Download Endocrine System Lecture Notes

Endocrine System Lecture Notes
A. General Info:
1. The endocrine system works WITH the nervous system to regulate various activities
within your body.
2. It’s main function is to produce the hormones your body uses to maintain various body
structures and mechanisms
3. The endocrine system differs from the nervous system in one primary manner…speed!
i. Nervous system is built for speed—body uses neurons to make rapid adjustments
to changes
ii. Endocrine system uses chemical messengers (hormones) to affect change.
1. These hormones travel (rather leisurely) through the bloodstream
2. Much slower than a nervous system would fire off an action potential.
B. Major processes controlled by the Endocrine system
1. Reproduction
2. Growth and Development
3. Maintaining homeostasis of electrolytes, water and nutrients
4. Regulation of cell metabolism
C. The endocrine system has two types of glands, endocrine glands and exocrine glands. How do
endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands? Both of them secrete hormones, but they function
a bit differently…
1. Endocrine—secreted directly from the gland into blood or gland
2. Exocrine—secreted into tubes leading from gland
D. How do hormones get to where they need to go?
1. Hormones travel through the blood and they attach to receptor proteins
2. Animations to demonstrate different pathways a hormone might operate.
i. Steroid hormone
ii. Non-steroid hormone
E. Hormones affect target organs…what does this mean?
1. Even though the hormone travels throughout the entire body, it will only cause an effect
on that organ/gland that it was made to affect.
F. Control of release of hormones…how does the body know when a hormone is needed?
1. Negative feedback loop
G. Explain each hormonal problem:
1. Goiter—Thyroid enlarges due to iodine shortage
2. Diabetes Insipidus—symptoms include excessive thirst (ADH lacking)—problem with
insulin
3. Diabetes Mellitus—low blood sugar due to insulin problem
4. Acromegaly—abnormal bone growth (face, hands, feet) due to excessive pituitary gland
action
5. Dwarfism—shortage of GH
HAP—Endocrine lecture
H. Complete chart
A
Gland
Pituitary
Hormone
ADH
Purpose
H2O balance
Oxytocin
Uterine contractions
GH
Growth
TSH
Influences thyroid
ACTH
Regulate adrenal gland
B
Pineal
Melatonin
C
Thyroid
Thyroxine
D
Parathyroid
PTH
Adjustment of various amounts
of daylight
Controls glucose metabolism if
iodine present
Blood Ca+2 into bones
Blood Ca+2 from bones
E
Thymus
Thymosin
Assist immune system
F
Adrenal
Aldosterone
Maintain blood salts (Na+, K+)
Cortisone
Long Term Stress
Epinephrine
Short Term Stress
Insulin
Decrease blood sugar
Glucagon
Increase blood sugar
Estrogen
Sex characteristics, control
menstrual cycle
Calcitonin
G
H
Pancreas
Ovaries
Progesterone
I
Testes
Testosterone
Sex characteristics
I. List the hormone created by each structure and the function of the hormone.
Hormone
Function
+
ANP
Increase Na excretion and inhibits
Heart
smooth muscle contraction
Renin
Causes vasoconstriction of blood
Kidney
vessels = increase in Blood Pressure
Many polypeptide hormones
Increases intestine motion and
G.I. Tract
enzyme production
HCG
Embryo growth first 90 days
Placenta
Estrogen
Sex characteristics and uterus health
Progesterone
Sex characteristics and uterus health
Lactogenic Growth
Milk production
HAP—Endocrine lecture