Download A closer look at long-term memory indicates that it stores information

CONNECTIONS BETWEEN
LEARNING STYLES AND THE BRAIN
LEARNING IS “MAKING CONNECTIONS”
Edwin Powell Hubble once said, “Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him
and calls the adventure Science” (The Nature of Science, 1954). Hubble’s message is simple: the human
brain attempts to understand the world around it through the five senses. For decades, educators have
known that teaching to multiple senses, also known as a learning style, is important, but few discuss the
link between long-term memory and neural connections (brain pathways) in this learning process. It is
the connections made between multi-sensory learning experiences and brain neurons (special nerve
cells) firing up that create a powerful relationship that governs what is stored in long-term memory for
long-term learning.
By design, the brain is constantly synthesizing and processing information through our senses. We see,
smell, hear, touch, and feel as a means for the brain to absorb, store, and consolidate new information
with old information in order to determine if new data should be discarded or stored. When prior
knowledge is activated with the new sensory information, a series of neurons (nerve cells) activate and
the brain quickly determines if the new information makes sense.
Experience teaches us that every person has their own unique way of engaging their senses to learn.
Science teaches us that the more senses we stimulate during the learning process, the more neurons
light up to interpret the experience. It is this orchestrated effort between our senses and our memory
that makes all the difference in connecting learning. When these neural connections are ignited the
brain quickly determines if the new information is worthy of long-term storage.
Understanding the memory process is key. Cognitive scientists have determined that there is one
memory system that divides into multiple parts. Three significant parts are sensory memory, shortterm memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Sensory memory retains an exact copy of what
was seen or heard and stores this exact memory for 300 milliseconds. Sensory memory has unlimited
capacity, but is very short in duration. Short-term memory (STM) processes information in 30-60
seconds and selectively attends to what connects logically to prior knowledge. STM stores about 7
items at once and, in milli-seconds, processes, organizes, and consolidates information to determine if
new data should be transferred to LTM or discarded. Long-term memory (LTM) stores information for
extended periods of time on the basis of what is meaningful and/or important, but has a limited storage
capacity.
A closer look at long-term memory indicates that it stores information in interrelated neural networks
of prior knowledge called schemas or mental models of how we perceive and interpret the world
around us (Anderson, 2004). One schema can activate another schema that links information
together. These schemas are extremely important because they determine if information is relevant
and how this new information will be stored and recalled. As more information embeds into a schema,
the learning experience becomes deeper and more neurons activate. This tells us that “the better
something is learned” the longer it will stay in LTM.
In order to determine which information gets stored or dismissed, the brain uses prior knowledge as a
critical factor because it provides a neural network “home” for storage. The more often that location is
activated with multiple senses, the more automatic the memory becomes. This leads to the mastery
stage of learning because new information, by design, embeds with old information. The more
engaged the senses are in the learning process, the more powerful the lesson. So the next time you
hear someone say, “connect the dots” in order to learn something, just remember that these
connections are sensory driven neural connections linking old and new information in order to deepen
understanding.
Jen and Pam have been studying and learning about brain-memory and sensory connection for the past
few months. They will be presenting on this topic at a local Convention this Fall. Not only is this the
brain/learning style connection fascinating, but it directly correlates and supports Learning Foundation’s
practice of helping students based on their learning style. If you want to learn more, check out the Learning
Foundations website (www.learningfoundations.org) or email us at
[email protected]