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Ancient Egyptian
Art
Introduction
Early Dynastic Period
The Old Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom
The New Kingdom
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Ancient Egyptian
Art
(continued)
First Millennium BCE
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Ancient Egyptian Art > Introduction
Introduction
• Introduction to Ancient Egyptian Art
• The Nile River
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Ancient Egyptian Art > Early Dynastic Period
Early Dynastic Period
• Egyptian Pharaohs as God-Kings
• Art in the Early Dynastic Period
• Architecture of the Early Dynastic Period
• Painting of the Early Dynastic Period
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Ancient Egyptian Art > The Old Kingdom
The Old Kingdom
• The Pyramids of the Old Kingdom
• Sculpture of the Old Kingdom
• Tombs
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Ancient Egyptian Art > The Middle Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom
• Sculpture of the Middle Kingdom
• Tombs of the Middle Kingdom
• Stelae of the Middle Kingdom
• Architecture of the Middle Kingdom
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Ancient Egyptian Art > The New Kingdom
The New Kingdom
• Architecture of the New Kingdom
• Hatshepsut
• Tomb of Ramose
• Akhenaton and the Amarna Period
• Tutankhamun and Ramses II
• The Book of the Dead
• Sculpture of the New Kingdom
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Ancient Egyptian Art > First Millennium BCE
First Millennium BCE
• The Third Intermediate Period
• Art and Architecture in the Kingdom of Kush
• Late Egyptian Art
• Egyptian Art After Alexander the Great
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Appendix
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Key terms
• Alexander the Great Alexander the Great was a king of Macedon, a state in northern ancient Greece. Born in Pella in 356 BC,
Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until the age of 16. By the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires of the
ancient world, stretching from the Ionian Sea to the Himalayas. He was undefeated in battle and is considered one of history's
most successful commanders.
• Ancient Egypt A civilization that existed in the valley of the Nile River from 3150 BC to 30 BC. Noted for building the Great
Pyramids of Giza.
• architrave the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns
• burial goods Items included in tombs that were thought to be necessary in the afterlife, from everyday objects to jewelry and
valuables.
• cartouche An oval figure containing characters that represent the names of royal or divine people.
• deified To be treated as worthy of worship, or regarded as a god.
• Early Dynastic Period The period in Egyptian history immediately following the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt, c. 3100
BC; generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties.
• Egyptologist Someone who studies ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, and art.
• faience A low-fired opaque quartz ceramic that creates a glass-like material in bright shades of blue, green, white, and brown.
Originates from Ancient Egypt.
• frieze Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture.
• funerary Of or relating to a funeral.
• funerary art Any work of art forming, or placed in, a repository for the remains of the dead (such as a tomb).
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Ancient Egyptian Art
• hieratic A writing system used in pharaonic Egypt that was developed alongside the hieroglyphic system, primarily written in ink
with a reed brush on papyrus, allowing scribes to write quickly without resorting to the time consuming hieroglyphs.
• hieroglyph An element of an Egyptian writing system.
• hypostyle hall a structure in which a roof is supported by columns
• Ka statue A type of ancient Egyptian statue intended to provide a resting place for the ka, or spirit, of the person after death.
The ancient Egyptians believed the ka (or life-force), along with the physical body, the name, the ba (personality or soul), and
the šwt (shadow), made up the five aspects of a person.
• Late Period The time of Ancient Egypt between the Third Intermediate Period until the conquest by Alexander the Great, from
664 BC until 332 BC; often regarded as the last gasp of the Egyptian culture.
• limestone An abundant rock of marine and freshwater sediments, primarily composed of calcite (CaCO₃); it occurs in a variety
of forms, both crystalline and amorphous.
• lingua franca A common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form
of speech with simplified grammar.
• mastaba a rectangular structure with a flat top and slightly sloping sides, built during Ancient Egyptian times above tombs that
were situated on flat land
• mastaba a rectangular structure with a flat top and slightly sloping sides, built during Ancient Egyptian times above tombs that
were situated on flat land
• Menes An ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and
Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the first dynasty (Dynasty I).
• Middle Kingdom Egypt in the 12th and 13th dynasties, between 2055 BC and 1650 BC.
• monolith A large single block of stone, used in architecture and sculpture.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
• monotheistic Believing in a single god, deity, spirit, etc., especially for an organized religion, faith, or creed.
• mummification The preserving of a dead body, by making it into a mummy.
• mummy An embalmed corpse wrapped in linen bandages for burial, especially as practised by the ancient Egyptians.
• Narmer An ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period (c. 31st century BCE). He is thought to be the successor to
the Protodynastic pharaohs Scorpion (or Selk) and/or Ka, and he is considered by some to be the unifier of Egypt and founder
of the First Dynasty, and therefore the first pharaoh of unified Egypt.
• Nile Usually considered to be the longest river in the world, flowing 6,677 km (4,150 miles) through Egypt into the
Mediterranean Sea.
• Obelisk A tall, square, tapered, stone monolith topped with a pyramidal point, frequently used as a monument.
• ochre An earth pigment containing silica, aluminum, and ferric oxide
• papyrus a material similar to paper made from the Cyperus Papyrus plant
• pictographs (hieroglyphics) An ideogram that conveys its meaning through its pictorial resemblance to a physical object; often
used in writing and graphic systems.
• polytheism The belief in the existence of many gods.
• propaganda A concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large numbers of people.
• pylon A gateway to the inner part of an Ancient Egyptian temple.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
• pyramid An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such
as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica.
• pyramid An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such
as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica.
• Pyramid Text A collection of spells to protect the pharaoh from harm in the afterlife.
• Pyramid Texts A collection of spells to assure the resurrection of the deceased and protect the Pharoah from various malignant
influences.
• quarry (verb) To obtain (mine) stone from an excavation pit, usually by blasting, cutting, or digging. (noun) A site for mining
stone, limestone or slate.
• relief A type of artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background.
• relief A type of artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background.
• relief A type of artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background.
• relief A type of artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background.
• sarcophagus A stone coffin, often inscribed or decorated with sculpture.
• serdab an ancient Egyptian tomb structure that served as a chamber for the Ka statue of a deceased individual
• sphinx A creature with the head of a human and the body of an animal (commonly a lion).
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Ancient Egyptian Art
• stelae Stone or wooden slabs, generally taller than they are wide, often erected for funerals commemorative purposes and
decorated with images or text.
• sunk relief A type of artwork in which an image is made by cutting the relief sculpture itself into a flat surface.
• tenon A projecting member left by cutting away the wood around it, and made to insert into a mortise, and in this way secure
together the parts of a frame.
• third intermediate period The time in Ancient Egypt after the end of the New Kingdom and before the beginning of the Late
Period, encompassing the 21st - 25th Dynasties.
• wadi A valley, gully, or stream bed in northern Africa and southwest Asia that remains dry except during the rainy season.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Agricultural scene from the tomb of Nakht, 18th Dynasty Thebes
Traditional tomb paintings often depicted scenes that were thought to help the deceased in the afterlife.
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Wikipedia. "Tomb of Nakht (2)." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Nakht_(2).jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
A modern imitation of an ancient Egyptian scarab amulet
Scarabs were often included in tombs along with other burial goods as protectors of written products.
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Wikipedia. "Scarab550bc." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scarab550bc.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Wall painting of Nefertari
Egyptian paintings are painted in such a way to show a profile view and a side view of the animal or person. This painting, for example, shows the head
from a profile view and the body from a frontal view. The main colors used were red, blue, black, gold, and green.
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Wikipedia. "Maler der Grabkammer der Nefertari 004." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maler_der_Grabkammer_der_Nefertari_004.jpg View on
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Detail of Hatshepsut, Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, c. 1473-1458 B.C.
Hatshepsut is depicted in the clothing of a male king, though with a feminine form - differing from the Osirian statues in which she appears much more
androgynous.
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Wikipedia. "Hatshepsut." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hatshepsut.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Artist's sketch: Walk in the Garden; limestone; New Kingdom, 18th dynasty, c. 1335 BC
A relief of a royal couple in the Armana style. The figures are thought to be Akhenaten and Nefertiti, Smenkhkare and Meritaten, or Tutankhamen and
Ankhesenamun.
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Wikipedia. "Spaziergang im Garten Amarna Berlin." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spaziergang_im_Garten_Amarna_Berlin.jpg View on
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Narmer wearing the white crown
Narmer was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period (c. 31st century BCE). He is thought to be the successor to the Protodynastic
pharaohs Scorpion (or Selk) and/or Ka, and he is considered by some to be the unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty—therefore the first
pharaoh of unified Egypt.
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Wikipedia. "NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NarmerPalette-CloseUpOfNarmer-ROM.png View on
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Ancient Egyptian Art
The Sphinx of Giza, partially excavated, with two pyramids in background. Albumen print.
The Great Sphinx of Giza is the largest monolith statue in the world, and was believed to have been built for King Khafra during the 4th Dynasty.
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Wikipedia. "Sphinx partially excavated2." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sphinx_partially_excavated2.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Tuthankamen's famous burial mask, on display in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
King Tut's burial mask has become a popular symbol for Egypt since its discovery in his tomb in 1922.
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Wikipedia. "Tuthankhamun Egyptian Museum." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tuthankhamun_Egyptian_Museum.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Nubian Pharoahs
The Nubian Pharoahs depicted in these were the rules of the 25th Dynasty.
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Wikipedia. "NubianPharoahs." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NubianPharoahs.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
The Pyramids of Giza
This view shows all three pyramid structures: the Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure.
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Wikipedia. "All Gizah Pyramids." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
"Great River" Hieroglyphics
In the ancient Egyptian language, the Nile is called Ḥ'pī or Iteru, meaning "great river," represented by these hieroglyphs.
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Wikipedia. "Iteru." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iteru.png View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Three black granite statues of the pharaoh Sesotris III, seen in right profile. From the time of the 12th
dynasty, circa 1850 BC.
Senusret III is known for his strikingly somber sculptures.
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Wikipedia. "ThreeStatuesOfSesotrisIII-RightProfiles-BritishMuseum-August19-08." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ThreeStatuesOfSesotrisIIIRightProfiles-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Ancient Egyptian funerary stela
Funerary stelae were usually inscribed with the name and title of the deceased, along with images or hieroglyphs.
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Wikipedia. "Egyptian funerary stela." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egyptian_funerary_stela.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Painted walls in the burial chamber of Tutankhamun's tomb, Valley of the Kings, Egypt
Tutankhamun's burial chamber contained beautiful works of art, text and hieroglyphics.
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Wikipedia. "Egypt.KV62.01." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egypt.KV62.01.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Colossal statue of Ramesses II at Memphis, Egypt.
This 83-tonne statue of Ramses was relocated from Cairo to protect it from exhaust fumes that were contributing to its deterioration. Currently held in
Memphis, its new site will be located near the future Grand Egyptian Museum.
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Wikipedia. "Egypt-Memphis-Giant-Ramses-II." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egypt-Memphis-Giant-Ramses-II.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
A relief portrait of Akhenaten.
Akhenaten represented in the typical Amarna period style. New Kingdom, 18th dynasty, circa 1345 B.C.
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Wikipedia. "ReliefPortraitOfAkhenaten01." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ReliefPortraitOfAkhenaten01.png View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Sudan Meroe Pyramids 30sep2005
Sudan Meroe Pyramids - UNESCO World Heritage.
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Wikipedia. "Sudan Meroe Pyramids 30sep2005 2." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sudan_Meroe_Pyramids_30sep2005_2.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
The Weighing of the Heart
In Spell 125, Anubis weighs the heart of Hunefer. This spell is first known from the reign of Hatshepsut and Tuthmose III, c. 1475 BC.
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Wikipedia. "Weighing of the heart3." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Weighing_of_the_heart3.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Djoser Pyramid
Step pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara, Egypt.
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Wikipedia. "Saqqara BW 5." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saqqara_BW_5.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Shabti figures
Shabti were funerary figurines that were placed in tombs along with the deceased to assist them in the afterlife.
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Wikipedia. "Egyptian funerary figurines louvre 180flip." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egyptian_funerary_figurines_louvre_180flip.jpg View on
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Egyptian Female Amulet Sculpture
Female figure. The name of Psammetichus I is inscribed under the feet, Louvre Museum.
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Wikipedia. "Female amulet E17114 mp3h8679." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Female_amulet_E17114_mp3h8679.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
A view of Buhen from the north.
Buhen was an ancient fort built by Senusret III during his multiple campaigns. Its moat, drawbridges and bastions would have provided good defense
against enemy attacks.
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Wikipedia. "Buhen3." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buhen3.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
The White Chapel
The White Chapel of Senusret I at Karnak is a good example of the fine quality of art and architecture produced during the 12th Dynasty. Its columns
hold reliefs of a very high quality which are hardly seen elsewhere at Karnak
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Wikipedia. "White Chapel." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White_Chapel.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Colonnaded design of Hatshepsut temple
Hatshepsut's temple is most famous for its Djeser-Djeseru, a colonnaded structure of such architectural skill, that predates the Parthenon by nearly one
thousand years.
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Wikipedia. "Il tempio di Hatshepsut." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Il_tempio_di_Hatshepsut.JPG View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Osirian statues of Hatshepsut, Temple of Hatshepsut at Luxor
These figures depict her in traditional royal regalia, as was the custom for pharaohs, regardless of gender. One stood at each pillar of the extensive
structure of her tomb.
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Wikipedia. "S F-E-CAMERON 2006-10-EGYPT-WESTBANK-0153." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S_F-E-CAMERON_2006-10-EGYPT-WESTBANK0153.JPG View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Artist's sketch: Walk in the Garden; limestone; New Kingdom, 18th dynasty, c. 1335 BC
A relief of a royal couple in the Armana style. The figures are thought to be Akhenaten and Nefertiti, Smenkhkare and Meritaten, or Tutankhamen and
Ankhesenamun.
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Wikipedia. "Spaziergang im Garten Amarna Berlin." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spaziergang_im_Garten_Amarna_Berlin.jpg View on
Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
A panorama of the great hypostyle hall at Karnak
The Precinct of Amun-Re, also known as the Temple of Amun, is part of the great temple complex at Karnak.
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Wikipedia. "Karnakpanorama." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Karnakpanorama.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
A panorama of a frieze in the precinct of Amun in Karnak
Great monuments and temples were often decorated with elaborate relief sculpture during the New Kingdom.
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Wikipedia. "Karnakfrieze1." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Karnakfrieze1.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Map of Egyptian Settlement in the Nile River Valley
This map of ancient Egypt shows the path of the great Nile River, along with major cities and sites of the Dynastic period (c. 3150 BCE to 30 BCE).
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Wikipedia. "File:Ancient Egypt map-en.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ancient_Egypt_mapen.svg&page=1 View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Ka statue of Horawibra
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Wikipedia. "Ka Statue of horawibra." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
The Great Sphinx of Giza
The Great Sphinx, located among the Pyramids of Giza, is the largest monolith statue in the world.
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Wikipedia. "Tourist at Sphinx, Giza plateau." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_at_Sphinx,_Giza_plateau.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Colonnaded design of Hatshepsut temple
Hatshepsut's temple is most famous for its Djeser-Djeseru, a colonnaded structure of such architectural skill, that predates the Parthenon by nearly one
thousand years.
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Wikipedia. "Il tempio di Hatshepsut." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Il_tempio_di_Hatshepsut.JPG View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Akhenaten, Nefertiti and their children
This relief illustrates an intimate portrait of Akhenaten and his family in the Amarna style of art.
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Wikipedia. "Akhenaten, Nefertiti and their children." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Akhenaten,_Nefertiti_and_their_children.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Nile Mosaic of Palestrina
Nile Mosaic of Palestrina. Circa 100 BCE.
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Wikipedia. "NileMosaicOfPalestrina." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NileMosaicOfPalestrina.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Schematic of an egypt mastaba from the Old Kingdom.
Inside the mastaba, a deep chamber was dug into the ground and lined with stone or bricks. Over time these tomb chambers sank deeper and were
connected by stairs. The above ground structure had space for a small chapel to which priests and family members could bring offerings for the soul of
the deceased.
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Wikipedia. "Mastaba schematics." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mastaba_schematics.svg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Sunken relief of the crocodile god, Sobek
Animals were usually also highly symbolic figures in Egyptian art.
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Wikipedia. "Egypt.Sobek.01." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egypt.Sobek.01.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
A sculpted head of Amenhotep III
Very conventionalized portrait statues manifest idealized features of rulers.
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Wikipedia. "AmenhotepIII." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AmenhotepIII.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Example of a mastaba
Royal mastabas were used to mark the burial site of many important Egyptians.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
The Pyramids of Giza
The Pyramids of Giza served as tombs to the Kings. By preserving their bodies and providing them with gifts for the afterlife, it was believed that their
soul would live on.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Osiris
The gods Osiris, Anubis, and Horus, from a tomb painting.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Africa in 400 BC
Map of kingdoms, states and tribes in 400 BC Africa.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Step Pyramid at Saqqara
Djoser´s step pyramid was the first of the great pyramids built during the Old Kingdom in Eqypt. Unlike later pyramids, it used a step design that is easily
recognized.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Egyptian sculpture of the Old Kingdom
This sculpture was created in the 4th Dynasty, and represents the goddess Hathor, King Menkaure, and the goddess Bat.
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Wikipedia. "Hathor Menkaure Bat triad fourth dynasty Cairo Museum." Public domain
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Cursive Hieroglyphs from the Papyrus of Ani
During the New Kingdom, the Book of the Dead was typically written in cursive hieroglyphs.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Example of a block statue.
Block statues of the Middle Kingdom consisted of a man squatting with his knees drawn up to his chest.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Head of pharaoh Sesostris III, made of red granite, circa 1850 BC
Some of the sculptures of Senusret III, like this one, portray him as an aging man - a style that deviated from the standard representation of Kings.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
The stepped pyramid at Saqqara
Large tombs of pharaohs at Abydos and Naqada, in addition to cemeteries at Saqqara and Helwan near Memphis, reveal structures built largely of wood
and mud bricks, with some small use of stone for walls and floors.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Colossal statues of Ramses II outside of Abu Simbel.
This famous work depicts four repeating statues of Ramses II, following the tradition of deifying pharaohs.
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Wikimedia. "Ancient Egypt-Antico Egitto-Abu Simbel-Ramses II-DSC00534." GNU FDL http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_Egypt-Antico_EgittoAbu_Simbel-Ramses_II-DSC00534.JPG View on Boundless.com
Ancient Egyptian Art
Alexander the Great Bust
Portrait of Alexander the Great. Marble, Hellenistic artwork, 2nd-1st century BC. Said to be from Alexandria, Egypt.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Panel in the false door of Senemut's tomb, showing him in the middle with his mother Hatnefer (in front of
him) and his father Ramose (behind him)
Ramose is featured on the false door of his son Senenmut's tomb chapel.
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Ancient Egyptian Art
A view of Hatnofer's gold gilded funerary mask/cartonnage.
Hatnofer was the mother of Senenmut, the highest serving state official under the Queen Hatshepsut. Her rich funerary goods stand in stark contrast to
her husband's simple coffin.
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Wikipedia. "Hatnofer's funerary mask (Mary Harrsch)." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hatnofer's_funerary_mask_(Mary_Harrsch).jpg View on
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Ancient Egyptian Art
Attribution
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• Wikipedia. "Early Dynastic Period of Egypt." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt
• Wiktionary. "papyrus." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/papyrus
• Wiktionary. "hieratic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hieratic
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• Wiktionary. "deified." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deified
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• Google. "Redirect Notice." CC BY-SA https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.saylor.org/site/wpcontent/uploads/2011/09/12th-Dynasty-El-Lisht-Hawara-Illahun_1.pdf&sa=U&ei=QOqaUL_jE9G42gW2YCgAw&ved=0CAcQFjAA&client=internal-uds-cse&usg=AFQjCNGNgHCdkXnYuwnjZNoeSq5a_bvk1w
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• Wikipedia. "Ancient Egypt." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt%23Old_Kingdom
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• Wikipedia. "Ramose and Hatnofer." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramose_and_Hatnofer
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• Wikipedia. "Ramose (prince)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramose_(prince)
• Wikipedia. "burial goods." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/burial%20goods
• Wikipedia. "Pyramid Text." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid%20Text
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• Wikipedia. "Shabti." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabti
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• Wiktionary. "wadi." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wadi
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• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//art-history/definition/late-period
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• Saylor. CC BY-SA http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/1.8-KNEELINGSTATUEWAHIBRE.pdf
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• Wiktionary. "limestone." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limestone
• Wikipedia. "Old Kingdom of Egypt." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt
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• Wiktionary. "pyramid." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pyramid
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• Wikipedia. "Amarna art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_art
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• Wikipedia. "Early Dynastic Period of Egypt." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt
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