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Transcript
Table of Contents 1- Egypt Vocab #1 2- lifeline of the Nile BSNs 3- ancient Egypt map 4- life in Egypt Vocab #2 5- life in Egypt FIB activity ( BSNs after, NR) 6- OA 1-14-14 7-Life in Egypt FIB presentation 8- OA 1-15-14 9- Ancient Egyptian Clothing 10- Nubia and Egypt T/F Activity 11- Fun facts of Egypt packet 12- OA 1-22-11 13- Test review 14- Mummified Apples Julie Valois, 6 Blue The Lifeline of the Nile Note Card List Create note cards for the following terms: Delta Silt Papyrus Cataract Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Nile River Valley Hieroglyphics Rosetta Stone Pharaoh The Nile River Valley -In the 1970s there was a skeleton found in East Africa that was about 3.5 million years old. -Now they have only found enough artifacts to learn about African civilizations from about 5,000 BC. -Nile River Valley was an ideal place for civilizations to thrive in northeastern Africa -Egypt depended on Agriculture, but it gets little rain. -Nile River brought life to those who lived by it. -Nile is the longest River in the world. More than 4,000 feet. -The Nile flows through a delta, or a triangular shaped area of soil at the mouth of a River that looks like fingers spread out. -Water flowing northward carried silt, or a mixture of small rocks and soil. -The delta was located in lower Egypt, which lies to the north of upper Egypt. - Nile irrigated land that stretched from 5 miles from the River. Page 78 Giver of Life -Memphis was a place near the Nile planted seeds after the niles floods and harvested in late summer. -They called this black land, because it was very fertile. -Not far from the Nile there is a desert known as "red land"'by the Egyptians. -No crops could grow there. -Wheat and barley were the most important crops. Farmers also grew vegetables. -Papyrus was a valuable crop because it's stems could be used as paper. -Papyrus was widely used for record keeping. -Nile was also transportation, but there were some roadblocks. -Six cataracts, or waterfalls, break up the flow of the Nile. -This made it impossible to sail directly from Nile delta to South Africa without having to take the boat out of water. Taker of life -Though the Nile flooded regularly, it wasn't always in the same way. If it was caused by rain, it would over flow a destroy crops, and some people lost their lives. -If this happened, Egyptians used food from surplus harvests. -Egyptians were polytheistic -Amon Ra, the main god, was represented by the sun. -The Egyptians noticed that the moon changed slightly every night, and used this information to predict when the Nile would flood, -They used a calendar to keep track of cycles.they determined that the Nile would flood between May and September. This and irrigation canals helped the Egyptians solve their Nile problems Julie Valois Menes Memphis Manetho Rosetta Pharoah Mummification Zoser Great Pyramid Middle Kingdom Chariot Women BSNs for Life in Egypt, pages 84-90 Unifying Egypt -upper Egypt and lower Egypt each had their own kings -upper Egypt- white crown lower Egypt- red crown - to symbol that they were unified - king Menes led his army north to Egypt wearing the double crown. According to legend. -some think that kings Scorpion and namer united the kingdoms. - On dragon app Egypt Vocab #2 – Life in Egypt Make notecards for the following terms: Giza Deir el-Medina ON FLASH CARD APP Menes Manetho Khufu Hatshepsut Akhenaten Unify Pharaoh Hieroglyphics Pyramid Mummy Economy Rosetta Stone Deir el-Medina Hatshepsut Opening Activity 1/14/14 1. What is the name of the city in Egypt where the Great Pyramid is located? _______________________________ Giza 2. What is the name of the legendary Egyptian king who is credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt? _______________________________ Menes 3. What is the name of the Egyptian priest and adviser who began keeping records of ancient Egyptian kings? _________________________________ Manetho 4. The Great Pyramid in Egypt was built for this pharaoh. What is his name? ___________________________ Pharoah Khufu 5. To unite, combine, or bring together. ______________________________ Unify “The Gift of the Nile” ! " Egypt depended on the _____________________. " Without it, Egypt would be a ________________ because Egypt receives little rainfall. " When the Nile River flooded it deposited _________ which made the area around the river more fertile. " To increase the number of crops that Egyptians could grow they would dig canals to carry water to the fields. This is known as _______________. " The Nile was also an excellent transportation route. " It provided access with the Mediterranean Sea which allowed Egyptians to __________ with other regions. Critical Thinking ! " How would the vast deserts on the east and west of the Nile River Valley actually help Egyptians? It would be harder for others to invade. You would not have to worry about a lot of wild animals. ! Unifying Egypt ! " The villages of Upper and Lower Egypt had developed into two separate kingdoms early in Egypt’s history. " They are believed to have joined by ___________________of Upper Egypt. " Where the two kingdoms met he built a city of _______________, his capital. " Menes rule began the first ________________ of Egypt. " Dynasty - ____________________________________ Crowns of Early Egypt ! Ruler of Egypt ! " The ruler of Egypt was is known as a _________________ and was seen as a king and a __________. " Most pharaohs saw themselves as protectors of the people and so tried to rule fairly. " The pharaoh was responsible for all aspects of life in Egypt. ! ! ! ! _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Ruler of Egypt ! " The pharaohs had help. " Manny ___________________________to watch over the details of the government. " The most important was the ___________________. ! ! ! ! Presided over the royal court. Acted as a diplomat Collected taxes In charge of construction in the kingdom. " Other officials helped the chief overseer carry out details of running the Egyptian government. Pharaoh ! Critical Thinking ! " We do not know much about kings and the life in Egypt until the third dynasty. Why do you think that is? There were not many written records before this time. Egyptian Records ! " We know about the pharaohs because of the _________________Egyptians kept. " Egyptians developed a system of writing based on pictures called _________________________. " Hieroglyphic symbols stood for ____________________________________ " They were carved on clay tablets or written on paper. " It took years ___________to learn how to be a scribe. " Scribes were always in ______________________. The Rosetta Stone ! " Archaeologists did not know how to read the hieroglyphics they found on Egyptian buildings and artifacts for a long time. " In 1799 AD French engineers dug up a _____________________that had been carved in 196 AD. It contained three kinds of writing. ! ___________________ ! _______________________________________________ ! ________________________ Rosetta Stone ! Dividing the Kingdoms ! " Historians divided the early history of Egypt into ___________ periods when strong dynasties united the country. " They called these periods the ! ____________________ ! ____________________ ! ____________________ Old Kingdom ! " During the Old Kingdom, Egyptians started _______________________________ " The Old Kingdom is often called the _________________ " The Great Pyramids at Giza and the Great Sphinx were built during the Old Kingdom. Pyramids ! " Pyramids were used as ___________ for the ___________ of Egypt. " Egyptians believed that the god-kings remained ______________________and the pyramid was their ______________ " There buried with their _________________________ ______________________. " The Egyptians used a process called ___________________ to preserve the body of the pharaoh. " The whole process took ________________ The Step Pyramid of Djoser ! " The first Egyptian pyramid looked different from the Great Pyramids of Giza. " It was a Step ___________________for a pharaoh named pyramid that was built in Saqqara _______________ Zoser " The architect for this project was a man named __________________ Imhotep Step Pyramid of Djoser ! Height – ____________ Perimeter – ___________ Area- ________________________ The Great Pyramid at Giza ! " Built for the pharaoh _____________ Khufu " Estimated to have taken _________________________ 20 years and 20,000 people to build ______________ " __________________________ NO SLAVE LABOR WAS USED The Great Pyramid at Giza ! Height – ___________ Perimeter – ____________ ! " The three large pyramids at Giza: From left to right, Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu. The far pyramid is the "Great Pyramid" and the largest structure on the site. The middle one may look larger, but only because it is built on higher ground. The Middle Kingdom ! " During the Middle Kingdom ___________ is made Thebes the capital of Egypt. " _____________________________ Trade and exploration flourish ! Expeditions are sent south to Nubia for gold . ! Traders traveled to Palestine, Syria, and Crete in the Mediterranean. " The end of the Middle Kingdom ends with Egypt A group called Hyskos. being conquered by ____________________________ " _______________________________________________ They had horses, chariots, and better weapons than Egyptians _______________________________________________ The New Kingdom ! To use the Hyskos' weapons against them " Egyptians learned ______________________________ and they regained control of Egypt. " Pharaohs built an empire by ____________________. Conquering land " Their empire reached the ____________ in Euphrates Mesopotamia and __________________. Southern Africa " The New Kingdom is sometimes called the ________________. The Empire Age Opening Activity 1-15-14 1. Is Upper Egypt is in southern or northern Egypt? ________________________________________________ Southern 2. What is the way people use and manage resources known as? _________________________________ Economy 3. Who was the queen of Ancient Egypt who proclaimed herself pharaoh and ruled during the New Kingdom? ____________________________ Hatshepsut 4. What is the term used for a preserved dead body? ________________________________ Mummification 5. What is the name of the village built for workers at the Valley of the Kings in Egypt? _______________________________ Deir-el Mendina Walk like an Egyptian Day is October 31st! Rules to follow. What to wear? ! "Question! "What do you think determines the type of clothing you and I wear every day? "Answer! "Climate: the weather conditions of a region. "Give me some examples. The Basics ! " Due to the climate, Egyptians wore clothes made mostly of linen. " Linen was made from a plant that was grown in Egypt called flax. " Linen is a light natural fabric that allows your skin to breathe, air to circulate, and your body temperature to remain low. Not Just the Climate… ! " Besides climate, what is another factor that determined the type of clothing a person might have worn? " Answer: Their wealth. Male Garments ! " Men would typically wear kilts or tunics. ! Kilt - a skirt that is worn by a male. ! Tunic - is a loose fitting garment that, for men, would come down to their knees. " Men who worked outside would only wear kilts to try to stay as cool as possible. " Wealthy men would wear tunics as well as many other articles of Egyptian clothing. Female Garments ! " Women typically wore a long, closely fitting dress of fine fabric that was called a kalasiris. " The long dress would end close to the ankles. " The kalasiris and tunic were just one part of the elaborate Egyptian style of dress. Headdresses ! " Wigs were worn by men and women of high society. " The primary function of the wig was as a headdress for special occasions, such as ceremonies and banquets. " Wigs were made of human hair with plant fibers or wool from sheep. " Peasant women tied and decorated their hair with flowers and ribbons. " Children decorated their hair with charms of small fish to protect them from the dangers of the Nile. Ancient Egyptian Wigs ! • Royal people held their wigs in place with a jeweled crown called a diadem. • Common people would use headbands, metal hairpins, or beads to attach wigs. Crowns ! " Crowns and headdresses were mostly made of organic materials and have not survived but we know what they looked like from many pictures and statues. " The best known crown is from Tutankhamen's golden death mask. Crowns ! " This was called the Nemes crown and was made of striped cloth. " It was tied around the head, covered the neck and shoulders, and was knotted into a tail at the back. " The brow was sometimes decorated with a cobra and a vulture which were meant to protect the pharaoh. Jewelry ! " The Ancient Egyptians wore jewelry to show their wealth and also because they believed it made them more attractive to the gods. " They wore rings, ear-rings, bracelets, decorated buttons, necklaces, neck collars and pendants. " Only the very rich could afford jewelry made of gold and precious stones. " Ordinary people made jewelry from colored pottery beads. Collars ! " Wide collars were made of gold, precious stones, glass beads, flowers, berries, and leaves. " They were worn for banquets and other special occasions by wealthy Egyptians. Make-Up for Everyone ! " Worn by both women and men. " Included: ! Eye shadow from a mineral called malachite ! Black eyeliner (Kohl) from galena, a type of lead. ! Lipstick from henna and red ochre (a type of clay) The False Beard ! " The beard was not in fashion and men shaved facial hair but beards were considered to be sacred to the gods and therefore to the Pharaohs. " The beard was considered to be a divine symbol of the gods. " Depictions of Pharaohs, both the Kings and some Queens, are seen wearing false plaited (braided) beards. The False Beard ! " These false beards were religious symbols of the Pharaohs emphasizing their status as a living god. " The bizarre false beards were tightly knotted and plaited (braided) and hooked behind the ears. " They were worn on important religious and other ceremonial occasions. Famous Footwear? ! " The wealthy would typically have sandals that were made from fine leather. " The common or poor Egyptian used sandals made of papyrus or woven grass. " Many people in ancient Egypt went barefoot their entire lives!! Julie Valois T T F Merotic has not been decoded yet. F They believed in many gods. T T T F Egypt expanded into Nubia T T F Meroë did not start at 350 AD, IT ENDED. Egyptian Fun Fact QR Code Scavenger Hunt Ancient Egyptian Clothing – Use the presentation on Moodle to fill in the blanks. The Basics • • • Due to the climate, Egyptians wore clothes made mostly of linen. Linen was made from a plant that was grown in Egypt called flax. Linen is a light natural fabric that allows your skin to breathe, air to circulate, and your body temperature to remain low. Not Just the Climate • Besides climate, what is another factor that determined the type of clothing a person might have worn? o Answer: Their wealth. Male Garments • • • Men would typically wear kilts or tunics. o Kilt - a skirt that is worn by a male. o Tunic - is a loose fitting garment that, for men, would come down to their knees. Men who worked outside would only wear kilts to try to stay as cool as possible. Wealthy men would wear tunics as well as many other articles of Egyptian clothing. Female Garments • • • Women typically wore a long, closely fitting dress of fine fabric that was called a kalasiris. The long dress would end close to the ankles. The kalasiris and tunic were just one part of the elaborate Egyptian style of dress. Headdresses • • • • • Wigs were worn by men and women of high society. The primary function of the wig was as a headdress for special occasions, such as ceremonies and banquets. Wigs were made of human hair with plant fibers or wool from sheep. Peasant women tied and decorated their hair with flowers and ribbons. Children decorated their hair with charms of small fish to protect them from the dangers of the Nile. Ancient Egyptian Wigs • • Royal people held their wigs in place with a jeweled crown called a diadem. Common people would use headbands, metal hairpins, or beads to attach wigs. Crowns • • • • • Crowns and headdresses were mostly made of organic materials and have not survived but we know what they looked like from many pictures and statues. The best known crown is from Tutankhamen's golden death mask. This was called the Nemes crown and was made of striped cloth. It was tied around the head, covered the neck and shoulders, and was knotted into a tail at the back. The brow was sometimes decorated with a cobra and a vulture which were meant to protect the pharaoh. Jewelry • • • The Ancient Egyptians wore jewelry to show their wealth and also because they believed it made them more attractive to the gods. They wore rings, ear-rings, bracelets, decorated buttons, necklaces, neck collars and pendants. Only the very rich could afford jewelry made of gold and precious stones. Ordinary people made jewelry from colored pottery beads. • • Wide collars were made of gold, precious stones, glass beads, flowers, berries, and leaves. They were worn for banquets and other special occasions by wealthy Egyptians. • Collars Make-up for Everyone • • Worn by both women and men. Included: o Eye shadow from a mineral called malachite o Black eyeliner (Kohl) from galena, a type of lead. o Lipstick from henna and red ochre (a type of clay) The False Beard • • • • • • The beard was not in fashion and men shaved facial hair but beards were considered to be sacred to the gods and therefore to the Pharaohs. The beard was considered to be a divine symbol of the gods. Depictions of Pharaohs, both the Kings and some Queens, are seen wearing false plaited (braided) beards. These false beards were religious symbols of the Pharaohs emphasizing their status as a living god. The bizarre false beards were tightly knotted and plaited (braided) and hooked behind the ears. They were worn on important religious and other ceremonial occasions. Famous Footwear? • • • The wealthy would typically have sandals that were made from fine leather. The common or poor Egyptian used sandals made of papyrus or woven grass. Many people in ancient Egypt went barefoot their entire lives!! The Mummification Process – Match the number on the QR Code with the number on this paper. 1. The mummification process was performed by priests called embalmers. They were specifically trained in the mummification process. The chief embalmer was a priest wearing the mask of Anubis – the god of mummification. 2. The first thing the ancient Egyptians did was rinse the body with good-smelling palm wine and rinse it with water from the Nile. 3. Next they would remove all of the internal organs. These internal organs were washed in oil and then put canopic jars. The lids of the canopic jars were carved with the heads of special gods who protected the organs. 4. The heart was the only organ left in the body because the Egyptians thought the heart was the organ of life force and intellect and that the person would need it in the afterlife. 5. The body was then covered in a kind of salt called natron which drew moisture from the body. 6. The body would then be wrapped and placed in a coffin and taken to their tomb. Egyptian Gods and Goddesses There are many Egyptian gods and goddesses. Explore the room and find information on the following gods and goddesses. Ra – The god of the sun Ra was the most important god. He was the lord of all the gods. He was usually shown in human form with a falcon head, crowned with the sun disc encircled by the sacred cobra. Amun Amun is considered the king of the gods. He is usually depicted as a man with a ram head. When Amun was combined with the sun god Ra, he was even more powerful. He was then called Amun-Ra. Anubis God of mummification (embalming and the dead). His role was as the guardian to the necropolis. Priests often wore a mask of Anubis during mummification ceremonies. Horus God of the sky. The Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was the “living Horus”. Isis Isis was a protective goddess. She used powerful magic spell to help people in need. Isis was the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus. Since each pharaoh was considered the “living Horus”, Isis is very important. Isis is often shown holding Horus on her lap. Isis is associated with thrones because her lap was the first “throne” that Horus sat upon. Osiris Osiris was the god of the dead and ruler of the underworld. As well as being the god of the dead, Osiris was the god of resurrection. The Building of a Pyramid – go to the website in the QR code to answer the following questions When did begin planning his tomb? Planning began as soon as they took the throne. Where were large blocks of stone for the pyramid cut from? They were cut from rock quarries nearby. What was placed at the top of the pyramid? A special block covered in shining metal (either gold or electrum) Who were the three smaller pyramids built for? Khufu’s Queens Opening Activity 1-22-14 Use your Egypt Fun Facts Packet to answer the following questions. 1. What was the name of the plant grown in ancient Egypt that was used to make linen? _________________________________ Flax 2. What is the name of the skirt typically worn by men of ancient Egypt? _________________________________ Kilt 3. What is the name of the containers that Egyptian embalmers would store the pharaoh’s organs in? ___________________________________ Canopic jars 4. Which Egyptian deity was the god of mummification? Priests would wear a mask of his head during the mummification process. _________________________ Anubis 5. What was placed at the top of the Great Pyramid of Giza? ____________________________ Electrum 6. What was the name of the salt that was used in the mummification process? ________________________________ Natron Julie Valois 6 Blue The Mediterranean The Red Sea The Nile River The Nile delta Giza The Three Pyramids Memphis Thebes Mount Sinai First Cataract Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Valley of the Kings South North Black land Red land Elevation Thebes It flows this Way because upper Egypt has a higher elevation, even though it's in the south King Nemes Zoster Khufu Old Kingdom Step Pyramid The step pyramid Tombs The Great Pyramid Valley of Kings The Underworld Canopic Jars The Heart 70 Days Linen Flax A loose fitting garment that would go down to the knees Diadem Kalasiris Their religion Hieroglyphics Rosetta Stone Delta Cataract Papyrus Silt The Mediterranean Heavy rain The Nile was the giver of life because it was a source of water and watered crops. The Nile was the taker of life because it flooded and could destroy crops and take peoples lives. Pharaoh Enslaved people It would be hard for others to attack, because there was no water and it was hard to navigate. Advisor Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom The pyramid age It was invaded by the Hyskos New Empire Nubia Because it was rich i resources The Nubians had to have stronger tools because the ground was harder.