Download "Simply Super" Circuit Board

The Simple Circuit Board
Dr. Michael H. Suckley & Mr. Paul A. Klozik
Email: [email protected]
Materials: (see page labeled Materials List)
The Simple Circuit Board “S.C.B.” was designed to provide an inexpensive circuit board that can be
used to answer the following questions associated with circuits.
What is a circuit? What are conductors? What is a switch? What is a fuse? What are
volts? What are amperes? What is a battery? What is a resistor? What are the
characteristics of a parallel circuit? What are the characteristics of a series circuit?
These instructional materials were developed for teachers and may need to be modified for student
use. Colored masters of this handout, with answers, may be downloaded from: ScienceScene.com.
(ScienceScene.com – MAP Company – Teaching Materials – Electricity)
Background
An electric circuit requires a minimum of three components:
1. A pathway or conductor, on which the electrons can flow.
2. A source of electrons, such as a battery or a generator.
3. An object for the electrons to act on, such as a toaster or a
television set. The circuit leads electrons in a continuous path.
The flow continues as long as the driving force acts. This flow
can be described using the following terms.
a. Pressure that cause the current to flow (Volts).
b. Rate of the current flow (Amperes).
c. Resistance of the conductor to the flow (Ohms).
Building the “SCB”
1. Obtain materials for the SCB.
2. Place a magnet on a glue dot and remove with the glue dot
attached to the magnet.
3. Place the magnet on the card with the “SCB” printed on it.
Push firmly for greatest adhesion. Repeat for all magnets indicated.
4. Making the bulb unit:
a. bend two paperclips into an L shape and place on either side of a light bulb.
b. Attach with heat shrink tubing.
c. Wrap wires from light bulb around paperclip
d. Repeat to make three Bulb units.
a.
b.
c.
5. Make two connecting wires, black and red, by wire wrapping a paperclip to each end of the
wire. Once completed insert one end, of each wire, into the battery.
You are now ready to use the SCB!
Parallel Circuits
Building a Parallel Circuit
1. Place the paperclips as indicated.
Your “S.C.B.” should look like the figure.
2. The paperclip between master and 1b is our switch. Open it; do
not connect the paperclip, between master and 1b.
Qualitative Characteristics of Parallel Circuits
1. Now connect the battery, positive or red wire “+”, to 1a and the
negative to master.
2. Close the switch and observe and record. _____________
3. Lift bulb unit 1 just enough to break the circuit - so that the
bulb will not light. Describe the effect on the other bulbs.
Replace the bulb unit.________________________________.
4. Repeat step 2 for bulb unit 2 and 3.
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Quantitative Characteristics of Parallel Circuits
Voltage
1. Now connect the battery, positive or red wire, “+”, to 1a and the negative to master.
2. Close the switch, Bulbs should light. Observe and record. __________________________
3. Measure the resulting voltage as indicated in the chart.
Placement of Volt Meter
Black – Red (Across)
Bulbs
1b -1a
1
2b – 2a
2
3b – 3a
3
1b – 3a
1+2+3
Power Supply (Master – 1a)
1+2+3
Voltage
2. What do you observe about Voltage in a series circuit? _________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Amperage
1. Set-up the circuit as shown and connect the battery.
2. Close the switch. Bulbs should light. Slide bulb assembly to “break circuit” as indicated in
the chart. Bulbs should light. Connect the Ammeter, in series, as indicated in the chart.
Record amperage
Insert Ammeter (Between)
Bulb-3b
Bulb-2b
Bulbs
3
2
Bulb-1b
Master-1b
1
1+2+3
Amperage
2. What conclusion can you make about the amperage in a parallel circuit?_______________
_________________________________________________________________________
The Simple Circuit Board ©2008 Page 2
Series Circuits
Building a Series Circuit
1. Place the paperclips as indicated. Your “S.C.B.” should look like
the figure.
2. The paperclip between master and 1b is our switch. Open; do not
connect the paperclip, between master and 1b.
Qualitative Characteristics of Series Circuits
1. Now the battery positive or the red wire, "+", to 1a and the black
wire to master. Leave it there for this activity.
2. Close the switch, observe and record your observations.
______________________________
3. Lift bulb unit 1 just enough to break the circuit - so that the bulb
will not light. Describe the effect on the other bulbs. (Replace the
Bulb unit each time) __________________________________.
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4. Repeat step 2 for bulb unit 2 and 3.
Quantative Characteristics of Series Circuits
Voltage
1. Now connect the battery, positive or red wire “+”, to 1a and the negative to master.
2. Close the switch, Bulbs should light. Observe and record. _________________________
3. Measure the resulting voltage as indicated in the chart.
Placement of Volt Meter
Black – Red (Across)
Bulbs
1b – 1a
1
2a – 2b
2
3b – 3a
3
1b – 3a
1+2+3
Power Supply (Master – 1a)
1+2+3
Voltage
2. What conclusion can you make about the Voltage in a series circuit? _______________
________________________________________________________________________
Amperage
1. Set-up the circuit as shown and close the switch. Bulbs should light. Slide bulb assembly
to “break circuit” as indicated in the chart. Bulbs should light. Connect the Ammeter, in
series, as indicated in the chart. Record amperage.
Insert Ammeter (Between)
Bulbs
Bulb-3b
3
Bulb-2a
2
Bulb-1b
1
Master-1b
1+2+3
Amperage
2. What do you observe about Amperage in a series circuit? __________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
The Simple Circuit Board ©2008 Page 3
Combined Circuit (A circuit containing Series and Parallel)
Note: This parallel and series circuit combines the characteristics of both
the series and parallel circuits.
Building a Combined Circuit
1. Place the paperclips as indicated. Your “S.C.B.” should look like
the figure.
2. Now the battery positive or the red wire, "+", to 1a and the black
wire to master. Leave it there for this activity.
3. The paperclip between master and 1b is our switch. Open; do not
connect the paperclip, between master and 1b.
4. Unfold a paperclip and bend it into an “L” shape.
Use it as a conductor between 1b-3a.
Do not let it touch any other spot.
Series
Parallel
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Qualitative Characteristics of a Combined Circuit
1. Connect the battery record your observations.__________
Quantative Characteristics of a Combined Circuit
Voltage
1. Setup the circuit as indicated in the figure, connect the battery and close the switch. Bulbs
should light.
2. Measure the voltage by connecting the volt meter as indicated in the table.
Placement of Volt Meter
Voltage
Type of
Circuit
Black – Red (Across)
Bulbs
1b -1a
1
Parallel
2b – 2a
2
Series
3a - 3b
3
Series
3a – 1a
2+3
Series
Power Supply (Master – 1a)
1+2+3
Combined
4. What conclusion can you make about the voltage in a Combined Circuit? ____________
________________________________________________________________________
Amperage
1. Set-up the circuit as shown, connect the battery and close the switch. Bulbs should light.
Connect the Ammeter, in series, as indicated in the chart.
2. Slide bulb assembly to “break circuit” as indicated in the chart. Insert ammeter to
complete circuit as indicated. Bulbs should light. Record amperage.
Insert Ammeter (Between)
Bulbs
Amperage
Type of Circuit
Bulb -3a
3
Series
Bulb -2a
2
Series
1b – 3a
2
Series
Bulb -1b
1
Parallel
Master – 1b
1+2+3
Combined
3. What conclusion can you make about the Amperage in a Combined Circuit? ___________
_________________________________________________________________________
The Simple Circuit Board ©2008 Page 4
Investigating Conductors
1. Set-up the “S.C.B.” as shown. This will allow only the
first bulb to light when the battery is connected.
2. By placing the paperclips as indicated, 1b and the
master, you will have made a conductivity tester. The
two paper clips will be used to hold a fuse, test for
conductivity or act as electrodes.
Solutions
1. Carefully dip these paper clips into various solutions to
test for conductivity.
2. The relative brightness of the bulb is an indication of
the degree of conductivity. Conduct several tests to
determine conductivity of several solutions. Determine
the brightness of each solution as: excellent, good, fair,
poor, and none.
3. Clean electrodes, (large paper clips), after each test by
dipping them into distilled water and drying them. Take
special care not to get the “S.C.B.” wet.
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Solids
1. Test various materials around the classroom to determine which of them would be
conductors. Conduct your test by carefully touching the two electrodes to each object.
Record your observations___________________________________________________.
2. The relative brightness of the bulb is an indication of the degree of conductivity. Conduct
several tests on these materials to determine brightness such as: excellent, good, fair, poor,
and none. Record your observations___________________________________________.
Diodes
1. Place a diode in place of the fuse. Close the master switch and observe._______________
2. Remove the diode, flip it end for end, and then replace, test and observe.
________________________________________________________________________
Fuses
1. Place a single strand of steel wool, number 2 or coarse, in the paperclip connector.
2. Connect the current to the circuit and carefully observe the fuse.
a. Add paperclips to 1b – 2b and 1a – 2a to light bulb 2 carefully observe the fuse.
b. Add paperclips to 2b – 3b and 2a – 3a to light bulb 3 carefully observe the fuse..
c. Observe the number of light bulbs that can be lit before the fuse burns out.
Record your observations__________________________________________________
Resistors
1. Place one then two resistor in parallel, in the
paperclip connectors, as indicated and observe the
brightness of the bulb.
______________________________________
______________________________________
2. Place one then two resistor resistors in series, as
indicated, and observe the brightness of the bulb.
______________________________________
______________________________________
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Parallel
The Simple Circuit Board ©2008 Page 5
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Series
Materials
Simple Circuit Board,
7- Small magnets - - - http://www.mattsblinkys.com/magnets.php Pac of 10 for $1.00 plus shipping
7- Small paperclips - - http://www.staples.com/ $1.69 per 500
2- Connecting wires - - Radio Shack Model: 278-1301 - Catalog #: 278-1301 $4.99
7- Glue dots - - - - - - - http://www.gluedots.com/display/router.aspx?DocID=290
Part Number XD41-1000
Ph. 239-437-8255
3- Christmas lights - - http://www.1000bulbs.com/ShoppingCart.php CHR/93207 - $2.95 / 50 lights
6- Small paper clips http://www.staples.com/ $1.69 per 500
3 - 3/8” x ½’ clear heat shrink tubing - - - http://stores.ebay.com/Heat-Shrink-Tubing
Accessory Pack
#2 steel wool, 3 - 10 ohm resistors, 1 diode, 1 tooth pick
Set of conductivity solutions:
10% NaCl solution (10g. /100ml)
2.4% NaCl solution (2.4g/100ml.)
5% Sugar solution (5g/100ml.)
Distilled water
Polaroid Polapulse battery
Meter - 50LE Multimeter
Ammeter
http://www.kelvin.com
Voltmeter
Polaroid Battery
Polaroid
Polapulse
Battery
Polaroid
Polapulse
Battery
Polaroid
Polapulse
Battery
To read Amperage:
1. Set dial to 10A
2. Plug black wire into COM –
3. Plug Red wire into 10 ADC
To read voltage:
1. Set dial to DCV 20
2. Plug black wire into COM –
3. Plug Red wire into +V
Obtained from a
Polaroid film pack.
Note
1. You may use any 6 volt power supply for the circuit boards. We have found that the 6 volt
Polaroid Polapulse battery, obtained from a Polaroid film pack, works well for a power
source.
2. All references such as 1a or 2b refer to specific locations or points on the “Simple Circuit
Board” References such as 2b-3b refer to specific connections between two points. The
label 1, 2, and 3 represent the three Christmas tree light bulbs.
The Simple Circuit Board ©2008 Page 6
The MAP Team
The MAP Team is composed of three educators with approximately 100 years of exemplary science
teaching between them at grade levels from third grade through college. They have worked together
for the last ten years to encourage and promote physics education in the elementary and middle
schools in the Midwest. The goals of the workshops are to:
• Enhance upper elementary and middle school teacher's understanding of physics concepts
• Provide teachers with hands-on heads-on activities for effectively teaching these concepts to
their students.
• Provide the necessary integration of physical science skills with classroom activities to promote
learning.
The specific content areas of the workshops are:
Measurement Magnetism Light
Sound
Color
Fluids
Electricity
Matter
Energy
Motion
Simple Machines
Heat
The presenters for these workshops are certified Operation Physics trainers. All of these teachers
have presented National, State, and local workshops. As a team, they have presented over 150
workshops in Physical Science during the past eight years. Each of these presenters is enthusiastic
about the improvement of science education.
Dr. Michael Suckley has over 40 years of teaching experience at middle, high school and
university level, Professor at Macomb Community College for Physical and Environmental
Science. Author of two physical science textbooks, “Analyzing the Physical Universe”, and
“Physics Is FUNdamental”. He has been an Instructional Design Consultant for the National
Association of Sickle Cell Disease, College of Nursing Wayne State University, Macomb County
Intermediate School District, and Utica Community Schools and has developed Instructional
Materials for Education Projects.
Mr. Paul A. Klozik has over 36 years of teaching experience at the high school level and
Community College. 1986 Teacher of the Year for Warren Consolidated Public Schools. 1989
PASCO Teaching Excellence Award winner. Developed and presented workshops for science
teachers for Warren Consolidated Schools. Introduced and promoted Science Olympics at
Sterling Heights H.S. Headed the Steering Committee for district science curriculum.
Instructor at Macomb Mathematics Science and Technology Center. Developed and taught
courses that are interrelated between Physics, Mathematics, Environmental Science,
Computers, Research, and IDS (Inter discipline Studies).
Each of these educators has an intense desire to help in the improvement of science education. If
you would like to learn more about the MAP team or you would like the team to develop a
customized workshop for your teachers and visit your school district please contact us.
To Contact the Team
Michael Suckley Phone: 810-750-2373 E-mail: [email protected]
Paul Klozik Phone: 586-293-5424 E-mail: [email protected]
Or
Email the Team at: [email protected]
The Simple Circuit Board ©2008 Page 7