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COGS 17 Handout 7 pg. 1 Handout: Memory Nature of memory Definition: changes in the brain as a result of experiences retained for a period of time & ability to retain learned information and knowledge of past events and experiences and to be able to retrieve that information. Common Model of Memory processes Rehearsal Si ght Elaborat ion and Organization Smell Sound Sensory Memory Attention Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Ret riev al Taste Touch Lost Lost Squire’s taxonomy of memory Hippocampus What is it? Structure in the medial temporal lobe Functions: - consolidation of memory (STM LTM) - acts as the “pointer” and as “links” sensory info together - spatial and contextual memory (taxi driver studies showed that hippocampal volume correlated with the experience) - detection of novel stimuli - neurogenesis (even as adult) Malfunctions: - Severe anterograde amnesia: when you can’t form new memories - Mild retrograde amnesia: can’t remember past memories - Problems navigating space - Susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease (first symptom of Alzheimer’s is the loss of STM) - Hippocampus and depression - smaller hippocampus in clinically depressed individuals due increased levels of cortisol (stress hormone) COGS 17 Handout 7 pg. 2