Download Chapter Sixteen Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Chapter Sixteen
Treatment of
Psychological
Disorders
Question
What is the difference between a psychiatrist
and a psychologist?
a) A psychologist practices psychoanalytic
treatment, whereas a psychiatrist practices
group psychotherapy.
b) A psychologist has a Ph.D. degree, whereas a
psychiatrist has an M.D. degree.
c) A psychologist offers medications, whereas a
psychiatrist offers talk psychotherapy.
d) A psychologist always practices group
psychotherapy, whereas a psychiatrist
practices individual psychotherapy.
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Answer
Choice b is correct.
A psychologist has usually completed a
doctoral (Ph.D.) degree in clinical or
counseling psychology. A psychiatrist is a
medical doctor (M.D.) with training in the
diagnosis and treatment of mental
disorders. (Chapter 16, Basic Features of
Treatment section)
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Question
Classic psychoanalytic treatment
techniques included all of the following
EXCEPT
a)
b)
c)
d)
free association.
dream analysis.
analysis of transference.
electroconvulsive therapy.
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Answer
Choice d is correct.
Freudian psychoanalytic treatment
techniques did NOT include the use of
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), but they
did involve free association, dream
analysis, and the analysis of transference
(the client’s reactions to the therapist).
(Chapter 16, Classical Psychoanalysis
section)
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Question
A central goal of Freudian psychoanalysis
was
a) to help the patient learn new behaviors.
b) to help the patient gain insight into their
problems by recognizing unconscious
thoughts and emotions.
c) to enable the patient to reach the goal of
self-actualization.
d) to change the patient’s negative
thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.
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Answer
Choice b is correct.
Freudian psychoanalysis utilized a variety
of techniques all aimed at one central
goal – insight. The analyst employed such
techniques to make unconscious material
conscious. (Chapter 16, Psychodynamic
Psychotherapy section)
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Question
Reflection is a technique used by clientcentered therapists. It involves restating or
paraphrasing what a client has said. Reflection
is often used by the therapist to develop
____________, an appreciation of how the
world looks from the client’s perspective.
a)
b)
c)
d)
unconditional positive regard
empathy
congruence
transference
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Answer
Choice b is correct.
Empathy is often developed via
communication techniques utilized by the
client-centered therapist. One such
technique is reflection, which involves
paraphrasing what the client said.
(Chapter 16, Client-Centered Therapy
section)
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Question
You walk into a room and encounter a therapist
who is gradually progressing through a
hierarchy of increasingly fear-provoking
situations related to dogs. The treatment taking
place in the room is known as ____________
and is used in the treatment of ____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
psychoanalysis; panic disorder
modeling; obsessive-compulsive disorder
systematic desensitization; phobias
token economy; post-traumatic stress disorder
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Answer
Choice c is correct.
Systematic desensitization is an effective
treatment for phobias. It involves having
the client visualize a graduated series of
increasingly anxiety-provoking stimuli
while maintaining a relaxed state.
(Chapter 16, Techniques for Modifying
Behavior section)
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Question
Which of the following is an example of a token
economy system?
a) Students receive “A” grades when they get
90% or more of their math questions right.
b) A dog is given a treat when he rolls over.
c) An aggressive child is sprayed with a powerful
hose any time he engages in violent behavior.
d) Students receive stars next to their names on
the board and can later exchange the stars for
a special treat at lunch.
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Answer
Choice d is correct.
A token economy is a system for
increasing the frequency of a desired
behavior by rewarding the behavior with
tokens (stars, chips, points, etc.) that can
be exchanged for various rewards.
(Chapter 16, Techniques for Modifying
Behavior section)
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Question
A cognitive-behavioral therapist might say
which of the following to a patient suffering from
symptoms of depression?
a) “Negative thoughts are maintaining your
negative mood state and when you feel that
bad emotionally, you tend to stop doing fun
things that you used to enjoy.”
b) “Your depressive symptoms are just a surfacelevel manifestation of a much deeper problem.”
c) “So what I hear you saying is that you are in a
lot of emotional pain right now.”
d) “You are engaging in a show of depressive
symptoms in order to get attention from people
who have been ignoring you.”
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Answer
Choice a is correct.
Cognitive-behavior therapy is an approach that
assumes that symptoms of depression are
related to negative thinking (cognitive) and
reduced rates of pleasant, rewarding activities
or behaviors (behavior). By changing thinking
and engaging in such activities, the client can
become less depressed, according to cognitivebehavioral models of depression. (Chapter 16,
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy section)
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Question
Analyses of the effectiveness of psychotherapy indicate
that which of the following statements is a fair summary
of the effectiveness of psychotherapy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
“Psychotherapy is relatively ineffective, except for
the most minor forms of psychopathology.”
“Psychotherapy works well. In fact, 90% of patients
are symptom-free up to 18 months after treatment.”
“Psychotherapy is effective. In fact, the average
person who receives treatment is better off after
treatment than are 80% of people who needed
treatment but did not get it.”
“Psychotherapy is more effective than any other
form of treatment that we have studied. It is rare to
find a patient who doesn’t benefit from
psychotherapy.”
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Answer
Choice c is correct.
Meta-analytic studies of the effectiveness
of psychotherapy have repeatedly arrived
at the 80% finding – meaning that the
average treated patient is doing better at
post-treatment than are 80% of the
untreated (control group) patients who
were similarly troubled. (Chapter 16,
Evaluating Psychotherapy section)
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Question
ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) is a
treatment option for which of the following
individuals?
a) Lucy, who has severe epilepsy
b) John, who has a debilitating case of
panic disorder
c) Ron, who suffers from paranoid
schizophrenia
d) Pam, who suffers from severe,
treatment-resistant depression
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Answer
Choice d is correct.
ECT is a treatment approach that involves
the use of a brief electric shock
administered to the patient’s brain. It is
usually reserved for severe, chronic
depression that has not responded to
various forms of antidepressant
medication treatment. (Chapter 16,
Electroconvulsive Therapy section)
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Question
Neuroleptics, or antipsychotics, are
medications such as Thorazine, Clozaril,
and Risperdal that are used to treat
____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD)
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Answer
Choice a is correct.
Neuroleptics are drugs that relieve the
symptoms of schizophrenia. They are also
called antipsychotics. Thorazine was a firstgeneration phenothiazine medication for the
treatment of schizophrenia. Clozaril and
Risperdal, along with several others, are
referred to as atypical neuroleptics. (Chapter
16, Psychoactive Drugs section)
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Question
Prozac is a widely prescribed medication
used to treat ____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
autism
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
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Answer
Choice c is correct.
Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI). It alleviates symptoms of
depression by increasing levels of the
neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.
(Chapter 16, Linkages: Biological Aspects
of Psychology and the Treatment of
Psychological Disorders section)
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