments of the finger bone were recovered from
Denisova cave in the Altai mountain range that straddles
Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan.
Denisovans
sister group of the Neanderthals
• Known as the
• This "new twist" in human evolution adds
substantial new evidence that different types
of humans—so-called modern humans
and Neanderthals, modern humans and
Denisovans, and perhaps even Denisovans and
Neanderthals—mated and bore offspring.