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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones
Name __________________________________________ Date______ Period ________ Score ___________
Endocrine System Overview:
• Working with the nervous system, regulates and integrates body's metabolic activity
• Maintain homeostasis with hormones
Glands
Hormones
Negative feedback
Target cells
Receptors
Hypothalamus
4 major components:
Cells/ Organs or tissues that secrete hormones
Chemical messengers secreted into the blood and transported to target cells.
Cells affected by hormones secreted into the blood stream.
Found on the plasma membrane or inside cell; determines sensitivity of target cell to a
specific hormone.
Hormones function by a process of _______________________________________
A. __________________________ Production of ADH, oxytocin, and regulatory hormones, Main coordinating
center that regulates the nervous and endocrine systems.
B. Pituitary – 9 hormones (7 Anterior, 2 Post)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Hormone
Oxytocin (OXT)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth hormone (GH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Function
Hormone that controls anterior pituitary secretions (TSH) that stimulate the thyroid
gland.
Hormone released in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) that triggers the
thyroid gland to release hormones.
Hormone that controls anterior pituitary secretions (ACTH) that stimulate the adrenal
gland.
Hormone released in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) that triggers the
adrenal cortex to release hormones
Hormone that promotes follicle and egg development in females and sperm production in
males.
Hormone that induces ovulation and secretion of progestins in females and androgens
such as testosterone in males.
Hormone that stimulates mammary gland development stimulates milk production.
Hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication of all cells especially muscle and
bone.
Hormone that increases activity of melanocytes in skin, active in fetal development, very
young children, pregnancy, and certain diseases.
Hormone that targets the kidney and decreases water loss.
Hormone that stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during labor and delivery, as
well as contraction of cell surrounding milk secretory cells in mammary glands.
Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones
Name __________________________________________ Date______ Period ________ Score _______
C. Thyroid and Parathyroid
1. Hormones that adjust tissue metabolic rates
2. Hormones that usually plays a minor role in calcium ion homeostasis by opposing the action of
parathyroid hormone
Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3)
Hormone
Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Function
Hormone(s) that increase the rate of ATP production in mitochondria, therefore
increasing the rate of metabolism.
Hormone(s) that are essential for normal bone growth in children and in the last
trimester of pregnancy; stimulated by an increase in the plasma Ca2+, inhibits
osteoclasts in bone, and stimulates calcium excretion by kidneys.
Hormone(s) stimulated by a decrease in the plasma Ca2+, activates osteoclasts in
bone, and reduces calcium excretion by kidneys
D. Adrenal gland – metabolic functions
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Androgens
Epinephrine (E, or adrenaline) & Norepinephrine (NE, or noradrenaline)
Hormones
Function
Hormone (s) that affects electrolyte balance in body fluids.
Hormone (s) that affects glucose metabolism; also an anti-inflammatory
Hormone (s) that can be converted to estrogens in plasma; in normal amounts do not affect
sexual characteristics.
Hormone (s) that trigger metabolic changes to increase availability of energy molecules;
supports and prolongs the overall sympathetic response.
E. Pineal Gland and Pancreas
_________________ Inhibition of reproductive function, antioxidant activity, day/night cycle
_________________ Digestive organ whose exocrine cells make digestive enzymes
Melatonin
Alpha cells
Hormone
Cell
Beta cells
Glucagon
Insulin
Function
Hormone that plays a role in maintaining Circadian rhythms (day-night cycles).
Hormone released upon a decrease in BGL, resulting in the breakdown of
glycogen in liver and muscles into glucose and an increase in BGL.
Hormone released upon an increase in BGL, resulting in cell uptake of glucose and
a decrease in BGL.
Function
Cells that secrete glucagon.
Cells that secrete insulin.
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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones
Name __________________________________________ Date______ Period ________ Score _______
Secondary Endocrine Functions :
Calcitrol
Erythropoietin
Renin
Atrial Natriuietic Peptide (ANP)
Thymosins
Leptin
F. Intestines – process and absorb nutrients
G. Kidneys – urinary system
Hormone
Function
Hormone stimulated by PTH, derived from Vitamin D3 that increases the
absorption of calcium and phosphate.
Hormone stimulated by the kidneys that causes an increase in Red Blood Cell
production.
An enzyme that triggers a hormonal chain reaction to increase Blood Pressure
and blood volume.
H. Heart, Cardiovascular system
Hormone
Function
Hormone that detects excessive stretching in the right atrium of the heart; causes
a loss of sodium and water and a decrease in Blood Pressure an blood volume
I. Thymus lymphatic system
Hormone
Function
Hormones that aid in the development and maintenance of immune defenses.
J. Adipose Tissue
Hormone
Function
Hormone secreted from Adipose Tissue that provides negative feedback control
of appetite; increases fertility
K. Gonads - Reproductive system
Testes
Testosterone
Ovaries
Estrogen
Hormone
Progesterone
Inhibin
Function
Male Gonads
Hormone that promotes sperm production
Female Gonads
Hormone that supports maturation of ova and growth of uterine lining
Hormone released from corpus luteum that accelerates fertilized egg movement through
the uterine tube; prepares for arrival of developing embryo
Hormone that provides negative feedback to FSH.
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Endocrine Systems Glands and Hormones
Name __________________________________________ Date______ Period ________ Score _______
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