Download Memory

December 9, 2016
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Objective:
 Differentiate
between stages of memory
 Explain how a memory moves from sensory memory to
long term memory
 Figure out ways to improve memory
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Journal:
 If
I gave you a list of 15 things to get from the grocery
store, how many of them do you think you could
remember without writing them down?
******Hand in your Brain Packet.
MEMORY
Memory: Key Terms
Memory: Active system that stores, organizes, alters, and
recovers (retrieves) information
Encoding: Converting information into a useable form
Storage: Holding this information in memory
Retrieval: Taking memories out of storage
Stages of Memory
1.Sensory Memory
2.Short-Term Memory
3.Long-Term Memory
Sensory Memory
Sensory Memory: Storing an exact copy of incoming
information for less than a second; the first stage of memory
Short-Term Memory (STM)
Short-Term Memory (STM): second stage of memory; stores
small amounts of information briefly; very sensitive to
interruption or interference
Memory Span: STM is limited to holding 7 + 2 information
bits at once
Storing Info in STM
Recoding: Reorganizing or modifying information in STM
Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeating information silently to
prolong its presence in STM
Elaborative Rehearsal: Links new information with existing
memories and knowledge in LTM; Good way to transfer STM
information into LTM
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
• Storing information relatively permanently
• Stored on basis of meaning and importance
Types of Long-Term Memory
Explicit (declarative) memory (facts): factual knowledge &
personal experiences
• Semantic Memory: Impersonal facts and everyday
knowledge
• Episodic Memory: Personal experiences linked with
specific times and places
Implicit (procedural) Memory (skills): Long-term memories
of conditioned responses and learned skills, e.g., driving
Loss of Memory
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Anterograde amnesia: the inability to form new explicit
long-term memories for events following brain trauma or
surgery. Explicit memories formed before are left intact.
Cause possibly is damage to hippocampus
Retrograde amnesia: the disruption of memory for the
past, especially espisodic memory. After brain trauma or
surgery, there often is retrograde amnesia for events
occurring just before.
Infantile/child amnesia: the inability as adults to
remember events that occurred in our lives before about 3
years of age. Due possibly to fact that hippocampus is not
fully developed.
Serial Position Effect
Recall: Direct retrieval of facts or information
Serial Position Effect:
• Hardest to recall items in the middle of a list
• Primacy effect: easier to remember items first in a list than
items in the middle, because first items are studied the most
• Recency effect: easier to remember items last in a list
than items in the middle, because the last items were last
studied
Serial Position Effect
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Horse
Rabbit
Bear
Gorilla
Cat
Penguin
Deer
Dog
Pig
Cow